基于脉冲电流参数的铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程控制

铝合金脉冲MIG焊弧长稳定性直接影响焊接过程稳定性及焊缝成形,为使其焊接过程稳定,获得高质量焊缝,通过焊接工艺试验研究了脉冲电流参数变化对弧长稳定性的影响规律,建立了铝合金脉冲MIG焊弧长与脉冲电流参数间的动态变化数学模型,并利用Matlab/Simulink软件进行了弧长对脉冲电流占空比、脉冲电流频率变化的动态响应仿真分析,同时进行了控制脉冲电流占空比、频率来稳定弧长的平板堆焊工艺试验研究.结果表明,所建立的数学模型能很好地反映铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程,通过调节脉冲电流占空比、频率参数可实现铝合金脉冲MIG焊稳定焊接,获得成形美观的焊缝.     

基于快速原型开发平台的铝合金脉冲MIG焊弧长控制

针对铝合金脉冲MIG焊接过程中电弧不稳定的情况,采用快速原型脉冲MIG焊电源开发平台进行弧长控制,并采用调节脉冲占空比和脉冲频率弧长控制方案,以平均电弧电压变化为反馈信号,设计了脉冲MIG焊电源开发平台过程的控制模块,进行铝合金脉冲MIG焊弧长的实时控制试验。结果表明,该控制系统具有良好的动态性能、抗干扰性能和稳态精度,可以快速、有效地控制弧长,焊接过程稳定,焊缝成形良好。     

TIG焊电弧辅助MIG焊引弧过程分析与机理探讨

在TIG-MIG复合焊中,先引燃的TIG焊电弧能够辅助MIG焊实现非接触引弧,且在整个非接触引弧过程中不产生焊接飞溅. 利用电信号与高速摄像同步采集系统获取MIG焊引弧过程的电弧电压、焊接电流和电弧图像,研究了先引燃的TIG焊电弧及其参数变化对MIG焊引弧过程及引弧方式的影响. 结果表明,细长放电通道形成于MIG焊丝末端与TIG焊电弧之间是TIG焊电弧辅助MIG焊实现非接触引弧的关键;TIG焊电弧辅助MIG焊实现非接触引弧对TIG焊接参数的变化具有良好的适应性. 此外,基于气体间隙击穿的流注理论,探讨了细长放电通道的形成过程,揭示了TIG焊电弧辅助MIG焊实现非接触引弧的机理.     

脉冲MAG焊弧长稳定性模糊控制的研究

针对脉冲MAG焊焊接时的电弧稳定性控制,采用峰值电压反馈方式,基于PFM调节机理实现脉冲波形的调制,研究了以基值时间Tb为控制量、峰值电弧电压Uf为被控制量,以查表方式实现的模糊控制器.最后通过试验验证,在焊接过程中弧长变化时所设计的模糊控制器可保持电弧的稳定,从而保证焊接过程的稳定.     

基于DSP的脉冲MIG焊数字控制系统

针对模拟控制系统和单片机控制系统灵活性差、控制精度低和可靠性差等缺点,设计了以数字信号处理器（DSP）TMS320LF2407A为核心的数字控制系统,介绍了系统的硬件电路设计和软件框图。同时,采用模糊控制方法对弧长进行闭环控制,以定脉宽调频率的PFM调节机理实现脉冲波形的调制。结果表明,基于DSP的脉冲MIG焊数字控制系统动态响应快、可靠性高、弧长控制稳定、焊缝成形良好,控制效果较常见的模拟控制和单片机控制好;应用模糊控制理论控制电弧,保证了焊接过程的稳定性,解决了脉冲M1G焊多参数的匹配和调节问题。     

变极性脉冲MIG焊接工艺

直流且焊丝为正极性的脉冲MIG焊，电孤稳定，焊缝熔深大，焊接薄板时，为了防止烧穿及熔池下塌。容易产生咬边等焊接缺陷。直流且焊丝为负极性的MIG焊，电弧沿焊丝上爬，电弧不稳定，熔滴不易过渡，焊接熔池浅，容易出现融合不良、凸焊道等焊接缺陷。变极性脉冲MIG焊，焊丝为正极性时控制焊丝熔化及熔滴过渡，焊丝为负极性时电弧沿焊丝上爬促进焊丝熔化及减小电弧对熔池的加热作用，减小焊缝熔深形成浅熔深的特性，焊接薄板具有独特优势，是MIG焊的最新研究进展。     

变极性脉冲MIG焊的控制

研究变极性脉冲MIC焊的主要目的是控制形成浅焯缝,高效焊接铝合金薄板变极性脉冲MIG蚌的控制系统由逆史控制系统和单片机控制系统构成。控制系统协调控制电弧极性、电弧稳定性、焊丝熔化及熔滴过渡、电弧电压等焊接参数,获得稳定的焊接过程。变极性脉冲MIG焊在电弧EP极性时,利用脉冲电流熔化焊丝、形成熔滴过渡,电弧EN极性时电弧沿焊丝端上爬,EN极性电孤促进焊丝熔化、减小电弧对熔池的加热作用,减小焊缝熔深,焊接薄板时其有独特优势。     

铝合金等离子-MIG复合焊接电弧行为

试验发现铝合金等离子-MIG复合焊中,等离子弧焊接电流为130 A,MIG焊接电流为180 A(基值电流95 A)时,基值时期的MIG电弧在等离子弧附近燃弧阻抗小,复合焊中MIG电弧电压在脉冲基值时期低于单独MIG焊,电荷流效应使MIG电弧在基值时期偏向等离子弧,偏向等离子弧方向的MIG电弧主要电离介质为氩气.当MIG...     

