2219-T87高强铝合金复合超高频脉冲方波VP-GTAW焊缝成形特征

采用平板堆焊工艺进行2219-T87高强铝合金焊接,研究了复合超高频脉冲方波变极性钨极氩弧焊接(HPVP-GTAW)过程中超高频脉冲方波电流特征参数对焊缝熔透成形的影响.结果表明,在正极性有效电流保持基本一致(变化范围±5 A)条件下,与常规VP-GTAW电弧焊接相比,超高频脉冲方波电流的加入可提高2219-T87铝合金焊缝的熔透率,焊缝熔透率增加20%以上;脉冲电流频率对焊缝熔透率有明显影响;在一定范围内增加脉冲电流幅值,减小占空比,可显著提高焊缝熔透率,脉冲电流幅值100 A和占空比20%时,焊缝熔透率增加75%以上.     

2A14-T6铝合金复合超高频脉冲方波变极性GTAW焊缝成形特征

以2A14－T6高强铝合金为对象,借助焊缝成形参数来评价复合超高频脉冲方波变极性钨极氩弧焊（HPVP-GTAW）焊缝成形的特征,研究了HPVP—GTAW过程中超高频脉冲方波电流参数对焊缝成形的影响．结果表明,与常规VP-GTAW电弧焊相比,在焊接过程中加入超高频脉冲方波电流可以提高焊缝熔透率,改善焊缝成形;在脉冲电流幅值和占空比一定时,脉冲电流频率对HPVP－GTAW焊缝成形影响显著;正极性持续期间有效电流保持基本一致（变化范围±5A）条件下,在一定范围内提高脉冲电流频率,增加脉冲电流幅值,同时减小占空比,可明显提高铝合金HPVP－GTAW焊缝的熔透率．     

超高频脉冲方波电流对5A06铝合金HPVP-GTAW焊缝的影响

采用复合超高频脉冲方波变极性钨极氩弧焊接工艺(HPVP-GTAW)进行5A06铝合金平板的焊接加工,试验研究超高频脉冲方波电流对焊缝显微组织和接头力学性能的影响.结果表明,超高频脉冲方波电流频率对5A06铝合金焊缝组织性能会产生显著影响,脉冲电流频率在40～60 kHz范围内时,焊缝中心区域α(Al)固溶体内β(Mg2Al3)相弥散质点的析出数量增多,接头软化程度降低,拉伸性能明显提高,抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到母材金属的93%和80%以上;在脉冲电流频率20 kHz条件下,改变脉冲电流幅值和脉冲占空比的大小,所获焊缝的组织性能无明显变化.     

不同焊接工艺下2219铝合金TIG焊接头性能分析

针对2219铝合金的对接TIG焊,采用单面两层焊和两面三层焊的工艺方法开展了对比试验,分析了焊接接头形貌和组织性能。研究结果表明,两种工艺方法均可以获得良好的焊缝成形,力学性能满足结构设计要求;两面三层焊比单面两层焊的焊接接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率的平均值分别提高了1.7%和33.3%,抗拉强度基本相同,断后伸长率得到了大幅提升;相比于单面两层焊,两面三层焊的背部封底焊接增加了背部焊缝宽度,背部熔合线的形状以及与水平方向的夹角都发生了变化;两种工艺方法的焊接接头各区域组织特点鲜明,相同区域的微观形貌相差不大;在焊缝背部相同位置,两种工艺方法的硬度值曲线走向趋势相同,封底焊增大了过时效软化区的宽度,提高了焊接接头的断后伸长率。     

2219高强铝合金双频复合脉冲VPTIG焊接受激脉冲小孔行为

K-TIG （Keyhole TIG）是TIG焊接工艺的一种变体,通过在熔池内部形成小孔,大幅提高焊缝熔深。然而,由于铝合金热导率较高,K-TIG通常被认为不适用于铝合金焊接。采用一种新型双频复合脉冲变极性TIG（DP-VPTIG）焊接工艺,成功实现了7 mm厚2219高强铝合金的稳定全熔透小孔焊接。采用视觉传感技术研究了DP-VPTIG焊接小孔瞬态行为及其动态演变过程。结果表明,熔池表面同时受到向上的电弧压力以及向下的表面张力和静水压力作用。DP-VPTIG低频脉冲峰值阶段,在电弧压力主导作用下熔池表面发生凹陷变形并在熔池内部形成深熔小孔;低频脉冲基值阶段,在表面张力和静水压力的主导作用下,熔池表面上移,小孔闭合。DP-VPTIG焊接过程中低频脉冲的周期性变化激发了熔池内部小孔的周期性“打开”和“闭合”。小孔的形成使电弧沿熔池表面下移,直接加热熔池下部的固态金属,有利于焊缝熔深的提升,且小孔尺寸随低频脉冲频率的增加而减小。     

