基于眼到手视觉伺服的移动机器人模型预测控制

针对具有速度约束的移动机器人视觉轨迹跟踪问题,提出了一种基于LOQO内点法的模型预测控制方法;在眼到手框架下,首先建立了移动机器人误差模型,并对该误差模型进行离散化,给出了移动机器人视觉伺服跟踪的代价函数;同时考虑到实际中移动机器人存在速度约束问题,将代价函数的最小化问题转换为带输入约束的模型预测控制问题;然后采用障碍函数法将移动机器人的速度约束转化为等式约束并采用拉格朗日乘子法引入到代价函数中;进而,利用LOQO内点法求解具有速度约束的最小化问题,得到基于视觉的轨迹跟踪控制器;最后,通过仿真验证了所提算法的有效性和优越性.     

Nash-based robust distributed model predictive control for large-scale systems

In this paper, a new robust distributed model predictive control (RDMPC) is proposed for large-scale systems with polytopic uncertainties. The time-varying system is first decomposed into several interconnected subsystems. Interactions between subsystems are obtained by a distributed Kalman filter, in which unknown parameters of the system are estimated using local measurements and measurements of neighboring subsystems that are available via a network. Quadratic boundedness is used to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system. In the MPC algorithm, an output feedback-interaction feedforward control input is computed by an LMI-based optimization problem that minimizes an upper bound on the worst case value of an infinite-horizon objective function. Then, an iterative Nash-based algorithm is presented to achieve the overall optimal solution of the whole system in partially distributed fashion. Finally, the proposed distributed MPC approach is applied to a load frequency control (LFC) problem of a multi-area power network to study the efficiency and applicability of the algorithm in comparison with the centralized, distributed and decentralized MPC schemes.     

信息物理环境下不确定系统的随机分布式预测控制

针对信息物理系统环境下可能发生的信息丢包问题,提出一种随机分布式预测控制的分析与设计方法.考虑控制器端到执行器端的传输丢包,采用马尔科夫过程对这一丢包过程进行描述.通过对马尔科夫跳变的线性模型进行增广,研究一种具有随机丢包不确定系统的分布式预测控制方法;将系统分解成多个子系统进行描述,研究基于最小最大化优化的分布式预测控制器设计方法,并提出基于迭代交互的子控制器协调算法.将随机分布式预测控制算法在实际电机系统中进行仿真测试,以验证所提出方法的有效性.     

通讯信息约束下具有全局稳定性的分布式系统预测控制

本文针对一类由状态相互耦合的子系统组成的分布式系统, 提出了一种可以处理输入约束的保证稳定性的非 迭代协调分布式预测控制方法(distributed model predictive control, DMPC). 该方法中, 每个控制器在求解控制率时只与 其它控制器通信一次来满足系统对通信负荷限制; 同时, 通过优化全局性能指标来提高优化性能. 另外, 该方法在优化 问题中加入了一致性约束来限制关联子系统的估计状态与当前时刻更新的状态之间的偏差, 进而保证各子系统优化问 题初始可行时, 后续时刻相继可行. 在此基础上, 通过加入终端约束来保证闭环系统渐进稳定. 该方法能够在使用较少 的通信和计算负荷情况下, 提高系统优化性能. 即使对于强耦合系统同样能够保证优化问题的递推可行性和闭环系统的 渐进稳定性. 仿真结果验证了本文所提出方法的有效性.     

多机器人系统中的机器人运动控制

针对多机器人系统中机器人运动控制的要求和特点,提出了基于Server+IPC+PLC架构的移动机器人运动控制系统方案,解决了系统互连中存在的一些问题。建立移动机器人的运动学模型,设计基于分解运动速度控制的机器人运动轨迹跟踪算法,并通过仿真研究验证算法的有效性。     

Distributed model predictive control for polytopic uncertain systems subject to actuator saturation

In this paper, we present a distributed model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for polytopic uncertain systems subject to actuator saturation. The global system is decomposed into several subsystems. A set invariance condition for polytopic uncertain system with input saturation is identified and a min–max distributed MPC strategy is proposed. The distributed MPC controller is designed by solving a linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) optimization problem. An iterative algorithm is developed for making coordination among subsystems. Case studies are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

A 3-level autonomous mobile robot navigation system designed by using reasoning/search approaches

