Fe—Cr—C系和Fe—Cr—C—Ni复合磁性材料

随着信息设备驱动装置向小型、节能化的发展 ,正期待着高性能Ｎｄ Ｆｅ Ｂ系各向异性磁体的开发。众所周知粘结永磁体较烧结永磁体密度小 ,磁性差 ,但可制成厚度薄的环形制品。采用各向异性磁粉可使磁体(ＢＨ) ｍ 提高 4倍。这种粉可采用ＨＤＤＲ(吸氢 -歧化 -脱氢 -再复合 )方     

Nd—Fe—B和Pr—Fe—B相图三维拓扑分析

利用三维拓扑构形分析方法.讨论确定了Nd—Fe—B三元相图1000℃截面上的相区关系.对Pr-Fe-B三元相图过Pr_2Fe_(14)B的垂直截面上的相区关系进行了讨论和必要的修正     

Cu—Ni—Si—Cr—Fe合金强化特性的研究

研究了Cu-Ni-Si-Cr-Fe合金的时效强化特性，结果表明，该合金在时效温度为450-500℃，时效时间3-4h的条件下可获得最佳强化效果，经600-700℃的高温时效处理，该合金仍能保持较高的硬度。     

Fe—Cu—Cr—V—Si—B三明治膜的巨磁阻抗效应

用射频溅射法制备了Cu夹层的Fe-Cu-Cr-V-Si-B三明治膜,在不同条件下对样品进行了退火处理,在最佳退火条件下,样品软磁特性得到明显改善,从而获得了优良的巨磁阻抗（GMI）效应,研究了GMI效应与交变电流频率f和外加直流磁场H关系,在5MHz的特征频率下,最大的横向阻抗比△ZH/Zm达91%。由于样品的三明治结构,横向磁阻抗比明显优于纵向。     

溅射Co—Cr—Al—Y涂层的结构

研究了平面磁控溅射Co-30Cr-6Al-0.5Y涂层的结晶组织及溅射参数对它的影响。结果表明,溅射层由hcp ε-Co或fcc α-Co钴固溶体与极少量βCoAl相组成。ε-Co在〈100〉,fcc α-Co在〈110〉方向有择优取向,晶体类型和择优取向程度与溅射条件有关。溅射时样品在靶前固定,则溅射层晶粒细,结构致密,表面光洁度好;样品在靶前旋转,则结果相反。     

大晶Nd—Ba—Cu—O超导体的制备

大晶REBa2Cu3Oδ(RE为稀土元素)超导体可做储能用飞轮或块状永磁体，有巨大工业应用潜力。为获得高的捕获磁场必须在提高Jc同时制出大尺寸晶粒材料，在REBa2Cu3Oδ块状超导体中，Y-Ba-Co-O(YBCO)系统已被充分研究并商品化，但由于其相对小的不可逆性磁场限制了捕获磁场的提高，而采用氧控制熔化生长工艺(OCMG)可在Nd-Ba-Cu-O (NdBCO)系统中获得更高的Tc和Jc，而且可有更高的不可逆场，只要在块状NdBCO材料中制备出大的晶粒，就能得到更高的捕获场，关键在于Nd-Ba置换下必须更严格地控制工艺条件，才能生产出高质量的NdBCO…     

Al—Zn—Li—Mg—Cu合金在433K的时效行为

采用透射电镜（TEM）和Vickers硬度计研究了Al-Zn-Li-Mg-Cu合金在433K的人工时效行为,结果表明,在等温时效动曲线上存在双阶硬化行为。第一阶段硬化起因子合金基体上沉淀析出的δ′相（AlLi） 时效强化效果来自δ′相;随着时效的进行,到达第二时效硬化峰,在合金基体上除了δ′相外,大量析出一种具有准晶结构的沉硬化相（命名为X相）,此时,时铲强化效果来处自δ′相和X相,在X相的周围存在无δ′相析出区,表明X相含有Li原子,X相呈棒状,棒的长轴与基体的＜110＞Al方向一致,EDS测试表明,X相富集Cu,Zn和Mg。     

