Subjective wear trials to evaluate thermal comfort of the foot clothing system including a sweat pad

Subjective wear trials were conducted to evaluate effects of disposable antibacterial sweat pads on foot thermal comfort. Sweat pads were produced with polypropylene and polylactic acid nonwoven topsheet layers which were treated with different herbal antibacterial materials. Trials were carried out with 10 male subjects under 10 °C and 50% relative humidity simulating sweating during a moderate activity in cold environments. Besides microclimate temperature and relative humidity measurements, subjective thermal (coolness, dampness, and comfort) and other sensations (stickiness, slippiness, etc.) were obtained by five point rating scales. Bending rigidity, friction coefficients, and moisture management properties of the topsheet fabrics and pads were tested. Results show that foot sweat pads enabled drier microclimate, warmer sensations, and higher comfort evaluations. Antibacterial treatments did not affect bending rigidity values of the nonwoven topsheet fabrics, but some applications decreased spreading speed, increased roughness of the pad surfaces, and wetting time values which are not preferable.     

形状记忆聚氨酯在非织造织物中的应用

应用涂层工艺,将不同浓度的形状记忆聚氨酯涂覆到非织造织物上,制得具有不同聚氨酯含量的形状记忆聚氨酯非织造织物材料,并对处理前后非织造织物的表面结构、形状回复性、折皱回复性、透气透湿性、强伸力等性能进行了测试。实验结果表明:经形状记忆聚氨酯处理后的非织造织物具有很好的形状记忆功能,提高了非织造织物的抗皱性能;当聚氨酯含量较少时,对形状记忆聚氨酯非织造织物的透湿性没有显著影响,但透气性有明显下降。     

Mechanical and functional evaluations of flaming-retardant/far-infrared composite nonwoven fabrics

This study aims to investigate the mechanical properties, far-infrared (FIR) emissivity, and limiting oxygen index (LOI) of FIR ray/low-melting-point (LM) nonwoven fabrics, flame retardant (FR)/LM nonwoven fabrics, and FIR/FR/LM composite nonwoven fabrics, which are with or without heat treatment and also investigating the effect of heat treatment on the LM polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers. Test results show that for FIR/LM nonwoven fabrics, applying heat treatment leads to the better mechanical properties and FIR emissivity of 0.90. For FR/LM nonwoven fabrics, unheat-treatment samples have greater mechanical properties and an LOI of 34. For FIR/FR/LM composite nonwoven fabrics, the unheat-treated samples exhibit greater tensile properties, but the heat-treated samples exhibit greater puncture resistance, burst strength, and FIR emissivity. The structural parameters of the composite nonwoven fabrics can be adjusted according to the demand of users in terms of FIR emissivity and flame retardancy, and the composite nonwoven fabrics are thus expected to be used as construction materials for medical systems.     

农用非织造布的功能与应用

介绍了农用非织造布的原料及生产技术 ,对比分析了农用非织造布与传统农用材料的性能、功能 ,探讨了农用非织造布开发应用的意义与前景。     

木棉及其混合纤维非织造材料吸声预测模型

以Allard模型为基础,采用等效流体的方法,拟建立一个能够准确描述木棉及其混合纤维非织造材料吸声行为的吸声模型。该模型结合木棉纤维的大中空结构,考虑了材料的热传导效应及纤维框架的柔软性。使用新建立的吸声模型及Allard模型分别对4种不同结构的木棉纤维非织造材料的吸声系数及比表面阻抗进行了计算,并将计算值与实验样品的测量值进行比较。结果表明:新模型的计算结果更接近实验值,说明新模型更适用于木棉及其混合纤维非织造材料吸声性能的预测,为工业产品的设计提供了理论参考。     

An experimental investigation of nonwoven filter cloth with and without reinforcement of woven fabric

In this experimental study, the effect of needling intensity and reinforcement fabric on some physical properties of needle‐punched nonwoven filters was investigated. The needle‐punched nonwoven filters with different needling intensities were fabricated with and without reinforcement fabrics. Recycled polyester fibers were chosen as raw materials, and acrylic fibers were used in the reinforcement fabrics. The variation of physical properties of filter fabrics, such as air permeability, thickness, mass per unit area, and bursting strength, was analyzed with respect to the needling intensities as well as the reinforcement materials. The results showed that the burst strength of the filters increased by using the reinforcement fabric and increasing the needling intensity until a critical level. Moreover, air permeability of filters decreased by using the woven reinforcement materials and increasing the needling intensity.     

