CuMnNiSi钎料钎焊不锈钢接头组织性能研究

采用新型的Cu-Mn-Ni-Si钎料真空钎焊2Cr13不锈钢,研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对接头组织和室温力学性能的影响.结果表明:钎焊接头组织由钎缝中心区Cu-Mn基固溶体和钎缝界面反应区的(Fe,Ni,Mn)- Si化合物组成.随着钎焊温度的增加,钎缝界面处化合物层厚度减小,Cu-Mn基固溶体相应增多,接头室温剪切强度随之增加,在钎焊时间15min、钎焊温度1050℃时达到321 MPa.在钎焊温度1000℃时,接头室温剪切强度随着钎焊保温时间的延长先增加后降低,在钎焊保温时间30min时取得最大值305 MPa.     

Ni-34Ti钎料钎焊TiAl合金接头界面结构及性能

采用Ni-34Ti共晶钎料实现了TiAl合金的钎焊连接,分析了TiAl合金钎焊接头的界面结构,重点研究了钎焊温度对接头组织及性能的影响规律.结果表明,Ni-34Ti共晶钎料主要由TiNi相和TiNi3相组成,钎料熔点为1 120 ℃.不同钎焊温度下获得的接头界面组织均呈现对称特征,无气孔和裂纹等缺陷,接头中主要形成了TiNiAl2,B2,TiNiAl和TiNi2Al四种物相.Al元素在钎缝中的快速扩散,促进了钎缝中Ti-Ni-Al三元化合物的形成.钎焊温度为1 180 ℃保温10 min条件下,TiAl合金接头获得了最大的室温抗剪强度87 MPa.剪切过程中,裂纹容易在富含TiNi2Al相的区域产生和扩展,大量脆性TiNi2Al相的存在对接头的性能是有害的.     

颗粒增强复合钎料钎焊TiAl合金接头界面结构及性能

采用纳米Si3N4颗粒增强的AgCuTi复合钎料(AgCuTiC)实现了TiAl合金的钎焊连接.利用SEM,EDS及XRD等分析方法确定了TiAl/AgCuTiC/TiAl接头的典型界面结构为TiAl/AlCu2Ti/Ag(s,s)+TiN+ Al4Cu9+Ti5Si3.结果表明,钎焊过程中从TiAl母材溶入液相钎料的活性钛与复合钎料中纳米Si3N4颗粒发生反应,在钎缝中形成了细小的颗粒状TiN,Ti5Si3及Al4Cu9化合物增强的银基复合材料组织.银基复合材料的形成不仅提高了钎缝自身的强度,而且通过降低钎缝的线膨胀系数缓解了接头残余应力,并最终改善了钎焊接头的性能.当采用增强相含量为3％的AgCuTiC钎料在880℃保温5min条件下钎焊时,接头室温平均抗剪强度最高为278 MPa,比采用AgCuTi钎料提高40％.     

奥氏体不锈钢与纯铜的真空钎焊工艺研究

采用BAg72Cu共晶钎料对奥氏体不锈钢与纯铜的真空钎焊工艺进行研究.通过剪切试验、光学显微镜观察、扫描电镜及能谱分析等手段研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对钎焊接头组织和性能的影响.试验表明,钎缝中心区为AgCu共晶组织,两侧界面反应区为铜基固溶体,钎焊温度对钎焊接头的组织和性能影响明显,而保温时间对其影响不明显.当钎焊温度865℃、保温时间10min时,剪切强度最高,达到160 MPa.钎焊温度过低时,冶金作用较弱,接头强度较低;钎焊温度过高时,钎料流淌较多,接头强度也较低.以865℃为钎焊温度,改变保温时间,在10～45 min保温时间内接头的剪切强度变化不大.     

72Ag—28Cu钎焊TC4的接头组织及强度

在1103K，3min-30min条件下，使用72Ag-28Cu共晶钎料对TC4／TC4进行了钎焊试验。研究表明随钎焊时间增加，钎料中铜原子大量向界面迁移富集，母材Ti原子不断向钎缝溶解，在随后的冷却过程中产生共析转变并形成α—Ti Ti2Cu。试样加载1MPa，钎焊时间3min时接头常温拉伸强度为221MPa，延长钎焊时间接头强度呈增加趋势，30min时母材与钎缝界面模糊，此时强度最高达到373MPa，与不加载相比，强度平均增幅达80MPa左右。     

TiAl基合金与Ni基合金钎焊连接接头界面组织及性能

采用BNi2钎料实现了TiAl基合金与Ni基高温合金的钎焊。采用扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等手段对钎焊接头的界面组织结构及生成相进行分析,并对接头的抗剪强度进行测试。结果表明,钎焊接头的典型界面结构为：GH99/(Ni)ss (γ)+Ni3B+CrB+富Ti-硼化物/TiNi2Al/TiNiAl+Ti3Al/TiAl;随着钎焊温度的升高或保温时间的延长,较多的B和Si元素扩散进入两侧母材,导致钎缝中硼化物数量减少,而TiAl/钎缝界面的TiNi2Al和TiNiAl+Ti3Al金属间化合物层厚度增加;当钎焊温度为1050 ℃,保温时间为5 min时,接头的抗剪强度达到最大为205 MPa,接头主要断裂于TiNiAl金属间化合物层。当钎焊温度升高或保温时间继续延长时,TiNiAl厚度显著增加,导致接头强度下降     