钼-钴-硅混合粉末的机械合金化研究

采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及透射电镜研究了配比为Mo5-xCoxSi3(x=0．5，l，2)的混合粉末的机械球磨行为。结果表明：随球磨时间延长，混合粉末中首先形成Co，Si在Mo中的过饱和固溶体Mo(Co，Si)，高能球磨大大扩展了硅和钴在钼中的固溶度。进一步延长球磨时间，过饱和固溶体转变成为非晶。在球磨过程中，Mo(Co，Si)的晶粒不断细化，球磨至40h，晶粒尺寸约为8nm。球磨初期，内应力急剧增加。随球磨时间延长，混合粉末的颗粒尺寸增大，40h后，逐渐减小，且形状球化，100h后成为尺寸不超过100nm的球形粉末。     

Ultramicro molybdenum nitride powder prepared using high-energy mechanochemical method

Using the specially designed mechanochemical ball-mill equipment, ultramicro molybdenum nitride powders were prepared from pure molybdenum powders in ammonia atmosphere at room temperature by high-energy ball milling. The structure and the particle size of the powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the mass ratio of grinding media to powder was 8:1, after milling for 30h the Mo2N of fcc structure was obtained, and the average particle size of the powders was around 100 nm. It is found that the chemisorption of ammonia onto the fresh molybdenum surfaces created by milling was the predominant process during solid-gas reaction, and the energy input due to introduction of highly dense grain boundaries and lattice defects offered the activation energy for the transition from Mo-N chemisorption to molybdenum nitride. In addition, the change of Mo electronic undersaturation induced by the grain refining accelerated the bonding between Mo and N. The mechanism model of whole nitriding reaction was given. During the high-energy ball milling processing, the rotational speed of milling played a critical role in determining the overall reaction speed.     

Structural and magnetic properties of nanostructured Fe50(Co50)-6.5 wt% Si powder prepared by high energy ball milling

This work investigates the effects of 6.5 wt% Si addition and milling times on the structural and magnetic properties of Fe₅₀Co₅₀ powders. For this purpose, at first the elemental Fe and Co powders were milled for 10 h to produce Fe₅₀Co₅₀ alloy and then Si was added and the new product was milled again for different times. The microstructural and magnetic properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that the minimum crystallite size of the as-milled powders (∼12 nm) has been achieved after introducing Si and milled for 8 h (total milling time of 18 h). Also an amount of 188 emu/g has been achieved for M_s. This amount of M_s is higher than most of those which have been already reported for M_s of different Fe-Si systems.     

高能球磨制备Al-Pb-Si-Sn-Cu纳米晶粉末的特性

通过机械合金化制备了Al-15％Pb-4％Si-1％Sn-1．5％Cu(质量分数)纳米晶粉末。采用X射线衍射(XRD)，扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对不同球磨时间的混合粉末的组织结构、晶粒大小、微观形貌以及颗粒中化学成分分布情况进行了研究。结果表明混合粉末经过球磨后形成了纳米晶，其组织非常均匀。球磨对Pb的作用效果明显大于对Al的作用效果，经过40h球磨后Pb粒子达到40nm，而Al在球磨60h后晶粒为65nm；经球磨后，Cu和Si固溶于Al的晶格中，而Sn则固溶于Pb晶格中，并且Al和Pb发生了互溶，形成了Pb(Al）超饱和固溶体；在球磨过程中硬度高的脆性粒子Si难于完全实现合金化。     

Mechanical alloying behaviors of Mo-Si-B-based alloy from elemental powders under different milling conditions

Elemental powder mixtures with the composition of Mo-12Si-10B-3Zr-0.3Y(at%)were milled in a planetary ball mill using hardened stainless-steel milling media under argon atmosphere.Effects of milling time,milling speed,process control agent,ball-to-powder ratio and milling ball size on the mechanical alloying processes were investigated from the points of morphology,internal structure,grain size,microstrain,phase constituent and issolution of solute atoms.It is shown that under all conditions,the microstructural evolutions of mechanically milled powder particles are similar.The morphological evolution can roughly be divided into five stages:individual particle,irregular blocky composite particle,flakeshaped particle,agglomerate and single particle.The internal structure generally undergoes five stages:individual particle,coarse lamellar structure,fine lamellar structure,non-uniformly mixed structure and plum-pudding structure.Regardless of exceptional cases,the grain size of Moss decreases and its microstrain increases with the increase in milling time.Si and Zr atoms are dissolved into Mo gradually with the progress of milling.However,the evolutionary rates change significantly with milling conditions.The most significant influencing factor among different milling conditions is the input power from the mill to the powders,which plays a decisive role in the milling process.     

