Homogeneity of Hcj in Sintered Bulk Nd-Fe-B Magnets

High performance magnets not only have high magnetic properties, but also have good homogeneity. The homogeneous of Nd14.2DyxAl0.8Cu0.1B6.2Febal. bulk magnets was studied. The sizes of the samples produced by conventional sintering process were 53×50.5×25.3/40.2/50.4/61.0 mm. The magnetic character and microstructure of the samples were determined by NIM-10000H hysteresigraph, optical metaloscope, and SEM respectively. The results show that the Hcj reduces with increasing C content at the same process parameters. And the Hcj shows dependence not only on the ageing processing but also on the size of the bulk and loading capacity etc. The Hcj increases with prolonging ageing time and the ageing time should be different with different size of the bulk. With the increase of the loading capacity, the Hcj reduces promptly and is very inhomogeneous. The microstructure of the samples shows that the grain of the hard magnetic phase is finer and the neodymium-rich boundary is distributed homogeneously with prolonging ageing time. And so is the sample in a small amount of the bulks.     

Grain Growth Behavior in Sintered Nd-Fe-B Magnets

The Nd2Fe14B grain growth behavior in sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets was quantitatively described.The effects of sintering temperature and time,and alloy powder size and its distribution on grain growth process were analyzed.Hence,possible grain growth mechanisms in these magnets were qualitatively discussed.The Nd2Fe14B grain growth proceeded at quite a high rate in the initial 0~1 h of sintering and from then onwards the grain growth rate decreased.A large average particle size or a wide particle size distribution of initial alloy powders was found to remarkably accelerate the grain growth process and even result in the occurrence of abnormal grain growth.On the basis of experimental results,two grain growth mechanisms were considered to operate during sintering of Nd-Fe-B magnets,that is,dissolution and re-precipitation of Nd2Fe14B particles,and Nd2Fe14B particle growth by coalescence.It was believed that Nd2Fe14B particle growth by coalescence not only produced a large average grain size and a wide grain size distribution,but also was the fundamental reason for the formation of abnormally large grains in the microstructure of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.     

加剂方式对烧结钕铁硼磁体磁性能的影响

钕铁硼永磁材料在民用、航空航天等众多领域得到广泛的应用.高档次烧结钕铁硼磁体具有良好的市场前景.商业磁体多是由大块烧结毛坯切割而成,磁性能一致性是市场的基本要求之一,润滑剂等化学试剂和磁粉混合不均匀是影响一致性的一个重要因素.钕铁硼磁粉化学性质活泼、容易氧化,制粉的全过程都在氮气气氛下进行,没有合适的设备,想均匀加入化...     

Study on Key Techniques for Producing High Performance NdFeB Sintered Permanent Magnets

ＮｄＦｅＢｍａｇｎｅｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄｄｒａ ｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙｓｉｎｃｅｉｔｗａｓｉｎｖｅｎｔｅｄｉｎ 1 983 .Ｔｗｏｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｓｉｎｔｅｒｅｄｍａｇｎｅｔｓ ,ｈｉｇｈｅｎｅｒｇｙｐｒｏｄ ｕｃｔｓ ((ＢＨ ) ｍａｘ)ａｎｄｄｏｕｂｌｅｈｉｇｈ (ｈｉｇｈ(ＢＨ ) ｍａｘａｎｄｈｉｇｈｃｏｅｒｃｉｖｉｔｙ (ｉＨｃ) )ａｒｅｔｈｅｔｗｏｔｅｎｄｅｎｃｉｅｓｆｏｒＮｄＦｅＢｓｉｎｔｅｒｅｄｍａｇｎｅｔｓ .Ｂｏｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒｉｅｓａｎｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓａｒｅｆｏｃｕｓ…     

Investigation of Abnormal Grain Growth in Sintered Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnet

The abnormal growth of grains of sintering Nd13.6 Dy0.4 Fe79.5 B6.5 magnets were investigated in low oxygen manufacturing process.The abnormal growth of grains occurs easily when the sintering temperature is higher than 1080℃ during the manufacture process.In the magnets, the oxygen content is less than 700 × 10-6 and the average particle size of powder is smaller than 4 μm.The squareness of demagnetization curve of magnet is deteriorated.For high performance magnets, the abnormal growth grain should be avoided by selecting a suitable sintering temperature.     

Influence of Solidification Rate on Microstructures of Cast Strips and Corresponding Sintered NdFeB Magnets

The influences of solidification rate on the microstructures of cast strips and corresponding sintered NdFeB magnets were investigated. The experimental results show that the volume fraction and size of columnar grains vary with the wheel speed V, and the fraction is highest to more than 90% with 3.5 μm in average width at V＝2 m·s-1. The reasons for the improved magnetic performance were discussed based on the micromagnetic theory and microstructure analyses of the strips and sintered magnets. The magnetic properties of sintered NdFeB magnets made from the (Nd,Dy)13.0(Fe,Ga,Al)80.5B6.5 cast strip which was obtained at V=2 m·s-1 are as follows: Br=1.15 T(11.25 kG), iHc=2799 kA·m-1 (35.2 kOe) and (BH)max=242 kJ·m-3(30.35 MGOe).     