This paper describes how soft computing methodologies such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence can be applied in a mobile robot navigation system. The navigation system that is considered has three navigation subsystems. The lower-level subsystem deals with the control of linear and angular volocities using a multivariable PI controller described with a full matrix. The position control of the mobile robot is at a medium level and is nonlinear. The nonlinear control design is implemented by a backstepping algorithm whose parameters are adjusted by a genetic algorithm. We propose a new extension of the controller mentioned, in order to rapidly decrease the control torques needed to achieve the desired position and orientation of the mobile robot. The high-level subsystem uses fuzzy logic and the Dempster–Shafer evidence theory to design a fusion of sensor data, map building, and path planning tasks. The fuzzy/evidence navigation based on the building of a local map, represented as an occupancy grid, with the time update is proven to be suitable for real-time applications. The path planning algorithm is based on a modified potential field method. In this algorithm, the fuzzy rules for selecting the relevant obstacles for robot motion are introduced. Also, suitable steps are taken to pull the robot out of the local minima. Particular attention is paid to detection of the robot’s trapped state and its avoidance. One of the main issues in this paper is to reduce the complexity of planning algorithms and minimize the cost of the search. The performance of the proposed system is investigated using a dynamic model of a mobile robot. Simulation results show a good quality of position tracking capabilities and obstacle avoidance behavior of the mobile robot.     

基于信息物理系统的多分拣移动机器人调度策略

研究基于信息物理系统建模的多分拣移动机器人(multi-SMR)调度策略.首先,在基于实际应用场景的拓扑地图建模中加入新的路径弧时间损耗指标,以实现对货物不均匀比例和多机器人拥堵状态的精确估计;其次,提出一种改进的启发式路径规划算法,并在路径评估过程中增加目的地距离和时间损耗指标;最后,将完整的调度过程以分层式结构部署在信息物理系统模型中,包括控制层的时间损耗指标更新、交通管制监测,以及物理层的分布式路径规划和机器人状态更新.仿真实验结果表明,改进的调度策略可以进一步提升系统分拣效率,降低计算成本,有效解决机器人拥堵和安全问题.     

Non-fragile observer-based output feedback control for polytopic uncertain system under distributed model predictive control approach

In this paper, a non-fragile observer-based output feedback control problem for the polytopic uncertain system under distributed model predictive control (MPC) approach is discussed. By decomposing the global system into some subsystems, the computation complexity is reduced, so it follows that the online designing time can be saved.Moreover, an observer-based output feedback control algorithm is proposed in the framework of distributed MPC to deal with the difficulties in obtaining the states measurements. In this way, the presented observer-based output-feedback MPC strategy is more flexible and applicable in practice than the traditional state-feedback one. What is more, the non-fragility of the controller has been taken into consideration in favour of increasing the robustness of the polytopic uncertain system. After that, a sufficient stability criterion is presented by using Lyapunov-like functional approach, meanwhile, the corresponding control law and the upper bound of the quadratic cost function are derived by solving an optimisation subject to convex constraints. Finally, some simulation examples are employed to show the effectiveness of the method.     

A Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition algorithm for linear economic model predictive control of dynamically decoupled subsystems

This paper presents a warm-started Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition algorithm tailored to economic model predictive control of dynamically decoupled subsystems. We formulate the constrained optimal control problem solved at each sampling instant as a linear program with state space constraints, input limits, input rate limits, and soft output limits. The objective function of the linear program is related directly to the cost of operating the subsystems, and the cost of violating the soft output constraints. Simulations for large-scale economic power dispatch problems show that the proposed algorithm is significantly faster than both state-of-the-art linear programming solvers, and a structure exploiting implementation of the alternating direction method of multipliers. It is also demonstrated that the control strategy presented in this paper can be tuned using a weighted ℓ₁-regularization term. In the presence of process and measurement noise, such a regularization term is critical for achieving a well-behaved closed-loop performance.     

Kinematic path‐tracking of mobile robot using iterative learning control

This paper develops a kinematic path‐tracking algorithm for a nonholonomic mobile robot using an iterative learning control (ILC) technique. The proposed algorithm produces a robot velocity command, which is to be executed by the proper dynamic controller of the robot. The difference between the velocity command and the actual velocity acts as state disturbances in the kinematic model of the mobile robot. Given the kinematic model with state disturbances, we present an ILC‐based path‐tracking algorithm. An iterative learning rule with both predictive and current learning terms is used to overcome uncertainties and the disturbances in the system. It shows that the system states, outputs, and control inputs are guaranteed to converge to the desired trajectories with or without state disturbances, output disturbances, or initial state errors. Simulations and experiments using an actual mobile robot verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed learning algorithm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Distributed nonlinear model predictive control based on contraction theory

A novel distributed model predictive control algorithm for continuous‐time nonlinear systems is proposed in this paper. Contraction theory is used to estimate the prediction error in the algorithm, leading to new feasibility and stability conditions. Compared to existing analysis based on Lipschitz continuity, the proposed approach gives a distributed model predictive control algorithm under less conservative conditions, allowing stronger couplings between subsystems and a larger sampling interval when the subsystems satisfy the specified contraction conditions. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed approach.     