汉麻纤维非织造汽车内饰材料的加工工艺及性能研究

文章采用汉麻纤维、涤纶纤维和棉纤维为原料,通过设计针刺非织造加工工艺路线及原料混纺比、针刺密度、针刺深度等工艺参数,设计开发不同工艺参数的汉麻纤维非织造汽车内饰材料,为系统研究麻类非织造汽车内饰材料提供依据。     

再生动物蛋白纤维水刺非织造布的生产技术

利用具有吸湿、透气、抑菌、保健等性能的再生动物蛋白纤维开发生产了不同面密度、不同厚度的功能性水刺非织造布;对该产品的生产设备、生产工艺进行了探讨;制定了动植物蛋白纤维水刺非织造布的企业标准,填补了该产品的国内空白及质量标准规定的空白。再生动物蛋白纤维水刺非织造布这一功能性产品的开发成功将进一步拓展非织造布的应用领域。     

Effect of compressibility on heat transport phenomena in aerogel-treated nonwoven fabrics

The heat transport properties observed in nanostructured materials such as aerogel-treated nonwoven fabrics are promoting revolutionary breakthroughs as thermal insulators. This article is focused on the thermal transport characteristics of nonwoven fabrics treated with aerogel for potential uses in thermal protective applications. Highly efficient aerogel thermal blankets are now considered a viable option in applications such as clothing, building, and pipelines. A variety of fiber and fabric structures or finishing parameters influence the functional properties of nonwoven materials. In order to assess the thermal properties of aerogel-treated nonwoven fabrics, the KES Thermolabo II and NT-H1 (plate/fabric/plate method for thermal conductivity, q_max cool/warm feeling, and thermal insulation) was used. Fabrics of higher thicknesses show lower heat conductance and therefore higher thermal insulation properties. It has been found that thermal insulation is also related to the weight and compressional properties of the fabric. To make an insulating material effective, it should have low compression set and high resiliency to make the still air to be entrapped into the fibrous material.     

手术用包扎布和衬垫材料的开发

叙述了手术用纺织品的服用及生理学的一般要求.着重强调了间隔织物的优点.从生产间隔织物的技术前提出发,总结了各种新型手术用纺织品在实验室条件下的测试结果,并与现有的结构相比较.研究了间隔织物、非织造布、复合材料及可回收或不可回收材料做的手术用纺织品.     

烘燥定型对新型非织造静电植绒织物基布性能的影响

对传统的浸渍粘合法烘燥定型设备进行改造,使经过初步烘燥的湿态织物进行高温烘燥定型整理,成功地开发出了高档静电植绒织物基布。较为详细地分析了新型烘燥定型工艺对非织造类静电植绒织物基布的结构与性能的影响,并对成型机理进行了探讨。     

Investigation on thermo-physiological and compression characteristics of weft-knitted 3D spacer fabrics

The thermo-physiological comfort and compression properties of knitted spacer fabrics have been evaluated by varying the different spacer fabric parameters. Air permeability and water vapor transmission of the fabrics were measured using the Textest FX-3300 air permeability tester and PERMETEST. Thermal behavior of fabrics was evaluated by (TCi) thermal conductivity analyzer and overall moisture management capacity was evaluated by moisture management tester. Spacer fabrics compression properties were also tested using KES-FB3. In the KES testing, the compression resilience, work of compression, linearity of compression, and other parameters were calculated from the pressure–thickness curves. Analysis of variance was performed using new statistical software named QC expert trylobite and Darwin in order to compare the influence of different fabric parameters on thermo-physiological and compression behavior of samples. This study established that the raw materials, type of spacer yarn, density, thickness, and tightness of surface layer have significant influence on both thermal conductivity and work of compression in spacer fabrics. The parameter which mainly influences the water vapor permeability of these fabrics is the property of raw material i.e. the wetting and wicking properties of fibers. The Pearson correlation between moisture capacity of the fabrics and water vapor permeability was found.     

聚乙烯-聚丙烯非织造布亲水油剂的性能及其调控

针对亲水油剂研发过程中表面活性剂配伍与聚乙烯-聚丙烯(ES)非织造布亲水性关系的问题,借助稳态荧光猝灭法、视频接触角测定仪、液体穿透时间测定仪等,考察了油剂或表面活性剂的溶液表面张力、胶束聚集数、聚集体粒径分布、聚乙烯(PE)界面动态接触角等性能指标,探讨了表面活性剂结构和协同配伍与ES非织造布多次透水时间的关系,测试了亲水油剂的综合性能。结果表明:亲水油剂的高表面活性、较小的亲水疏水平衡值(HLB值)、较大的胶束聚集数以及有效成分与ES纤维间的强吸附力等均有利于提高ES非织造布亲水性;改性后ES非织造布3次透水时间均小于3 s,反湿量小于0.13 g,表面比电阻小于3.0×10⁸ Ω·cm,已达到卫生用品覆面材料的要求。     

