水滴传感器织物设计与制作

设计了一种简单实用的水滴传感器织物,其结构牢固、性能可靠。由于其检测面积大且具备柔性,故能用于工业、医疗等特殊场合。根据这种水滴传感器织物的结构,开发了一种先添加衬垫纱再进行剪纱的加工方法,降低了水滴传感器织物的制作难度。     

智能柔性传感器的应用及其发展前景

介绍了智能纺织品的定义、分类和特征,综述了智能纺织品用作柔性传感器在电子电工、医疗保健、运动器材、娱乐、产业用纺织品等领域的应用,指出了智能柔性传感器存在问题及其发展前景.     

可嵌入服装的PVDF压电传感器的研制与应用

用聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)薄膜制成适应大幅度形变的柔性传感器。设计了前置电路,选出与该电路相适合的反馈电阻和电容,测试PVDF薄膜传感器的幅频响应特性。将PVDF薄膜传感器应用在手指关节上,记录手指关节的动作,实验证明PVDF薄膜可制成检测大幅度形变的柔性传感器。     

人体生理指标与服装微气候监测系统研发

为了研究人体生理特征指标和服装微气候指标的监测方法,通过分析能够反映人体健康状况的生理特征指标和人体舒适感的服装微气候指标,文章探讨了将传感器和显示器技术应用于服装产品的路径与方法,设计了应用于人体生理指标监测智能服装的信息采集、传输、显示和记录系统,研制了可以用于服装的、以AT89C52单片机为基础的智能化生理指征监测服装系统,本文对系统进行了分析和介绍。本文的研究成果可以为传感器和显示器技术在智能服装领域的应用提供借鉴与参考。     

Technical note: Evaluation of an ear-attached movement sensor to record cow feeding behavior and activity

The ability to monitor dairy cow feeding behavior and activity could improve dairy herd management. A 3-dimensional accelerometer (SensOor; Agis Automatisering BV, Harmelen, the Netherlands) has been developed that can be attached to ear identification tags. Based on the principle that behavior can be identified by ear movements, a proprietary model classifies sensor data as “ruminating,” “eating,” “resting,” or “active.” The objective of the study was to evaluate this sensor on accuracy and precision. First, a pilot evaluation of agreement between 2 independent observers, recording behavior from 3 cows for a period of approximately 9 h each, was performed. Second, to evaluate the sensor, the behavior of 15 cows was monitored both visually (VIS) and with the sensor (SENS), with approximately 20 h of registration per cow, evenly distributed over a 24-h period, excluding milking. Cows were chosen from groups of animals in different lactation stages and parities. Each minute of SENS and VIS data was classified into 1 of 9 categories (8 behaviors and 1 transition behavior) and summarized into 4 behavioral groups, namely ruminating, eating, resting, or active, which were analyzed by calculating kappa (κ) values. For the pilot evaluation, a high level of agreement between observers was obtained, with κ values of ≥0.96 for all behavioral categories, indicating that visual observation provides a good standard. For the second trial, relationships between SENS and VIS were studied by κ values on a minute basis and Pearson correlation and concordance correlation coefficient analysis on behavior expressed as percentage of total registration time. Times spent ruminating, eating, resting, and active were 42.6, 15.9, 31.6, and 9.9% (SENS) respectively, and 42.1, 13.0, 30.0, and 14.9% (VIS), respectively. Overall κ for the comparison of SENS and VIS was substantial (0.78), with κ values of 0.85, 0.77, 0.86, and 0.47 for “ruminating,” “eating,” “resting,” and “active,” respectively. Pearson correlation and concordance correlation coefficients between SENS and VIS for “ruminating,” “eating,” “resting,” and “active” were 0.93, 0.88, 0.98, and 0.73, and 0.93, 0.75, 0.97, and 0.35, respectively. In conclusion, the results provide strong evidence that the present ear sensor technology can be used to monitor ruminating and resting behavior of freestall-housed dairy cattle. Our results also suggest that this technology shows promise for monitoring eating behavior, whereas more work is needed to determine its suitability to monitor activity of dairy cattle.     

