Effect of microwave curing on antimicrobial activity of chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride treated wool fabrics

An alternative microwave curing system was used for curing chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride treated wool fabric to study its effects on the antimicrobial activity of the fabric. The effects of microwave curing at different irradiation power and treatment time on the physical properties of wool fabrics and the adsorption rate of chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride on wool fabrics has been examined. Comparisons were made between conventionally cured wool fabric and microwave‐cured wool fabric treated with chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride. The influence of microwave curing on the efficiency of crosslinking was studied by using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Microwave‐cured samples showed a higher degree of crosslinking than conventionally cured samples without high losses in strength properties. Antimicrobial properties and the durability of the finish after repeated laundering results also supported the higher degree of crosslinking that occurred in microwave curing.     

柠檬酸和壳聚糖对棉织物抗菌整理的研究

针对柠檬酸和壳聚糖在棉织物抗菌整理中的应用,研究了壳聚糖的浓度对棉织物抗菌性的影响,多元羧酸的含量对壳聚糖固着率的影响及焙烘温度对壳聚糖固着率和白度的影响;并对整理后棉织物的性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,用柠檬酸和壳聚糖的混合液对棉织物进行抗菌整理的效果是明显的,整理后棉织物的耐久定型和折皱回复率都有提高,而且经反复洗涤后,其抗菌性仍达到80%以上。     

Electrical conductivity and physiological comfort of silver coated cotton fabrics

The objective of present study was to develop multifunctional and wearable electrically conductive fabrics with acceptable comfort properties by in-situ deposition of silver particles. The effect of silver nitrate concentration and number of dips was investigated for change in electrical conductivity, EMI shielding, and antimicrobial properties of coated fabrics. The dynamic light scattering and SEM analysis were employed to study the morphology of deposited silver particles. The EMI shielding was found to increase with increase in concentration of silver particles. Later, the comfort and mechanical properties were studied. No significant decrease in air permeability and water vapor permeability was observed due to partial coverage of fabric pores by coating of silver particles. Moreover, the coated fabrics also showed promising behavior toward antimicrobial properties. When the durability of coated fabrics was examined against washing, the application of binder provided good retention of silver particles without loss of electrical conductivity of coated fabrics.     

Application of polyethylene glycol,cetrimide, chitosan and their mixtures on cotton muslin fabric to improve rot resistance,antimicrobial property and its salt-free reactive dyeing

In the present work, cotton muslin fabric is treated with eco-friendly antimicrobial agents in order to observe the effect of those chemicals on the rot resistance properties, physical appearance, important textile-related mechanical properties and dyeability with reactive dyes. The cotton fabric has been treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG 200), cetrimide and chitosan individually and their blends, in the presence of citric acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate as mixed catalyst to investigate the effect of such treatment on fabric properties of treated cotton mentioned above. Amongst all individual and combined applications of above said chemicals, it is observed that treatment with a mixture of chitosan and PEG is showing good result in terms of improvement in rot resistance performance and an optimum balance in other textile-related mechanical and appearance properties indicating lowest degradation against microbial attack. A series of experiments were undertaken with varying percentage of both the chemicals to arrive at the optimum ratio of mixture of PEG and chitosan and compared with such effect for treatment with conventional quaternary ammonium compound EPTAC. This treatment shows much balance results and also creates a newer provision of salt-free reactive dyeing of such treated/cationized cotton muslin fabric by unconventional reactive dyeing in acid bath after such chemical treatment/modifications.     

棉织物抗菌整理的效果评价

采用AEM5700、AGP、自制纳米银抗菌剂、壳聚糖以及乙二醛5种抗菌剂分别对棉织物进行抗菌整理,并对整理前后织物的抗菌性能进行了定性（抑菌圈法）与定量测试。结果表明,分别经自制纳米银抗菌剂和乙二醛整理的织物,在大肠埃希菌和金黄葡萄球菌定性测试时出现了抑菌圈,其它3种试剂均没有产生抑菌圈。分别对AEM5700、AGP和壳聚糖整理织物进行定量测试,结果表明这3种都具有抗菌效果;其中AGP整理织物的抗菌效果最好,对金黄葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的细菌减少率分别为99.6%和93.9%。测试结果证明,溶出型抗菌剂适合抑菌圈法测试,而非溶出型抗菌剂适合定量法检测。     

Weight reduction of microfibre polyester fabric and the effect on its physical and mechanical properties

For the present work, a heat‐set microfibre polyester woven fabric was treated with five different sodium hydroxide concentrations in similar conditions. Their physical and mechanical properties were studied and discussed. Changes in eight properties due to the weight reduction, i.e. surface properties, tear strength, crimp, compression, pressure recovery, crease recovery, abrasion and weave density which are reported in this work were not available for any type of weight reduced polyester fabrics in the cited literature. Results show that the weight reduction decreases yarn and fabric strength, fabric abrasion resistance, fabric tear strength and bending stiffness. On the other hand, it increases fabric thickness under low pressure, crease recovery angle, air permeability and drape of the fabric. The treatment showed no significant effect on the surface properties of the samples.     

