螺旋片静电纺聚酰胺复合膜的制备及其黏合性能

以聚酰胺6（PA6）为原料,采用螺旋片式无针头静电纺丝设备,探究了纺丝工艺参数对静电纺PA6纳米纤维膜形态结构的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,螺旋片式静电纺PA6纳米纤维直径随纺丝电压的增大而减小,随着纺丝距离的增大而增大,随发生器转速的增加呈波动趋势,纤维的均匀性均无明显变化。通过正交试验得到了优化工艺条件：纺丝电压70~80 KV,纺丝距离185 mm,发生器转速8 r/min。此条件下所纺纤维平均直径为163 nm,纤维CV值为26%。初步探索了等离子体纺粘丙纶（PP）基布预处理对PA6/PP复合膜粘合效果的影响。结果表明,在80 w 30 s的条件下,剥离能可较未处理试样提高2.82倍,最大剥离强力可提高1.97倍。     

应用反应离子刻蚀技术的静电纺纳米纤维阵列制备

为开发一种简便、高效制备功能纳米纤维阵列的方法,结合静电纺丝和反应离子刻蚀技术制备了有序纳米纤维阵列。研究了纤维膜厚度、掩膜尺寸对形成纤维阵列微结构的影响,初步考察了纤维阵列作为细胞培养基底的生物相容性。研究结果表明：以铜网为掩膜,用氧等离子体刻蚀聚苯乙烯纳米纤维膜,制备了有序的纳米纤维阵列;纤维阵列的结构和尺寸可调,当刻蚀经30min和120min静电纺丝制备的纤维膜时,分别形成了二维有序网格阵列和三维鸟巢结构;在形成的三维纤维结构上培养成纤维细胞（NIH3T3）发现,细胞在三维纤维基底上容易贴壁、生长,纤维阵列具有高的生物相容性。     

Electrospun zein/PVA fibrous mats as three-dimensional surface for embryonic stem cell culture

This paper reports a new method of producing electrospun zein/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mats as three-dimensional (3D) cell culture surface material. The electrospun structure has many advantages and protein-based biomaterials possess unique properties preferred for cell biocompatibility. However, electrospun fiber matrices developed from proteins have poor mechanical properties and morphological stability in the aqueous environments required for cell culture. Efforts have been made to improve the properties of electrospun protein scaffolds, including dry mechanical for handling and surface hydrophilicity, but the current methods have major limitations, such as cytotoxicity and low efficiency. In this research, experimental data showed that the adding different proportion of PVA influenced the properties of the zein mats. Considering the properties of the mats and mouse embryonic stem cells growth behavior on the various electrospun mats, the EM3 (zein/PVA with mass ratios of 3:1) showed better growth status than any other mats. EM3 affixed to cover-glass could be autoclaved for 30?min at 120°C. In addition, embryonic stem cells cultured on chosen electrospun zein/PVA mats in vitro proved that culture products were easily attached onto mat and mat could be used for induction of stem cell differentiation and therefore promising mats for 3D cell culture surface applications.     

Effect of solvent treatment on morphology,crystallinity and tensile properties of cellulose acetate nanofiber mats

Aligned nanofiber mats were prepared from cellulose acetate using an electrospinning technique. The nanofiber mats were then immersed in an ethanol/acetone mixture. The solvent treatment led to denser, more compact fibrous structure and slight decrease in fiber alignment. It increased fiber diameter and polymer crystallinity within fibers. These effects resulted in increase in the tensile strength of fibrous mats. Solvent treatment may offer a simple, efficient approach to improve the mechanical strength of nanofibrous mats.     

Enhanced productivity of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous mats using aqueous N,N-dimethylformamide solution and their application to lipase-immobilizing membrane-shaped catalysts

Electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous non-woven fabrics have been widely used for cell and enzyme immobilization. Enhancement of the productivity of the material will further enlarge the versatility of them. In this study, a mixture of water and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was used as a solvent of PVA. The productivity defined as ([1 - (amount of polymer which did not come in contact with the collector)/(amount of polymer ejected from the needle for 30 min)] × 100) of electrospun PVA fibers increased from 15 to 92% by increasing the content of DMF from 0 to 10 wt%. As a potential application of the electrospun PVA fibers prepared by the enhanced production system, we encapsulated Burkholderia cepacia (formerly, Pseudomonas cepacia) lipase in the fibers by including lipase powder in the PVA solution before electrospinning, and evaluated catalytic performance of the resultant fibrous catalysts in organic solvent. The lipase encapsulated in the PVA fibers produced from a solution of water and 10 wt% DMF showed a 1.5-fold increase in initial reaction rate in the transesterification of (S)-glycidol and vinyl butyrate to produce (S)-glycidyl butyrate than that encapsulated in the PVA fibers obtained from the solvent without DMF, i.e., water. These findings demonstrate the practicality of the proposed system to enhance the productivity of electrospun PVA fibrous matrices for extended applications of the resultant fibers including the usage as carriers enclosing lipase for reactions in organic solvents.     

静电纺纳米纤维毡在新型高效过滤器上使用的优势与前景

静电纺丝是近年来十分热门的新课题。静电纺纳米纤维毡的一个重要应用是过滤。叙述现有高效过滤器的特点及不足,分析了静电纺纳米纤维毡在新型高效过滤器上使用的优势与前景。测试了纳米纤维毡的孔径、形态及过滤效率,结果表明基布铺上纳米纤维毡后过滤效率明显增加;纳米纤维毡的孔径比基布孔径约小两个数量级,并且纳米纤维层孔径分布均匀,离散度小。     

Fabrication of poly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) nanofiber yarns by conjugate electrospinning

Conventional electrospinning is an efficient method to fabricate polymer nanofibers which are usually collected as non‐woven mats. Recently, in order to fabricate a nanofiber yarn, conjugate electrospinning has been developed using coupled spinnerets applied with two high electrical voltages of opposite polarities In this paper, poly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) nanofiber yarns are prepared by conjugate electrospinning. The effects of the concentration and delivery rate of polymer solution and the distance between coupled spinnerets on the structure of PVDF‐HFP nanofiber yarns are investigated. The structure of the nanofiber yarns is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of the nanofiber yarns are measured by electronic fiber strength tester. The results show that the PVDF‐HFP nanofiber yarn consists of a large number of nanofibers aligned well along the longitudinal axis of the yarn, and the nanofibers have diameters ranging from several hundred nanometers to a few microns. The diameter of nanofibers in yarns increases with the increase in the polymer concentration, which significantly affects the structure of nanofiber yarns. The PVDF‐HFP nanofiber yarn electrospun from the polymer solution with a concentration of 45% has the highest tensile strength of 0.25 cN/dtex and an elongation of 180.13%.     

Survival of probiotic bacteria nanoencapsulated within biopolymers in a simulated gastrointestinal model

The objective of this work was to fabricate electrospun nanofiber mats (nano-scale in diameter) using a combination of corn starch (CS) and sodium alginate (SA) and encapsulate probiotic strains of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA5) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus 23,527 LGG) and bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium animalis) to improve their survival in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. The viability of the lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (determined using plate count method) after electrospinning was 94.1% and 89.4% of the initial population. Upon exposure to in vitro condition of gastric fluid (HCl and pepsin, at 37 °C), the population (starting level of 9 log CFU/mL) of nanoencapsulated lactobacilli and bifidobacteria decreased only by 1.58 and 1.03 log CFU at 120 min. Treated with in vitro prepared intestinal fluid (dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide, bovine bile salt, and trypsin) no cell was detected at 30 min and the number of coated lactobacilli and bifidobacteria decreased by 2.90 and 2.23 log CFU at 120 min in comparison to nonencapsulated control. After 180-min exposure to simulated gastrointestinal fluid, population of encapsulated lactobacilli and bifidobacteria decreased by 3.02 and 2.55 log CFU at 180 min. The viability of the probiotic bacteria in simulated gastrointestinal conditions was enhanced significantly (81–100% of the initial population) by nanoencapsulation within nanofiber mats of CS/SA.     