浅色导电纤维的发展及其最新应用

以导电纤维/纱线为原料织造而成的现代智能纺织品在抗静电、防辐射、传感器件等方面有巨大的发展前景。然而,传统的炭系导电纤维都以深色为主,无法进行色彩的再加工,这限制了它在服饰领域的应用范围。文章结合近年来国内外在浅色导电纤维领域的研究成果,从掺杂纺丝和表面处理两个角度综述浅色导电纤维的制备工艺,对相关的产品做出对比与评估,最后对浅色导电纤维/纱线在织物电路、传感网络与能源器件的最新应用进行介绍与展望。     

电子智能纺织品的应用及发展趋势

文章介绍了电子智能纺织品的概念及其具体组成元件,并对其在医疗、娱乐、体育、军事等方面的应用做了简单介绍,对其存在的问题进行了描述,最后评述了其未来的发展方向。     

Discrimination of cucumber cultivars using a multiple‐point sheet sensor to measure biting force

To define the textural differences among three cucumber cultivars, we combined two different mechanical measurements: a direct measurement of mastication force using a multiple‐point sheet sensor (MSS), and a uniaxial compression test. For mastication force measurement, subjects bit a sample placed on the sheet sensor with their upper and lower incisors. During a single bite, masticatory force was measured using a computerised MSS device called the ISCAN system with a TSCAN sheet sensor. Values of maximum bite force, the time at which maximum bite force appeared, area under the force–time curve, contact area and maximum pressure point for one cultivar were significantly higher than those for the other two. For all the parameters, lower values corresponded to crispness and higher values to toughness. Overall tendencies were the same in the compression test, though the compression test tends to yield smaller standard deviations. The MSS masticatory test is suitable for analysing masticatory properties with respect to each individual, while the instrument test is suitable for analysing physical properties inherent in each sample. Combination of the actual mastication test performed in the human oral cavity and conventional mechanical tests provides the most reliable objective analysis of food texture. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Home textile as a potential pathway for dermal exposure to trace elements: assessment of health risks

The concentrations of trace elements were analysed in samples of home textiles (i.e. towels, bedclothes and pyjamas). Arsenic, Be, Cd, Sc, Se, Sm and Tl levels were below their respective detection limits, while Hg, Mo and V could be only detected in a few samples. The highest mean levels corresponded to Mg, Cu andSb. In agreement with previous findings in casual wear, home textiles made of polyester, either exclusively or partially, showed significantly higher levels of Sb than those made of cotton, while Ti levels were also significantly higher in synthetic fibre items. The levels of Cr and Cu were especially relevant in colour clothes. The dermal absorption of trace elements during sleeping and towels use were also estimated, being the health risks subsequently assessed. The maximum hazard quotient (HQ) for all elements was well below 0.01, indicating a safe situation. The only exception was Sb, whose HQ due to bedclothes/pyjamas and towels use was 0.4 and >1, respectively. Comparing with other daily activities, towels use, by towel-to-hand-to-mouth effect, was the most relevant action leading to dermal exposure for most trace elements. In general terms, cancer risks did not exceed threshold levels, excepting Cr(VI), whose risk was above 10^-5.     

一种钢包炉精炼PLC网络测控系统的设计与实现

介绍了钢包炉精炼系统的工作原理和主要功能,探讨了采用SIEMENS S7-400,S7-300型PIC以及SIEMENS HMI Tp-107A型人机界面组成的PLC测控网络的硬件组成和软件设计方法.实际应用结果表明,该系统具有控制精度高、抗干扰能力强等特点.     

Arsenic and lead in foods: a potential threat to human health in Bangladesh

The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of arsenic and lead to adults and children via daily dietary intake of food composites in Bangladesh was estimated. The target hazard quotients (THQs), hazard index (HI) and target carcinogenic risk (TR) were calculated to evaluate the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk from arsenic and lead. Most of the individual food composites contain a considerable amount of arsenic and lead. The highest mean concentrations of arsenic were found in cereals (0.254 mg kg^–1 fw) and vegetables (0.250 mg kg^–1 fw), and lead in vegetables (0.714 mg kg^–1 fw) and fish (0.326 mg kg^–1 fw). The results showed the highest THQs of arsenic in cereals and lead in vegetables for both adults and children which exceeded the safe limit (> 1) indicating that cereals and vegetables are the main food items contributing to the potential health risk. The estimated TR from ingesting dietary arsenic and lead from most of the foods exceeded 10^?6, indicating carcinogenic risks for all adult people of the study area.     