双钨极氩弧焊焊缝成形的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法对双钨极氩弧焊的焊缝成形规律进行研究.考虑到两个电弧的相互吸引作用导致电弧偏转,仿真时采用倾斜热源模型.对比分析了单、双钨极氩弧焊的焊缝成形特点,研究了双钨极氩弧焊焊接过程中钨极间距、电流大小和匹配形式对熔池形状的影响.结果表明,相对于单钨极氩弧焊,双钨极氩弧焊的熔宽窄,熔深略小;随着钨极间距的增加,熔宽增加,熔深减小;随着电流的增大,熔深和熔宽都有一定程度的增加;两钨极上焊接电流的不同匹配形式会对焊缝成形产生影响.     

脉冲电流频率对2219铝合金焊缝组织性能的影响

采用超快速变换复合高频脉冲方波变极性TIG电弧焊接方法进行2219-T87高强铝合金焊接,研究脉冲方波电流频率对焊缝组织性能的影响.结果表明,加入脉冲方波电流后,焊缝组织明显细化,焊缝区由粗大柱状晶向细小等轴晶转变.当脉冲电流频率达超音频段时,在焊缝中部还存在一种呈带状分布的细小等轴非枝晶组织,并与等轴树枝晶组织交替分布.与未加入脉冲电流相比,当脉冲电流频率为60kHz时,接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别增加约17.6%和66%.在一定范围内提高脉冲电流频率,可显著减小焊缝熔合区宽度,改善接头硬度分布,明显提高接头塑性,但对接头强度的影响作用并不明显.     

高强铝合金VPPA-MIG复合焊接焊缝成形机理

VPPA-MIG复合焊集VPPA穿透力强和MIG焊熔敷效率高的优点,弥补了单VPPA焊工艺区间窄且需立焊和MIG焊熔深浅的不足. 使用Red Lake Y4高速摄像获取6 mm厚2A12铝合金VPPA-MIG复合焊接熔池图像,建立了熔池受力模型. 对比分析了复合热源不同能量配比对焊缝成形和熔池形貌的影响及VPPA-MIG与单MIG焊缝成形特点. 结果表明,VPPA-MIG复合热源相比单VPPA热源易保持焊缝成形稳定性. VPPA电流接近穿孔阈值时,配合较低功率MIG热源可以获得6 mm厚2A12铝合金良好焊缝成形;VPPA能量比例过低时,小孔较浅,熔化效率较低,不能起到增加熔深的作用;VPPA能量比例过大,易使熔池失稳,焊缝成形不良. 热源输入功率相同时,VPPA-MIG复合焊比MIG焊显著增加焊缝熔深和深宽比,提高生产效率.     

双钨极氩弧焊工艺及焊缝成形机理分析

针对3 mm和4 mm厚度低碳钢板,对双钨极氩弧焊的焊接工艺进行了研究.与常规钨极氩弧焊的对比分析表明,由于双钨极氩弧焊降低了电弧压力,提高了焊丝的熔敷率,因而在大电流高速度焊接时,极大地减少了凹坑、咬边等缺陷,实现了良好的焊缝成形,从而改善了常规钨极氩弧焊不适合大电流高速度焊接的不足,拓宽了钨极氩弧焊的使用范围,提高了焊接生产率.此外,在焊接试验的基础上,进一步对双钨极氩弧焊降低电弧压力、减少焊接缺陷的机理进行了分析.     

2219铝合金母材及焊接接头的腐蚀行为

采用剥蚀试验和动电位极化曲线测试对2219铝合金母材、搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和钨极氩弧焊(TIG)焊接头的腐蚀行为进行了研究。通过腐蚀失重测试、电化学试验与剥蚀后表面及深度方向腐蚀微观形貌观察,对三者的腐蚀形式和机理进行了分析。结果表明:母材腐蚀速率最大,自腐蚀电位最低,而腐蚀电流密度最大;两种接头焊缝/焊核的耐蚀性总体接近,都优于母材的,FSW焊核的耐蚀性最优。合金母材的腐蚀形式为层状剥蚀,TIG焊缝为晶间腐蚀,深度较小,FSW焊核为点蚀。三者的腐蚀均与析出相有关,母材的析出相粗大,与基体之间的电偶效应最明显;TIG焊缝析出相沿枝晶晶界排列,但析出相尺寸小,电偶作用弱于母材;FSW焊核析出相尺寸由于机械搅拌而变小且分布弥散,腐蚀性能有所改善。     

Effect of variable polarity frequency on 2A14-T6 aluminum alloy welds using HPVP-GTAW process