真空钎焊温度对铝制油冷器钎缝组织性能的影响

对"渝-I"型铝制油冷器进行不同温度下的真空钎焊试验,利用水压检漏、氦气检漏、盐雾腐蚀、金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析等手段,研究钎焊温度对铝合金油冷器钎缝组织性能的影响。结果表明:炉膛设定钎焊温度为625℃,实际钎焊温度为605～618℃,钎焊保温时间约4min时,试件全部合格,焊缝质量较好,钎缝金相组织为初生α(Al)和α(Al)+Si共晶组织。     

母材微量元素对6063铝合金接触反应钎焊的影响

采用铜中间层对6063铝合金进行了接触反应钎焊连接,分析了接头的典型界面结构,着重研究了铝合金母材中微量元素对界面及接头力学性能的影响行为.结果表明,接头界面相主要有Al2Cu,α-Al,Mg2Si,ω-FeCu2Al7.Fe元素导致较高连接温度下ω-FeCu2Al7板条相的生成,影响接头强度.Mg,Si元素以Mg2Si形式富集在钎缝中心,并随保温时间的延长而加剧富集.接头抗剪强度受控于界面产物的种类及形貌、等温凝固的程度.在570℃/60min时接头平均抗剪切强度最高,可达105.3MPa.     

TiAl基合金与Ti合金的真空钎焊

采用Ag-Cu钎料与Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu钎料,对TiAl与Ti合金进行了真空钎焊试验,主要研究了采用两种钎料时的界面反应以及钎焊温度对界面组织及性能的影响.研究发现,采用Ag-Cu钎料时界面结构为:Ti/Ti(Cu,Al)2/TiCux Ag(s,s)/Ag(s,s)/Ti(Cu,Al)2/TiAl,当钎焊温度T=1 223 K,保温时间t=10 min时接头的剪切强度达到223.3 MPa;采用Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu钎料时在界面出现了Ti2Ni,Ti(Cu,Al)2等多种金属间化合物,当钎焊温度T=1 123 K,保温时间t=10 min时接头的剪切强度达到139.97 MPa.     

Ag37.5Cu48.8Zn5.5Mn8.2钎焊Cu3Ag0.5Zr合金接头组织和性能研究

制造氢氧催化燃烧换热器所用材料逐渐向高强高导铜合金过渡,而换热器翅片和隔板的钎焊关系到换热器的热效率、服役安全性和可靠性。本文就高强高导Cu3Ag0.5Zr合金翅片与隔板的钎焊展开研究。使用箔带Ag37.5Cu48.8Zn5.5Mn8.2作为钎料,对钎缝宽度为50-200 μm的Cu3Ag0.5Zr合金接头进行钎焊,钎焊温度为840℃-900℃,保温时间为5 min-20 min。通过水淬快速冷却的方法将保温阶段钎缝处固液界面形貌保留下来,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对接头钎缝组织和剪切断口形貌进行研究,利用万能力学试验机对接头剪切性能进行测试。研究表明：钎缝组织的形成经历了母材向钎料区溶解、富Cu相等温凝固和降温凝固三个阶段,形成了三种钎缝组织。分别为：富Ag相呈网状分布于母材和钎料区富Cu相之间、钎料区AgCu共晶组织、共晶组织和富铜相组成钎料区组织,另外CuZr相分布于界面区和钎料区,钎料区中Mn固溶于富Ag相和富Cu相中,其中CuZr相和Mn元素和接头剪切强度有一定的相关性,钎缝组织中的CuZr相对削弱了接头剪切强度,Mn元素则强化了接头剪切性能。钎焊温度、保温时间和钎缝宽度通过影响钎缝处钎焊组织、CuZr相和钎料区Mn元素含量,影响接头剪切性能。当钎缝宽度为100 μm,在870℃保温5 min时,接头剪切强度达到最大,为308.29 MPa。     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

Fe3O4/SiO2/Bi2WO6磁性复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

钨酸铋(Bi₂WO₆),结构最简单的Aurivillius相化合物,是近期受到研究者关注的新型光催化材料。然而,光催化剂粉末在反应介质中难被回收,工业化应用成本较高。本文用三步方法合成了可回收的Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆磁性复合光催化剂,通过溶剂热法合成具有磁性的Fe₃O₄,用溶胶凝胶法在Fe₃O₄表面覆盖SiO₂层,后将磁性颗粒与Bi₂WO₆纳米片相结合。光催化剂的形貌结构及性能通过XRD、SEM、PL、UV-vis进行表征测试。结果表明,直径约500 nm的Fe₃O₄微球附着在边长约500 nm的Bi₂WO₆纳米片的表面,SiO₂在两者之间起到了粘连作用。光催化剂Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆对于罗丹明B的光降解活性较好,且有一定磁性,可以通过外加磁场将其从溶液中分离,有较大的应用潜力。     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.     