铝脉冲MIG焊亚射流过渡的自适应控制

针对铝脉冲MIG焊亚射流过渡区范围窄,不易控制的特点,提出了铝脉冲MIG焊亚射流过渡自适应控制思想.在所提出的控制思想中,设计了一个亚射流过渡区域,设置了该区域的电弧电压的上下限,电源根据电弧电压值来确定电弧电流的大小,自动将电弧的电流、电压控制在亚射流过渡区内,自动适应送丝速度的变化及弧长的波动.根据此控制思想,对于直径1.6 mm的铝焊丝选择此电压上下限的范围在14.5～22 V之间,选择焊接电流在30～235 A之间.所进行的脉冲焊接试验及高速摄像证明了对亚射流过渡过程的控制,得到了成形良好的焊缝,也较好地避免了焊接缺陷的产生.     

单电源双丝脉冲MIG焊交替燃弧的电弧行为

搭建了单电源并联并列式双丝脉冲MIG焊接工艺试验系统,在试验过程中采集了双路焊接电流及电压信号,并对焊接过程中的电弧行为与熔滴过渡过程进行了同步拍摄.应用上述试验系统,在实现稳定焊接过程的基础上,分别研究了焊丝间距,电弧电压两个因素对单电源并联并列式双丝脉冲MIG焊交替燃弧过程的影响.结果表明,随着焊丝间距增加,电弧电压增大,交替燃弧频率减小,交替现象显著.焊接过程中产生的带电粒子的行为方式是交替燃弧现象的重要影响因素.     

TIG电弧热丝对铜、钢堆焊的工艺研究

针对某产品铜带焊接工艺,提出了一种电弧热丝方式应用于TIG堆焊铜、钢工艺的研究。电弧热丝可有效预热低电阻率的焊接材料,如铜;传统的电阻热丝只能加热具有高电阻率的焊接材料,如钢。采用电弧热丝系统,热丝电流小于50A时即可有效预热焊丝,与电阻热丝电流400A相当。在相同焊接电流下,能够大大提高焊接熔敷速度;在相同送丝速度下,降低焊接电流,大大降低焊接设备功率。同时证明2种热丝加热方式对钢基体、铜合金的影响相同,特别是对堆焊层铜合金中泛铁量的影响相当。     

GMAW-P频率特性复合弧长适应控制法

为了提高GMAW-P焊接弧长控制的调节速度,减少弧长调节过程中脉冲频率、焊接电流的波动范围,提出了基于DSP数字控制脉冲熔化极气体保护焊接电源采用频率一特性复合弧长适应控制法.在焊接过程中通过实时采集电弧电压信号、焊接电流信号,当弧长发生扰动时,在当前脉冲周期内,以基值时间和给定电压为控制量,从而保证在弧长调节过程中脉冲频率的变化较小.台阶试验和爬坡试验表明,此控制方法的弧长调节过程快速、稳定,焊接电流、脉冲频率波动范围小,焊机具有良好的弧长调节性能.     

Arc stability estimation and fuzzy control for arc stabilisation in short circuit transfer mode of CO2 arc welding

Abstract

The purpose of the present work is to evaluate and control the arc stability in the short circuit transfer mode of CO₂ arc welding. The arc stability was investigated under different welding conditions, using the arc stability index developed by Mita et al., and a fuzzy control algorithm was developed. The correct parameters for the subset of fuzzy input/output variables were determined from the experimental results using a regression model. Simulations using the fuzzy controller with the selected parameters were performed. Application of the arc stability control in real welding showed convergent performance, similar to the result of the simulations. Also, when a step change in contact tip to work distance (CTWD) was introduced, the arc was initially unstable; however, it became stable within 6 s. Furthermore, when the CTWD was varied continuously, a stable arc was maintained even under conditions where the CTWD increased.     

旁路耦合微束等离子弧增材制造自适应高度控制系统

在xPC Target实时目标环境下,采用旁路耦合微束等离子弧进行增材堆垛试验,探究最大临界送丝速度、焊炬悬空高度和总电压等过程参数之间的关系.通过数据分析得到了送丝速度与总电压的回归模型,进一步在xPC Target系统中创建变送丝和电压反馈相结合的自适应高度调节控制模型,搭建了基于自适应高度调节的旁路耦合微束等离子弧增材制造控制系统,进行了在台阶形基板上的堆垛成形试验和单墙体零件自适应堆垛试验.结果表明,该控制系统能提高增材制造过程的稳定性;优化堆垛高度方向上的成形路径设计;实现复杂形状基板上金属零件的堆垛成形.     