Recycle for Sludge Scrap of Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnet as Isotropic Bonded Magnet

The reduction diffusion method was performed for the sludge scrap of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with adding Ca metal to recover the oxidized Nd-Fe-B phase. After washing the resultant powders to remove Ca metal component, the powders obtained were recycled as an isotropic magnetic powder by the melt spinning method. The magnetic properties of powders as recycled were inferior, especially for the coercivity value, due to the deletion of rare earth metals during the washing process. The adjustment of metal composition, i.e., the addition of Nd metal, at the melt spinning process improved the magnetic properties to be Br=～0.75 T, Hcj=～0.93 mA·m-1, and(BH)max=～91 kJ·m-3. The magnetic properties of the bonded magnets prepared from the composition-adjusted powders were Br=～0.66 T, Hcj=～0.92 mA·m-1, and(BH)max=～70 kJ·m-3, which are approximately comparable to the commercially available MQPB boned one(Br=～0.73 T, Hcj=～0.79 mA·m-1, and(BH)max=～86 kJ·m-3).     

Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Anisotropic Nd-Fe-B Magnets Fabricated by Single-Stage Hot Deformation

Anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets were fabricated by the single stage hot deformation (SSHD) method. The magnetic properties of the anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets are as follows: the maximum energy product is 234.7 kJ·m-3, remanence 1.16 T and coercivity 684.3 kA·m-1. A study of the relationship between microstructure and magnetic properties for the anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets was carried out. The results show that the grains of Nd2Fe14B have grown up preferentially along the direction perpendicular to the pressing direction.     

Industrialization of High Performance Sintered NdFeB Magnets

Sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet was manufactured by advanced equipment via a SC (Strip casting) technology.It has integrative performance.     

晶界扩散Tb对烧结Nd-Fe-B组织与磁性能的影响

用磁控溅射法在烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体表面沉积Tb金属薄膜并进行晶界扩散处理,对比经不同热扩散温度及时间处理后的磁体组织和磁性能变化.结果 表明,925℃×10 h+500℃×2 h为最佳晶界扩散工艺,可将磁体矫顽力提高到1630.9 kA· m-1,较原始磁体提升50％,同时剩磁和磁能积无明显下降,磁体仍具有较高的退磁...     

Effect of niobium on thermal stability and impact toughness of Nd-Fe-B magnets with ultra-high intrinsic coercivity

The effects of Nb on the thermal stability and impact toughness of ultra-high intrinsic coercivity of Nd-Fe-B magnets were investigated.The results showed that the addition of Nb could improve the thermal stability,and obviously increased the impact toughness of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.The optimum thermal stability of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets was obtained when the content of Nb was 1.0 at.%.The maximum impact toughness of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets was obtained when the content of Nb was 1.5 at.%,but the magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets drastically deteriorated when the content of Nb increased from 1.0 at.% to 1.5 at.%.The microstructure showed that overfull Nb addition made many ultra-fine grains get together,which led to the density of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets decline and drastically deteriorated the magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.     

Microstructural investigation of Nd-rich phase in sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets through electron microscopy

The distribution, morphologies and structures of intergranular Nd-rich phase in sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets were studied through electron microscopy. Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging revealed that Nd-rich particles with various morphologies and sizes were randomly distributed at the grain boundaries and the triple junctions of the tetragonal Nd2Fe14B matrix. Through selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis under a systematic tilting condition, most intergranular Nd-rich phase particles, with sizes ranging from hundreds of nanometres to several micrometres, were identified as face-centred cubic (FCC) structure. Such particles possessed several approximate orientation relationships with their adjacent Nd2Fe14B matrix grains, such as (002) Nd2Fe14B//(200) FCC_Nd-rich [120] Nd2Fe14B//[001] FCC_Nd-rich , (002) Nd2Fe14B//( 220 ) FCC_Nd-rich [110] Nd2Fe14B//[112] FCC_Nd-rich , as well as (011) Nd2Fe14B//(131) FCC_Nd-rich [111] Nd2Fe14B//[114] FCC_Nd-rich , which could be attributed to minimising interfacial energy. The combination of highresolution electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed the internal inhomogeneous nature of Nd-rich phases. The large lattice distortion and nanoscale-ordered structures within a single Nd-rich grain were observed.     