壳聚糖/香兰素/聚乙烯醇共纺纳米纤维膜的性质及其在大菱鲆保鲜中的应用

本研究以壳聚糖（chitosan,CS）、香兰素（vanillin,V）和聚乙烯醇（polyethylene alcohol,PVA）为原料,采用单轴静电纺丝工艺制备CS/V/PVA共纺纳米纤维膜,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、差示扫描量热分析和热重分析对CS/V/PVA共纺纳米纤维膜的形貌和结构进行表征,并以大菱鲆优势腐败菌——腐败希瓦氏菌（Shewanella putrefaciens）为靶标菌,对其抑菌活性进行测定,并考察CS/V/PVA共纺纳米纤维膜应用于大菱鲆的保鲜效果。结果表明：CS/V/PVA共纺纳米纤维膜的微观结构良好,纤维直径均匀分布在200～350 nm之间;纤维膜各组分之间存在相互作用,香兰素分子中的醛基能与CS分子中的氨基反应形成席夫碱键,且CS、香兰素、PVA分子间有氢键形成,降低了膜的初始熔融温度。此外,CS/V/PVA共纺纳米纤维膜对腐败希瓦氏菌具有较强的抑制作用,4 ℃大菱鲆保鲜实验结果表明CS/V/PVA共纺纳米纤维膜能有效延长大菱鲆鱼片的货架期。     

Effect of electrospinning parameters on piezoelectric properties of electrospun PVDF nanofibrous mats under cyclic compression

The high piezoelectric response capacity of electrospun PVDF nanofibers is currently a challenging area of research, and this study attempts to optimize the piezoelectric properties of electrospun PVDF nanofibrous mat under controlled electrospinning process. Some experiments were designed to study the relationship between electrospinning processing parameters and the piezoelectric properties of PVDF mats under cyclic compression, and this relationship was compared with the change of crystalline structure features with the electrospinning parameters. The excitation method is based on low velocity compression test by cyclically pressing flat contactor on samples. The impact of each of processing parameters has been investigated. It was found that three electrospinning parameters including: applied voltage, feeding volume flow rate and syringe needle tip diameter, are significant influential factors to the piezoelectric properties of the electrospun PVDF nanofibrous mats. However, the feeding volume flow rate has a greater effect on the piezoelectric responses to cyclic compression than both applied voltage and volume flow rate does, and its effect on the piezoelectric responses is different from that of β-phase fraction of crystalline structure within PVDF nanofiber. It was also observed that the relationship between the piezoelectric peak intensity and the applied voltage as well as the feeding volume flow rate is nonlinear.     

Electrospinning and characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol)–sericin nanofibers as a potential for tissue engineering applications

Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) is a hydrophilic, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer which has found application in biodrugs and tissue engineering. Sericin accompanying silk is a waste which is produced in scouring silk and has interesting properties which has attracted the attention of researchers. Silk sericin is also hydrophilic, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Moreover, it is cheap and anti-cancerous. Mixture of PVA and sericin in the form of 2D membrane or 3D hydrogels has been employed to heal skin damages. This research aimed at electrospinning PVA–sericin blend nanofibers in the form of a mat which has applications in tissue engineering, using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an organic solvent. This research showed that the solution of PVA–sericin in DMSO was electrospinnable; however, the addition of urea to the solution made the electrospinning easier. The electrospinning solution contained ratio of 0:100, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, and 25:75 sericin (%w/w)–PVA (%w/w). The electrospun PVA–sericin nanofibers had an average diameter in the range of 179–285 nm. X-ray diffractometer and differential scanning calorimetry investigations showed no reaction occurring between PVA and sericin. Polyvinyl alcohol 100% was also electrospun in DMSO. Up to now, the electrospinning of PVA in non-aqueous media has not been reported in the literature.     

可见光响应聚丙烯腈纤维膜的制备及其光催化性能

通过静电纺丝及后续的水热处理工艺制备载有二氧化钛的聚丙烯腈纤维膜,该纤维膜具有可见光响应光催化性能。静电纺丝得到的初生纤维中含有钛酸四丁酯、硝酸钆、聚丙烯腈和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,纤维表面光滑(直径约为320 nm)。再将初生纤维膜置于特氟龙水热釜中进行水热处理;纤维变成表面凹凸不平的多孔纤维(直径约为350 nm,BET比表面积为17.45 m2/g);结合XPS和XRD测试结果证实载有anatase相二氧化钛(Gd/N-Ti O2)晶体的聚丙烯腈纤维膜制备成功。在室温条件下,这种有机/无机杂化纤维膜对罗丹明B水溶液具有明显的可见光降解效果。     