广东省自然科学基金资助项目（S2012010009058）；深圳市基础研究基金资助项目（JCYJ20140509172609165）；深圳市科技应用示范资金资助项目（KJYY20140530172729046）

在阐述弧焊机器人焊接工艺的电弧特性的基础上,分析了电弧长度控制系统的原理,采用模块化建模思想建立弧焊机器人电弧控制系统模型。基于所建模型进行了焊接机器人恒压、恒流送丝模型集成、仿真与分析,通过对比普通PID控制算法和增益调整型模糊PID控制算法在弧焊机器人弧长控制中的效果的基础上,提出了一种有效的焊接机器人恒压、恒流送丝的控制算法。所建模型和弧长控制算法的研究对于弧焊机器人熔池深度智能化过程控制的进一步深入研究具有一定的参考价值。     

嵌入式系统控制双丝旁路耦合电弧MIG焊

采用嵌入式系统控制双丝旁路耦合电弧MIG焊进行了控制试验,开环状态焊接,主路电弧和旁路电弧的相互影响,旁路弧长不稳定,旁路电流会发生剧烈跳变,使焊接过程不稳定,存在焊接缺陷,焊缝成形差.基于弧压反馈的过程稳定性试验表明,嵌入式系统可以实时反馈旁路弧压,调整旁路送丝速度,控制旁路弧长稳定,确保焊接过程稳定;基于电流控制的过程稳定性试验表明,嵌入式系统可实时反馈旁路电流,判断电流变化趋势,对旁路电流进行适时调整,保证母材电流稳定.采用嵌入式控制系统同时控制旁路送丝和旁路电流,可保证焊接过程稳定进行,避免产生焊接缺陷,焊缝成形良好.     

The alternate wire-feed control in the automatic CO2 arc welding

In the automatic CO2 arc welding, the alteration of the vertical distance between the welding torch and the workpiece has a strong effect on the welding parameters such as welding current and voltage, with the result that the appearance and quality of weld are not steady. To weaken the influence of the distance alteration, a method is put forward in the paper. The method is that the alternate wire-feed control is used for compensating the welding current. On the basis of theoretical analysis, a static numerical model for alternate wire-feed control is established. The experiments show that the model-based regulation of the wire feed rate can compensate the welding current and ensure the appearance of weld. When the alteration of vertical distance between the torch and the workpiece is greater, not only is the wire feed rate regulated, but the output voltage of the power source is adjusted to ensure the appearance and quality of weld.     

新型低能量输入电弧焊接系统的研制

研制了由焊接电源和送丝系统两部分组成的低能量电孤焊接系统.焊接电源采用IGBT逆变技术,以数字信号处理器(DSP)TMS320F2812为控制核心;送丝系统以交流伺服电机作为送丝电机,通过软件设计了焊丝运动曲线.提出了专门的送丝控制和电流波形控制方案'通过焊接参数配合焊丝运动,实现了稳定的低能量焊接过程.试验结果表明'设计的低能量电孤焊接系统取得了一致性好的理想焊接电流、电压波形,焊缝成形美观,满足低能量焊接的要求.     

Optimization of submerged arc welding process parameters for overlay welding

In this work, we evaluated the influence of welding variables on weld beads applied by the submerged arc process (SAW) with conventional current, aiming future application in overlays against corrosion. Segments of steel API 5L Gr B pipe as substrate, a 1.13 mm-diameter electrode wire of nickel alloy, classification AWS ERNiCrMo-4 (Hastelloy C-276) as filler metal, and a flux neutral, basic and crowded were used. The variables voltage, wire feed speed and contact tip to work distance (CTWD) were analysed, with the remaining parameters constant by an experimental design with full factorial design in two-level and central points. Statistically significant and predictor mathematical models for response dilution and average current were obtained. However, for the response reinforcement/width, the model was characterized as statistically significant, but not predictive, and containing a lack of fit. The CTWD was the most significant variable reducing the dilution.     

Estimation of wire extension length using neural network in MIG welding

Measuring arc length is important to obtain good welding quality in spite of variation of torch height. Therefore, it is necessary to detect arc behaviour in the transient state in addition to the steady state. For this purpose, this paper proposes neural network models which output the present wire extension from the data relating to wire melting, such as welding current, current pickup voltage and wire feed rate in every sampling period. Since performance of the neural network model depends on threshold functions, authors investigate the performance of the neural network models based on both sigmoid function (SF) and radial base function (RBF).

To confirm the validity of these systems, fundamental experiments were carried out. The arc was directly observed and recorded as image data using a high-speed camera. The output data from the neural network were compared with the measured data, which were obtained from every captured image. It was found that the neural network model based on the RBF is useful than the SF to estimate the wire extension length in MIG welding because of better responses in the transient state and smaller steady state error.