Hybrid ultrahigh frequency pulse variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding （HPVP-GTAW） for 2A14-T6 high strength aluminum alloy was carried out and the effects of variable polarity frequency with constant pulse current frequency 40 kHz on weld bead geometry, microstrueture and microhardness were analyzed. Experimental results indicate that, compared to that of the conventional VP-GTAW process, the weld depth and ratio of weld depth to width are improved significantly by the variable polarity frequency in the HPVP-GTAW process, which the ratio of weld depth to width is improved by 36% at equal variable polarity frequency of 100 Hz, and improved by 55% with that of 200 Hz. Weld microstructure and microhardness distribution are changed obviously with the increase of variable polarity frequency. In the conventional VP-GTA W process, the grains in weld central zone are coarser, and the microhardness in weld central zone and fusion zone is about 95 HV and the lowest 82 HV, respectively. The microhardness is enhanced to a certain extent both in the weld central zone and fusion zone with the variation of variable polarity frequency in the HPVP-GTAW process due to the refinement and uniformity of weld microstructure. With the variable polarity frequency of 600 Hz, the microhardness in weld central zone and fusion zone reaches nearly 110 HV and 97 HV, respectively.     

Effects of pulse parameters on arc characteristics and weld penetration in hybrid pulse VP-GTAW of aluminum alloy

A novel ultrafast-convert hybrid pulse variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding process(HPVP-GTAW)is developed.High frequency pulse square-wave current which has a frequency of more than 20 kHz is exactly integrated in the positive polarity current duration.The effects of pulse current parameters on arc characteristics and weld penetration have been studied during the HPVP-GTAW process using Al-5.8 Mg alloy plates.The arc characteristics studied by arc voltage and its profile,weld penetration noted by the ratio of weld depth to width have been found to be influenced significantly by the pulse current.The experimental results show that the HPVP-GTAW process can improve the arc profile predominantly and obtain the higher weld penetration with lower heat input.The observation may help in understanding the weld characteristics with respect to variation in the pulse current parameters which may be beneficial in using the novel HPVP-GTAW process to produce the better weld quality of aluminum alloy plates.     

Effect of pulse frequency on hardness characteristics of Al-Cu alloy HPVP-GTAW joints

AA 2219-O Al-Cu alloy single bead welds were obtained by hybrid ultrahigh frequency pulse variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding (HPVP-GTAW) process with pulse frequency varying from 25 kHz to 70 kHz. Weld hardness characteristics which mainly depicted by microhardness and its gradient were investigated systematically. The results show that pulse frequency has a great effect on the hardness characteristics. The weld zone microhardness and its gradient with different pulse frequency present an evident fluctuant trend. The fluctuation of gradient is slight, illustrating that the microstructure is uniform with pulse frequency varied from 35 kHz to 60 kHz. The fusion zone microhardness and its gradient follow the similar trends but fluctuate greatly. Maximum value of gradient appears around the fusion boundary due to the coarse and non-uniform microstructure. The maximum gradient at 60 kHz is only 25.5% of that at 45 kHz. According to the study, the best hardness characteristics are achieved at 60 kHz frequency.     

2519高强铝合金双丝GMAW焊接工艺

针对20 mm厚2519铝合金板,试验了大电流两道焊(DL)和小电流四道焊(XS)两种GMAW焊接工艺对焊缝成形和接头的力学性能的影响.结果表明,DL和XS焊接接头的抗拉强度都不足母材的60%,但DL接头的抗拉强度和伸长率比XS高而冲击韧度比XS低.综合DL和XS焊接工艺的优点,提出了新的大电流四道焊接工艺(DS).对接头的力学性能测试表明,DS焊接接头抗拉强度达到母材的61.2%,冲击韧度较DL焊接接头有所提升.DS焊缝区组织主要是α相和弥散分布的共晶组织;对接头进行硬度测试发现,焊缝区硬度最低,而由于θ相的重新固溶析出,热影响区硬度较焊缝区有明显提高.     

Effects of weld reinforcement on tensile behavior and mechanical properties of 2219-T87 aluminum alloy TIG welded joints

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded joints for 2219-T87 aluminum alloy are often used in the fuel tanks of large launch vehicles. Because of the massive loads these vehicles carry, dealing with weld reinforcement on TIG joints represents an important issue in their manufacturing and strength evaluation. Experimental and numerical simulation methods were used to investigate the effects of weld toe shape and weld toe position on the tensile behavior and mechanical properties of these joints. The simulation results indicated that the relative difference in elongation could be as large as 96.9% caused by the difference in weld toe shape. The joints with weld toes located in the weld metal or in the partially melted zone (PMZ) exhibited larger elongation than joints with weld toes located at the juncture of the weld metal and the PMZ.