糖尿病人专用食盐的开发与保健意义分析

重点介绍了盐的又一个新品种--糖尿病人专用食盐,在成分分析的基础上进行了保健意义的分析.     

营养保健型雪莲果果冻的工艺研究

以雪莲果为主要原料,以增筋剂(GA)、琼脂为主要胶体,研制出组织状态,色泽和口感均优良的营养保健型雪莲果果冻。采用正交试验对雪莲果果汁的护色、果冻的生产工艺及配方进行了研究。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为增筋剂(GA)0.5%,雪莲果汁27%,白砂糖17%,柠檬酸0.28%。     

试论一种改善传感器输出非线性方式的不可行性

从理论分析入手，在建立非线性误差数学模型的基础上进行了计算机仿真和试验验证，证明以限制电位器式传感器工作范围的方式来减小其输出非线性误差是不可行的。     

玫瑰茄资源的开发利用

综述了玫瑰茄的植物学特性、营养成分、保健功能以及玫瑰茄资源综合开发利用,同时也指出玫瑰茄资源开发具有广阔的前景。     

A finite element approach to the modelling of fabric mechanics and its application to virtual fabric design and testing

This work presents a detailed finite element approach for textile fabrics for mechanical analysis and simulation by combining yarn properties, inter-yarn interaction and fabric structures. The fabric geometries are generated using the TexGen geometric modelling schema developed at the University of Nottingham. This geometric model of the fabric is interfaced with a mechanics modelling environment, ABAQUS, to predict its mechanical properties. The major advantages over other approaches are that all issues arising from textile mechanics modelling are considered, physically measured data are used as inputs and the traditional requirement of user intervention during model creation is removed. The developed model and its implementation are validated using the Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics on commercial fabrics subjected to variety of external loadings. The presented validation shows good agreement between the simulations utilising the finite element model and the experiments. The modelling approach is used as a virtual fabric design/testing system which allows designers to input yarn details and geometric fabric structures and to predict how the performance of the fabric depends on textile structures and basic material properties. The virtual testing shows that fabric mechanical performance depends in a complex way on structural parameters, geometric data and loading conditions due to the interaction between various deformation mechanisms. The virtual testing also shows that the bending and shear properties are very sensitive to the cross-sectional shape of the yarns, which need to be modelled accordingly in order to obtain good mechanical predictions.     

仿生鳞片针织结构自供能传感织物的制备及其性能

为研究仿生鳞片针织结构自供能传感织物结构对其性能的影响,利用针织成形工艺将锦纶纱线、聚四氟乙烯纱线及镀银锦纶纱线设计并制备三维仿生鳞片针织结构,形成基于仿生鳞片针织结构的自供能传感织物,并对其性能进行研究。结果表明：该仿生鳞片针织结构自供能传感织物可大规模织造,其电学输出性能受鳞片与间隔部分接触面积的影响,可通过调节纵向间隔来调控其电学性能;织物的各向异性与鳞片的纵向间隔及排列方式有关,小纵向间隔、叠瓦状排列方式下的应变强化特征明显,可提供较强的支撑性;该自供能传感织物保持织物内在舒适性的同时,兼具智能性与功能性,满足柔性与防护性需求。     

膳食纤维制品的开发研究

膳食纤维制品是功能性食品的重要组成部分，介绍了生产膳食纤维制品的主要原料及其生产加工工艺，探讨了膳食纤维在食品工业中的应用，展望了膳食纤维制品的发展前景。     

最具市场竞争力的益生菌发展现状及值得关注的几个问题

益生菌是由乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、革兰氏阳性菌、酵母菌等经过特殊工艺复合而成的活体微生物制剂，是近年来新兴的高科技热门产品，风靡全世界。已在食品添加剂、动物添加剂和农业等领域得到广泛应用。本文对益生菌的概念、保健作用机理、国内外市场发展现状等，特别是对益生菌与酸奶的特殊关系进行了探讨。同时对消费者们和业内人士所关注的安全性、产品的生产、质量标准、审批程序等问题，做出了较为翔实可靠的描述。为益生菌进一步的研发、增强市场竞争力及相关企业产品的更新换代提供了依据。