非织造布抛光材料

阐述了非织造布抛光材料的特性、制造方法、磨料的适用范围、产品成型的种类和适宜加工的对象。     

Characterization of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics for industrial air filter application

Needle-punched nonwoven fabrics with three different areal weights have been developed using micro-denier (0.8 Denier) and fine-denier (3 and 6 Denier) staple polyester fibers, separately. Process parameters such as punching density and depth of penetration have been changed according to the fabric areal weight. Effect of fiber fineness and areal weight on air permeability, tensile strength, bursting strength and compressibility of the fabric has been analyzed. It has been observed that air permeability decreases with the increase in areal weight of the nonwoven. The micro-denier fiber nonwoven gives 40% lower air permeability as compared with fine-denier fabrics. 6 Denier nonwoven provides 44% higher tensile strength as compared to 0.8 Denier nonwoven fabric and 23% higher tensile strength than 3 Denier fabrics. Compressibility and compression recovery of 6 Denier fabrics are also better as compared with other fabrics. However, micro-denier fabric shows 24% improvement in bursting strength and very good air dust filtration efficiency.     

Instrumental Measurement of Strain in Nonwoven Geotextile Fabrics

Geotextile fabrics and geomembranes are subjected to considerable compressive forces in situ, which may affect their fuuctional performance or lead to premature failure. The measurement of strain developed in such fabrics is therefore of considerable practical importance. A novel approach using a quantitative image analysis technique is described, which permits rapid and accurate measurement of the localised strains developed in nonwoven geotextile fabrics when subjected to compression by stones, gravel, or other hard materials. The technique is intended to be used in conjunction with the cylinder performance test which has been previously developed to simulate the strains imposed on geotextile fabrics in the ground.     

Development of acoustic nonwoven materials from kapok and milkweed fibres

Acoustic properties of textile materials have been studied for several decades. But, mostly used materials were synthetic, and hence, they were not eco-friendly in nature. Therefore, an attempt was put forward to try the sound absorption property of natural fibres and their blends by needle-punched nonwoven techniques. Nonwoven fabrics of ideal materials are used as acoustical insulation products because they have high total surface area. The effect of blend proportion of kapok and milkweed fibres with cotton, fabric GSM, bulk density and distance of fabric from sound source on sound reduction of nonwoven fabrics was investigated. The sound reduction increases with increase in blend proportion of kapok and milkweed fibres. A nonwoven fabric of cotton/milkweed 40/60 shows the highest sound reduction potential. As the distance between the fabric and sound sources increases, the sound reduction also increases linearly due to reduction of sound intensity which reduces the transmission of sound through the fabric. There is a positive correlation between fabric GSM and sound reduction and negative correlation between bulk density and sound reduction. Further, the thermal conductivity of nonwoven samples decreases with increase in kapok and milkweed blend proportion due to increase in thickness of samples. Hence, the kapok- and milkweed-blended nonwoven samples provide sound as well as thermal insulation characteristics.     

生物降解材料在非织造材料中的应用

介绍了几种可用于制造非织造材料的可生物降解材料,该类原料符合现代社会环保和资源再利用的要求。     

Thermophysiological comfort properties of selected knitted fabrics and design of T-shirts

Thermal comfort is one of the most important components of comfort which shows physiological, psychological, and physical harmony between human body and environment. The heat and moisture transfer capacity of fabric from skin to environment affects the thermal comfort of garments. The transfer capacity depends on the characteristic features of raw materials and fabric structural properties. In this study, it is aimed to determine the advantages of knitted fabric types, taking into account the environmental condition and activity level by measuring the thermal comfort properties such as air permeability, wicking, moisture management, thermal and water vapor resistances. Two knitted structures composed of tuck and float combinations and six raw materials were chosen for the fabrics produced. According to the measurement results, the polyester and cotton/Coolmax fabrics with float stitches have had good liquid moisture transport properties. Besides, high air permeability and low water vapor resistance have been obtained in viscose and Tencel LF fabrics with tuck stitches. On the basis of the results obtained in this investigation, and taking into consideration thermal behavior of human body, four women’s and five men’s T-shirts are designed. These T-shirt designs may be helpful for further approaches on the optimization of thermal comfort for sports activities in hot environment.     

高附加值产业用非织造布的新进展

本文从聚合物、纤维、织物及其设备四方面叙述高附加值产业用非织造布的新进展。