AMORPHIZATION TRANSFORMATION BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING IN THE Mo-Si SYSTEM

1.IntroductionInrecelltyears,MoSiZhasattractedconsiderableattentionasapotentialhigh-temperaturestructuralmaterial.Thecombinationofhighmeltingpoint(2030"C),moderatedensity(6.24gcm--'),excellentoxidationresistance,andhighmodulusatelevatedtemperaturemakesMoSiZoneofthemostpromisingmatrixphasetobeusedattemperaturesupto1600oC[l].Anothermolybdenumsilicide,Mo5Si3,hasbeenproposedasapotentialreinforcementforMoSt,[1,2].AmongawidevarietyofprocessingtechniquesutilizedtosynthesizeMoSt2,mechanicalalloy…     

Microstructural evolution of mechanically alloyed Mo–Si–B–Zr–Y powders

Elemental powder mixtures with compositions of Mo–13.8Si, Mo–20B and Mo–12Si–10B–3Zr–0.3Y (at.%) were respectively milled in a high energy planetary ball mill at a speed of 500 rpm. Microstructural evolution of powder particles during milling processes was evaluated. The results show that B can hardly be dissolved into Mo under present milling conditions and the additions of B and Si both accelerate the refining rate of Mo crystallites. For Mo–12Si–10B–3Zr–0.3Y system, the morphology and internal structure of powder particles change significantly with milling time. After 40 h of milling, an almost strain-free super-saturated molybdenum solid solution with a grain size of about 6.5 nm forms. The grain refinement mechanism and dissolution kinetics of solute atoms are highlighted. Both thermodynamic calculation and experimental results reveal that for the present alloy composition it is more favorable to form solid solution than amorphous phase.     

Nanophase intermetallic FeAl obtained by sintering after mechanical alloying

The preparation of bulk nanophase materials from nanocrystalline powders has been carried out by the application of sintering at high pressure. Fe–50 at.%Al system has been prepared by mechanical alloying for different milling periods from 1 to 50 h, using vials and balls of stainless steel and a ball-to-powder weight ratio (BPR) of 8:1 in a SPEX 8000 mill. Sintering of the 5 and 50 h milled powders was performed under high uniaxial pressure at 700 °C. The characterization of powders from each interval of milling was performed by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. After 5 h of milling formation of a nanocrystalline α-Fe(Al) solid solution that remains stable up to 50 h occurs. The grain size decreases to 7 nm after 50 h of milling. The sintering of the milled powders resulted in a nanophase-ordered FeAl alloys with a grain size of 16 nm. Grain growth during sintering was very small due to the effect of the high pressure applied.     

Microstructure and properties of ultra-fine tungsten heavy alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and electric current activated sintering

The microstructure and properties of the 93W-4Ni-2Co-1Fe(mass fraction,%) tungsten heavy alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and electric current activated sintering from mixed elemental powders were investigated.After 15 h milling,the average W grain size in the powders is decreased to 120 nm.For the powders milled for 15 h,the density,hardness and transverse rupture strength of the alloys sintered only by an intensive pulse electric current are the maximum.When the total sintering time keeps constant,t...     

高能球磨法制备纳米晶Ni粉的研究

采用高能球磨法制备出了纳米晶镍粉,并利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）等分析检测手段,研究了该纳米晶镍粉末的结构、形貌和相的变化。结果表明,镍粉末平均粒度和晶粒度随球磨时间增加不断减小,而应变随球磨时间增加不断增大;当高能球磨54h后,球磨产物为FCC结构的鳞片状多晶体,晶粒度为17nm左右,应变为0.48%,颗粒尺寸为150～200nm;球磨时间增加至98h,产物中出现非晶相,但仍以多晶为主,晶粒尺寸为7nm,应变为1.24%,粉末团聚严重。