静电纺高效防尘复合滤料的制备及其性能

为获得无毒无害高效防尘口罩的过滤材料,采用静电纺丝技术制备直径为（0.088±0.01）μm的锦纶6∕ 壳聚糖（PA6/CS）共混纳米纤维,与丙纶熔喷非织造布复合形成高效防尘复合滤料,研究了静电纺丝时间对复合滤料表面形貌、孔径及其分布、过滤性能和透气透湿性能的影响。结果表明,静电纺（PA6/CS）纳米纤维层可显著提高丙纶熔喷非织造布的过滤效率,静电纺丝 90 min 后复合滤料对 NaCl 气溶胶的过滤效率达到99%以上,明显高于丙纶熔喷非织造布的过滤效率（29%）,但是随着静电纺丝时间的延长,复合滤料的孔径、过滤阻力和透气性能明显下降,而透湿性能变化不明显。     

Electrospinning of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers Loaded with Hexadecane Nanodroplets

Abstract: The feasibility of producing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers containing fine-disperse hexadecane droplets by electrospinning a blend of hexadecane-in-water emulsions and PVA was investigated. Hexadecane oil-in-water nanoemulsions (d₁₀= 181.2 ± 0.1 nm) were mixed with PVA at pH 4.5 to yield polymer-emulsion blends containing 0.5 to 1.5 wt% oil droplets and 8-wt% PVA. The solution properties of emulsions and emulsion-PVA blends (viscosity, conductivity, surface tension) were determined. Solutions were electrospun and the morphology and thermal properties of deposited fiber mats characterized by scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Fiber mats were dissolved in buffer to liberate incorporated hexadecane droplets and the buffer solutions analyzed by optical microscopy, UV-spectroscopy, and light scattering. Analysis of dry fiber mats and their solutions showed that emulsion droplets were indeed part of the electrospun fiber structures. Depending on the concentration of hexadecane in the initial emulsion-polymer blends, droplets were dispersed in the fibers as individual droplets or in form of aggregated flocs of hexadecane droplets. Nanofibers with spindle-like perturbations or nanofibers containing bead-like structures with approximately 5 times larger than the size of droplets in the original nanoemulsion were obtained. Remarkably, incorporation of hexadecane droplets in fibers did not alter size of individual droplets, that is, no coalescence occurred. The manufacture of solid matrix containing nanodroplets could be of substantial interest for manufacturers wishing to develop encapsulation system for lipophilic functional compounds such as lipid-soluble flavors, antimicrobials, antioxidants, and bioactives with tailored release kinetics. Practical Applications: The paper describes the formation of electrospun nanofibers from hydrophilic polymers that contain fine-disperse emulsion droplets. By incorporating emulsion droplets, a large variety of lipophilic ingredients can be easily loaded into the fibers’ hydrophilic polymer matrix. This is of practical importance as to date the only way to include a lipophilic ingredient in a nanofibers is by dissolving the lipophilic ingredient and polymer in an organic solvent followed by electrospinning. However, use of an organic solvent is (a) not feasible if one wants to electrospin hydrophilic polymers, and (b) use of organic solvents is generally highly undesirable in the food industry. Our results should be of interest to a number of industries such as the food, pharmaceutical, chemical, and personal care industries that are generally in need of novel matrices that can serve as carrier vehicles and release functional components such as flavors, antimicrobials, antioxidants, drugs, and bioactives.     

J. Cosmet. Sci., 59, 233–242 (May/June 2008) Electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) fiber mats as carriers for extracts from the fruit hull of mangosteen

Electrospinning is a process used to produce ultrafine fibers with diameters in the nanometer range. Electrospun fiber mats have high potentials for biomedical uses, due to their high surface area and ease of drug incorporation into the fibers. They can be used as carriers for drug delivery and can enhance drug release and skin permeability. The aim of this study was to prepare electrospun fiber mats and to incorporate extracts from the fruit hull of mangosteen. Anti-oxidant activity and extract release were determined and compared between the extract incorporated in the electrospun fiber mats and in the cast films. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was selected as the polymer matrix. Extracts in the amount of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% w/w, based on the weight of PVA, were incorporated with 10% w/w PVA to finally obtain electrospun fiber mats and cast films. The extract content was evaluated by anti-oxidative activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1picryhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The morphology of the electrospun fiber mats was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the diameters of the fibers were in nanoscales and that no crystal of the extract was found at any concentration of the extract. The extract contents in the electrospun fiber mats prepared at 2.5%, 5%, and 10% w/w of the extract were 9.6%, 9.7%, and 10.8% of the initial loading concentration, respectively, whereas, those in the cast films were 23.9%, 14.5%, and 21.0%, respectively. The release of the extract from the electrospun fiber mats prepared at 2.5%, 5%, and 10% w/w of the extract at 120 min were 73.2%, 83.6%, and 81.3% w/w, respectively. However, much slower release from the cast films was observed (i.e. 4.3%, 29.1%, and 40.8% w/w, respectively).     