Sol-gel synthesis of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 nanotubes

Ferroelectric Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) nanotubes were synthesized by sol-gel technique using nanochannel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). BLT nanotubes with diameter of around 240 nm and the wall thickness of about 25 nm exhibited a single orthorhombic perovskite structure and highly preferential crystal growth along the [1 1 7] orientation, which have smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters corresponding to the diameter of the applied template. The formation mechanism of BLT nanotubes was discussed.     

二维ZnO/ Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米异质结构的制备及其可见光催化活性

表面建造是提高半导体光催化活性的一种有效方法。本文利用Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6纳米片为基底沉积了BiVO4再通过煅烧成功制备了二维ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合纳米片。通过X射线衍射,透射电镜和元素映像技术表征了所制样品。结果显示随着锌与铋的原子比的上升,ZnO多孔片状的表面逐渐变成Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5物质。但其比例高于1:0.02时,在片状Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5的区域表面又生长出BiVO4纳米颗粒。漫反射光谱测试显示出ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合物随着锌与铋的原子比的上升其在400~600 nm可见光区的吸收逐渐增强。所制样品在可见光（波长大于420 nm）进行了光催化降解罗丹明B的测试,结果表明在所制样品中,锌与铋的原子比为1:0.0133的ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米片虽然其可见光的吸收并没有明显增强但却表现出最佳的光催化活性。荧光与电化学测试得出了低含量BZVO的ZnO纳米片可见光催化活性的提高主要是因为表面ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5异质结构提高了光生载流子的分离与传送。这种二维材料的表面建造有利于光催化的进行。因此,此法可应用于其它二维纳米材料的建造以提高光催化活性。     

Gd3+掺杂La2Mo2O9的相稳定性及热导率

La2Mo2O9具有极低的热导率,但其在580℃左右会发生α-β相变,严重影响其性能和应用。本实验以Gd203掺杂La2Mo2O9制备了一系列La2-xGdxMo2O9 (x=0.0~0.5)固溶体,研究了掺杂Gd3+对La2Mo2O9相稳定性和热导率的影响。结果表明,随着Gd3+掺杂量的增加,相变得到有效抑制,当x≥0.2时样品以β相存在。样品的热导率随Gd3+掺杂量的增加先减小后增加,室温下在x=0.2时达到最低,此后缓慢上升,但所有样品的热导率均小于1 W/(m·K)。     

Preparation and characteristic of spherical Li3V2(PO4)3

Spherical Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by using N₂H₄ as reducer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that single-phase, spherical and well-dispersed Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been successfully synthesized in our experimental process. Electrochemical behaviors have been characterized by charge/discharge measurements. The initial discharge capacities of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ were 123 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 132 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.     

Synthesis and characterization of Y3Al5O12 and ZrO2-Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings by combustion spray pyrolysis

Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ (8 mol% YSZ) coatings for potential application as thermal barrier coatings were prepared by combustion spray pyrolysis. Thermal cycling of as deposited coatings on stainless steel and FeCrAlY bond coat substrates was carried out at 1000 °C and 1200 °C to determine the thermal fatigue response. Structural and morphological studies on Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ coatings before and after thermal cycling have been carried out. It has been noted that the coatings on FeCrAlY substrates remain intact after 50 cycles between room temperature and 1200 °C, whereas the coatings on stainless steel show some minor damage such as peeling off near the periphery after 50 cycles at 1000 °C. Thermal diffusivity values of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ films were measured by using photo thermal deflection spectroscopy and the values are lower than those of coatings produced by conventional techniques such as EBPVD and APS.     

Low temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg0.7Zn0.3)0.95Co0.05TiO3 ceramics with BaCu(B2O5) additions

The effects of BaCu(B₂O₅) additives on the sintering temperature and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were investigated. The (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were not able to be sintered below 1000 °C. However, when BaCu(B₂O₅) were added, they were sintered below 1000 °C and had the good microwave dielectric properties. It was suggested that a liquid phase with the composition of BaCu(B₂O₅) was formed during the sintering and assisted the densification of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics at low temperature. BaCu(B₂O₅) powders were produced and used to reduce the sintering temperature of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics. Good microwave dielectric properties of Q × f = 35,000 GHz, ?_r = 18.5.0 and τ_f = −51 ppm/°C were obtained for the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics containing 7 wt.% mol% BaCu(B₂O₅) sintered at 950 °C for 4 h.     

FRICTION WELDING OF Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 BULK METALLIC GLASS

采用摩擦焊对Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀块体金属玻璃进行了焊接, 当焊机主轴转速为4.0×10³---5.0×10³ r/min, 摩擦压力为80---100 MPa, 摩擦时间为0.2---0.4 s, 顶锻压力和保压时间分别为200 MPa和2 s时, 能够成功实施Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀金属玻璃的焊接. 用SEM, XRD和TEM观察分析未检测到晶化相, 焊缝处金属仍保持非晶状态. 金属玻璃的塑性在玻璃转变点T_g附近随温度变化很大, 在T_g以上具有良好的塑性变形能力, 这是实施摩擦焊焊接的重要基础.