烧结钕铁硼磁体的开发与应用

本文介绍了烧结钕铁硼 ( Nd- Fe- B)磁体的开发现状 ,并概述了国内外生产与市场应用。     

Magnetic Properties of Ga Doped Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnets

The magnetic properties of Nd_(16)Fe_(77)B_7 and Nd_(16)Fe_((61-x))Co_(16)Ga_xB_7(x=0,1,2,4,7)have been measured.Itis found that the remanent magnetization(Br),maximum energy product(BH)_(max)and the Curie temperature(T_c)decrease with the increase of Ga content.The coercive force(He)increases with the increase of Ga contentwhen x is less than 2,but decreases when x>2.At x=2,the coercive force reaches its maximum value.It is alsofound in all the samples investigated that there is a linear relationship between H_c~(1/2)and T~(2/3),which can not beexplained by Gaunt's wall barrier model.The temperature dependence of the calculated values of H_v and(4bf)has been discussed.     

Nd-Fe-B磁体热等静压烧结的实验研究

研究了热等静压烧结对Nd-Fe-B磁体的致密度、显微组织及磁性能的影响.结果表明:与常压烧结磁体相比,热等静压烧结磁体的内部存在较多的孔洞,致密度、晶粒取向度及磁性都有所降低.用加热Ar气热膨胀而产生热等静压进行烧结的办法不适于制造高性能的烧结磁体.     

烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的温度稳定性缺陷分析

采用SEM、EDAX及粒度分析手段,研究了烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体开路磁通不可逆损失(hirr)异常偏高的原因。结果表明,磁体显微组织中晶粒尺寸分布不均匀及存在少量粗大晶粒,是导致其温度稳定性缺陷的主要因素,表现为少数产品hirr异常偏高。在磁体工业生产过程中,改进原料的铸锭和制粉技术,避免出现粗大粉末颗粒,减少极细粉末颗粒的数量,保证磁体显微组织精细均匀,是制备温度稳定性高的烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的基本措施。     

Magnetic Properties of Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnet Powders Recovered by Yb Metal Vapor Sorption

Fine ground powders of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet bulks(particle size=46～125 μm in diameter) were coated and alloyed with Yb metal by sorbing them. A significant recovery of the decreased magnetic properties of the ground powders(remanence Br=～0.95 T, coercivity Hcj =～227 kA·m-1 and maximum energy product(BH)max=～48.8 kJ·m-3) was observed in accordance with increasing temperature up to 800 ℃. The sorbing temperature and time for Yb metal vapor were optimized and after heating at 800 ℃ for 90 min and annealing subsequently at 610 ℃ for 60 min, the Br, Hcj and(BH)max values were increased to be 0.98 T, 712 kA·m-1 and 173 kJ·m-3, respectively. From the microstructural characterizations of resulting samples by using X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and electron probe X-ray microanalyzer(EPMA), it is found that the sorbed Yb metal uniformly covers the surface and diffuses to the Nd-rich grain boundary of fine ground powders of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet bulks forming a(Nd,Yb)Fe2 phase.     

NdFeB系永磁体的矫顽力

根据TEM观察,建立了三元烧结NdFeB系永磁体的显微结构模型。运用微磁学理论对矫顽力模型作了计算,并讨论了Nd₂Fe₁₄B晶粒和NdFeB系永磁体的矫顽力。提出了烧结NdFeB系永磁体Nd₂Fe₁₄B晶粒的外延壳磁硬化理论和提高其矫顽力的途径。     

钆对烧结钕铁硼磁体磁性能和相结构的影响

通过电弧炉冶炼合金,采用球磨制粉,在磁场下取向成型,真空烧结和热处理制备了Nd17-xRxFe76.5B6.5磁体,研究了在钕铁硼永磁体中用稀土Gd部分地代替钕时对永磁体的磁性能随Gd含量的变化。实验结果表明:在一定的烧结及热处理工艺条件下,Nd17-xRxFe76.5B6.5磁体在Gd含量小于5%(原子分数)时,Gd对磁体的剩磁和内禀矫顽力影响相对较小,当Gd含量5%时,磁体磁性能急剧下降。显微成分分析表明,在合金铸态下,Gd可抑制合金的α-Fe相的析出;在磁体中,Gd进入主相是降低磁体矫顽力的主要原因。     

Structure and magnetic properties of bulk nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets prepared by hot pressing and hot deformation

Structure and magnetic properties were studied for bulk nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets that were prepared at 650 °C for 3 min under 300 MPa using the SPS-3.20-MK-V sintering machine and the hot pressed magnets were then submitted to hot deformation with height reduction of 50%,60%,70%,80%,and 85%.Effects of height reduction(HR) and deformation temperature on the structure and magnetic properties of the magnets were investigated.The crystal structure was evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and the microstructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The magnetic properties of the magnets were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).As the height reduction increased,the remanence(B r) of the magnets increased first,peaks at 1.3 T with HR=60%,then decreased again,and the coercivity(H ci) of the magnets decreased monotonically.On the other hand,as the deformation temperature increased,the B r of the magnets increased first,peaks at 1.36 T with HR=60%,then decreased again,and the H ci of the magnets decreased monotonically.Under optimal conditions,the hot deformed magnet possessed excellent magnetic properties as B r =1.36 T,H ci =1143 kA/m,and(BH) max =370 kJ/m 3,suggesting the good potential of the magnets in practical applications.