多喷头静电纺丝研究进展

静电纺丝是制取纳米纤维的一种简单而经济的方法。静电纺丝产量低是该项技术从实验室走向产业化生产及应用的最大的技术障碍,喷头组装则是静电纺丝另一个主要的工艺问题。介绍了多喷头静电纺丝、多喷头静电纺丝电场和多喷头静电纺丝机的研究现状,指出了多喷头静电纺丝的研究方向。     

Colouration of polymeric electrospun nanofibrous mats – a mini review

Abstract

Since its evolution, polymeric nanofibres made with electrospinning emerged to have commercial success for various technical/industrial applications such as filtration, cold separation, biosensing, healing and functional reinforcement in composites. In the start of twenty-first century, the electrospun nanofibres found their way for use as a laminate in apparel and furnishing textiles where aesthetics play one of the basic roles. Therefore, colouration of electrospun nanofibres grabbed attention of scientists and experts. As a result, many studies have appeared on colouration of electrospun nanofibrous mats over the recent decade. The present article summarizes a review on the fundamentals and methods, reported so far, of making coloured electrospun nanofibres of various polymers. The review focuses on preparing various polymeric nanofibrous mats with polymer solution via electrospinning as well as principle colouration techniques, i.e. conventional methods such as batchwise and pad dyeings, using ultrasonic energy (an emerging processing technology), dope dyeing and printing.     

壳聚糖基纳米纤维载药体系及其缓释行为

为研制具有缓释效果的抗菌材料,以壳聚糖(CS)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,采用静电纺丝技术制备CS/PVA 复合纳米纤维膜并负载环丙沙星;探究纺丝体系、纺丝工艺对纤维膜微观形貌、接触角、化学结构的影响,分析药物体外释放行为及载药前后试样的抗菌性。结果表明：PVA 的加入提高了CS 的可纺性;改善了纤维膜的亲水性;当纺丝电压为24 kV、CS 和PVA 质量比为1：1. 5 时,纤维膜成网均匀,形貌良好;载药纳米纤维膜具有相对较低的药物释放速率,可有效避免药物突释,且药物释放速率随纤维膜中环丙沙星质量分数的增大而增大;载药CS/PVA 纳米纤维膜对金黄色葡萄球菌具有优良的抗菌性。     

Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/modified clay electrospun nanocomposite nanofibrous mats for microbial protection

This research work is focused on the preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite nanofibrous mats by electrospinning method which was doped with varying concentration of Cloisite 30B and Cu-MMT nanoclays. Mechanical, physical, chemical and antibacterial properties of the nanocomposite nanofibrous mats were determined. Sodium-montmorillonite clay (Na-MMT) was modified with cupric chloride (CuCl₂) through ion exchange method to form copper-montmorillonite (Cu-MMT). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and particle size analysis were performed to characterize the modified clay. The formation of smooth and bead-free nanoclay loaded PVA nanofibres was observed through SEM and FESEM. Both the clays loaded nanofibrous mats showed good antibacterial property against the Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. These enhanced properties of the PVA nanocomposite nanofibrous mats can be used for the microbial protection applications.     

静电纺PA6纳米纤维膜的过滤性能

用98%甲酸溶解聚酰胺6(PA 6)制备质量浓度为13%纺丝液,经静电纺丝获得厚度31～60μm、纤维平均直径217 nm、表面平均孔径为234 nm的纳米纤维非织造膜.由于该纤维膜的断裂强度仅为8.06 MPa,实验以普通聚酯纤维织物为支撑基布,测试了不同样品的过滤性能.结果发现:在气流速度为2.83 L/min时,...