基于复合控制算法的移动机器人沿墙导航研究

室内复杂环境下,由于超声波传感器测量精度不高、数量有限,导致移动机器人沿墙导航效果不佳,现有的控制算法实现较为复杂。为此,提出一种基于复合控制算法的沿墙导航策略,通过PID控制算法和Bang-Bang控制算法切换,控制移动机器人进行沿墙导航并最终实现室内环境的边缘检测。实际运行实验验证了该方法的可行性和鲁棒性。     

基于激光传感器的移动机器人地图的创建

未知环境下地图的建立,是移动机器人导航技术的关键。研究了室内环境地图的创建方法,探讨了室内环境特征直线提取方法,详细论述了地图创建面临的问题与解决方法。采用SICK公司生产的LMS100激光传感器获取环境深度信息,通过室内环境直线特征提取和局部到全局匹配的方法,获得室内环境地图信息,解决了里程计给机器人带来不确定误差。最后在机器人平台上进行实验,得到了良好的效果。实验表明,该方法具有实现容易、精确高、复杂度低等特点。     

环境特征提取在移动机器人导航中的应用

针对移动机器人在未知结构化环境中导航的需要,采用2D激光雷达作为主要传感器,对诸如墙壁、拐角、出口等这些典型的环境特征分别设计了一套有效的特征提取算法,并在该算法的基础上提出了基于特征点的移动机器人导航策略.该策略不需要里程计等其他一些内部传感器的信息,并且也不依赖具体的环境表述模型,从激光雷达扫描一次所得的数据中即可提取出环境特征,从而来指引机器人导航,实现起来快速可靠.应用到移动机器人MORCS-1上进行实验,取得了满意的结果,算法的实时性与鲁棒性得到了验证.     

基于模糊控制器的未知环境下移动机器人导航

研究机器人导航控制优化难题时,为实现未知环境中移动机器人自主导航并解决反应式导航策略中存在的局部陷阱问题,提出一种局部路径规划与目标切换相结合的导航方法.首先分析了移动机器人动力学模型,应用模糊推理构建反应式模糊控制器实现局部路径规划,并提出一种改进的目标切换方式,以机器人与目标相对方向的变化作为陷阱区域判断条件,当检测到陷阱情况时,引入合理的虚拟子目标,面向运动,直到脱离陷阱状态并恢复实际目标.方法可有效驱动机器人在复杂未知环境下以合理的路径脱离陷阱区域到达目标.仿真结果验证了方法的可行性和有效性,为应用于实际系统提供了可靠依据.     

一种混合结构的移动机器人导航控制策略

研究了未知环境下移动机器人实时的导航控制问题.采用分布式系统将反射式行为、反应式行为与慎思规划相结合,设计了移动机器人导航控制策略.根据激光雷达传感器信息设计了基于栅格的实时避障算法和解锁策略.通过慎思规划解决了复杂环境下的局部势能陷阱问题.通过自行研制的移动机器人IMR01的实验验证了导航策略的有效性.     

基于模糊控制器的机器人路径规划研究

针对复杂环境下移动机器人路径规划实际问题,提出了一种基于行为的移动机器人控制体系结构,设计了一种基于模糊控制器的移动机器人实时路径规划算法,为移动机器人在未知环境中的导航提出了一种新的思路.仿真结果表明,移动机器人能够克服环境中的不确定性,可靠地完成复杂任务,该算法有计算量小,效率高,鲁棒性好等优点.     

基于行为模糊控制的移动机器人路径规划

针对未知环境下移动机器人路径规划和提高自主导航安全性问题,基于行为的控制结构思想,在此基础上提出了一种基于模糊控制的移动机器人路径规划算法;根据传感器接收的障碍物和目标距离方位信息,将路径规划分成避障行为、趋向目标行为;结合模糊逻辑理论和人类驾驶经验,制定模糊规则,输出转角和速度;仿真结果表明,移动机器人能够克服环境中的不确定性,有效地实现良好的路径规划,验证了模糊控制算法的可行性,体现了该路径规划策略的有效性和正确性。     

基于近似Voronoi图的移动机器人实时路径规划

运用Voronoi图理论及人工势场理论,研究了一种基于近似Voronoi图的移动机器人实时路径规划的方法,用来实现未知室内环境中移动机器人的自主导航。该方法朝向预先定义的目标点位置来探测室内环境,生成近似Voronoi图,同时利用人工势场法进行避障,生成一条能达到目标点的安全、光滑路径。仿真结果表明,该方法简单且易于实现,同时能够减少规划时间。     

一种基于混合学习策略的移动机器人路径规划方法

针对未知环境下移动机器人路径规划问题,以操作条件反射学习机制为基础,根据模糊推理系统和学习自动机的原理,提出一种应用于移动机器人导航的混合学习策略.运用仿生的自组织学习方法,通过不断与外界未知环境交互从而使机器人具有自学习和自适应的功能.仿真结果表明,该方法能使机器人学会避障和目标导航任务,与传统的人工势场法相比,能有效地克服局部极小和振荡情况.     

基于场景图谱的室内移动机器人目标搜索

在移动机器人执行日常家庭任务时,首先需要其能够在环境中避开障碍物,自主地寻找到房间中的物体。针对移动机器人如何有效在室内环境下对目标物体进行搜索的问题,提出了一种基于场景图谱的室内移动机器人目标搜索,其框架结合了导航地图、语义地图和语义关系图谱。在导航地图的基础上建立了包含地标物体位置信息的语义地图,机器人可以轻松对地标物体进行寻找。对于动态的物体,机器人根据语义关系图中物体之间的并发关系,优先到关系强度比较高的地标物体旁寻找。通过物理实验展示了机器人在语义地图和语义关系图的帮助下可以实现在室内环境下有效地寻找到目标,并显著地减少了搜索的路径长度,证明了该方法的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。