动态滑模控制及其在移动机器人输出跟踪中的应用

针对轮式移动机器人的输出跟踪问题,提出一种动态滑模控制方法,首先给出机器人的动力学简化模型,然后将其分解成两个低阶子系统,并给出其输出跟踪的动态滑模控制器设计方法,仿真试验表明该方法能明显地削弱滑模控制系统的抖振。     

WSNs网络下移动机器人HuberM-CKF离散滤波定位*

针对传统移动机器人定位算法精度不高的问题,提出一种基于无线传感器网络HurbM-CKalman滤波(HCKF)算法的移动机器人定位算法。利用HurbM极大似然估计代价函数,求解线性化后CKF观测矩阵,从而解决CKF滤波算法在未知非高斯白噪声干扰下估计精度不高问题。然后,在体育馆基于WSNs网络构建了移动机器人定位实验环境,并结合移动机器人动力学模型,对HCKF、CKF算法的定位精度进行对比。结果显示,在不含噪声干扰和含未知噪声干扰两种情况下,HCKF算法定位精度分别比CKF算法提高7%和15%。     

Robust distributed model predictive control of linear systems with structured time-varying uncertainties

In this work, synthesis of robust distributed model predictive control (MPC) is presented for a class of linear systems subject to structured time-varying uncertainties. By decomposing a global system into smaller dimensional subsystems, a set of distributed MPC controllers, instead of a centralised controller, are designed. To ensure the robust stability of the closed-loop system with respect to model uncertainties, distributed state feedback laws are obtained by solving a min–max optimisation problem. The design of robust distributed MPC is then transformed into solving a minimisation optimisation problem with linear matrix inequality constraints. An iterative online algorithm with adjustable maximum iteration is proposed to coordinate the distributed controllers to achieve a global performance. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed robust distributed MPC algorithm.     

带扰动的多非完整移动机器人分布式有限时间一致性控制

论文研究多个非完整移动机器人在控制输入存在干扰时,有限时间一致性控制问题.利用坐标变换,将多移动机器人系统的一致性问题转化为非完整约束链式系统的一致性问题,在控制输入带有未知有界干扰的条件下,设计了一种分布式控制算法,并利用Lyapunov理论证明了该算法能够使移动机器人的各个状态在有限时间内达到一致.最后通过数值仿真验证了算法的有效性.     

Distributed Model Predictive Control with Actuator Saturation for Markovian Jump Linear System

This paper is concerned with the distributed model predictive control (MPC) problem for a class of discrete-time Markovian jump linear systems (MJLSs) subject to actuator saturation and polytopic uncertainty in system matrices. The global system is decomposed into several subsystems which coordinate with each other. A set of distributed controllers is designed by solving a min-max optimization problem in terms of the solutions of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). An iterative algorithm is developed to achieve the online computation. Finally, a simulation example is employed to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.      

带有未知参数和有界干扰的移动机器人轨迹跟踪控

针对模型参数未知和存在有界干扰的非完整移动机器人的轨迹跟踪控制问题,本文提出了一种鲁棒自适应轨迹跟踪控制器方法.非完整移动机器人的控制难点在于它的运动学系统是欠驱动的.针对这一难点,本文利用横截函数的思想,引入新的辅助控制器,使得非完整移动机器人系统不再是一个欠驱动系统,缩减了控制器设计的难度,进而利用非线性自适应算法和参数映射方法构造李雅谱诺夫函数.通过李雅普诺夫方法设计控制器和参数自适应器,从而使得非完整移动机器人的跟随误差任意小,即可以任意小的误差来跟随任意给定的参考轨迹.仿真结果证明了方法的有效性.     

多移动机器人避障编队控制

研究了非完整移动机器人群的避障编队问题. 在次优化控制基础上, 通过对每个交互机器人求解指标函数存在耦合的优化问题提出了两种算法. 在终端惩罚项中加入了势场函数并且构造出相应的终端约束集. 关于系统稳定性及安全性进行了讨论. 仿真实例说明了所提算法的可行性.     

Distributed MPC of polytopic uncertain systems: handling quantised communication and packet dropouts

In this paper, we study the distributed model predictive control (MPC) of polytopic uncertain systems with quantised communication and packet dropouts. The model of the whole plant is divided into a certain number of incomplete subsystems. Due to the nature of the distributed control structure, there is generally a lack of information about the state of the overall system. Each subsystem shares its information with neighbour subsystems via reliable connection. Distributed MPC controllers are designed for each subsystem by solving the linear matrix inequalities optimisation problem. The distributed state feedback laws are quantised and transmitted via communication network. An iterative algorithm is presented to make coordination among distributed state feedback laws. The communication is assumed to be affected by random packet dropouts in a representation of Bernoulli distributed white sequences with known conditional probabilities. A case study is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed MPC technique.