基于生物废料的壳聚糖对棉织物进行同步颜料染色和抗菌整理

采用从废弃虾壳提取的壳聚糖作为黏合剂用于棉织物染色,对染色织物色值、牢度及抗菌性进行评价。结果表明：利用壳聚糖进行颜料染色的棉织物具有良好的色值和牢度;可通过增加壳聚糖质量浓度提高略微下降的摩擦牢度;而较差的摩擦牢度也可较好地用于实现衣物的即洗即褪效果。利用壳聚糖染色的棉织物水洗20次后对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均表现出良好抗菌性。     

壳聚糖整理液对纤维素织物性能的影响

利用壳聚糖溶液、渗透剂、催化剂及柔软剂对纯棉织物、竹原纤维织物、苎麻织物和大麻织物进行后整理,测试了壳聚糖整理液处理前后4种织物的白度、力学性能、折皱性能和吸湿性能变化,并进行了对比分析。     

壳聚糖胍盐酸盐的制备及其在羊毛织物抗菌整理中的应用

采用微波辐射技术,以壳聚糖胍亚硫酸盐和浓盐酸为原料,合成了一种壳聚糖胍盐酸盐抗菌剂,通过红外光谱和核磁谱图对其结构进行表征。将壳聚糖胍盐酸盐用于羊毛织物的抗菌整理,通过研究整理剂质量浓度、焙烘温度、焙烘时间对整理后羊毛织物抗菌效果和物理力学性能的影响优化整理工艺。结果表明,在微波辐射条件下成功合成了壳聚糖胍盐酸盐抗菌剂,整理剂在羊毛织物上的较佳整理工艺为壳聚糖胍盐质量浓度10 g/L,焙烘温度130℃,焙烘时间5 min。     

等离子体处理对芳砜纶机织物力学性能的影响

为改善芳砜纶机织物的服用性能,对其进行了低温等离子体处理.对处理前后织物力学性能指标的测试数据作数理统计分析表明,处理后织物的力学性能有一定程度降低,但不影响其使用性能;除悬垂性外,处理工艺中因素的各水平对其他力学性能没有显著影响.     

Functional finishing of cotton fabrics using graphene oxide nanosheets decorated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

This study examined an innovative approach for imparting multi-functional properties, i.e. self-cleaning, electrical conductivity, ultraviolet (UV) blocking as well as antimicrobial properties onto cotton fabric. Graphene oxide/TiO₂ nanocomposites were successfully prepared, by a simple method of mixing and sonication, and used for multi-functional treatment of cotton fabrics by dip-drying technique. The physicochemical properties of the prepared samples were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Self-cleaning performance, electrical resistance, antimicrobial properties, and UV blocking activity of treated fabrics were also assessed. The coated cotton fabrics with graphene oxide/TiO₂ nanocomposite showed excellent photocatalytic self-cleaning activity measured by degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under sunlight irradiation. Results showed that the electrical conductivity of the graphene oxide/titanium dioxide nanocomposite-coated fabrics was improved significantly after sunlight irradiation. Moreover, the nanocomposite finished cotton fabric demonstrated proper antimicrobial properties and UV blocking activity.     

Determination of silver release from antibacterial finished cotton and polyester fabrics into water

Silver compounds have extensive use among the antimicrobial agents in textiles. Silver particles are released into the water during washing processes in particular and they are released from the textile in time due to use. In this work, silver ion release from cotton and polyester antimicrobial fabrics which are the most widely used textiles have been studied. Two well-known silver-based commercial agents and silver-doped calcium phosphate powder-based antibacterial finishing agent which was developed in our previous work were applied to the fabric samples. The release of silver from the fabric samples during washing and incubation was determined by ICP-OES. The effects of fabric composition, time and laundering process on the silver release were studied. It was found that significant amount of silver was released from textile fabrics during washing due to the mechanical forces exerted on the fabrics. The total released silver varied from 73.43 to 92.27% for cotton fabrics and 76.49 to 89.70% for PES fabrics after 20 washing cycles. Results also showed that calcium phosphate can reduce the amount of silver release significantly. It was also found that even a smaller quantity of nanosilver particles was sufficient for strong antibacterial activity.     

用于皮肤病的草本抗菌剂产品的开发

织物的抗菌整理可通过形成物理屏障将微生物向穿着者转移降至最低。本研究涉及具有抗菌活性的番泻和羽芒菊的草本提取物。将草本提取物用于棉织物的抗菌整理,并评估整理后的织物对常见的真菌和细菌的抗菌活性。采用AATCC抗菌测试标准对所有经草本提取物整理的样品进行测试,结果表明采用强极性溶剂提取的草本提取物具有更好的抗菌性能。其中乙醇是最佳的萃取溶剂。使用交联剂(明矾)经轧-烘-焙工艺将草本提取物整理到棉织物上。整理后织物的抗菌活性分别采用AATCC-147、AATCC-100和AATCC-30琼脂扩散测试标准进行测试。     

Properties of wheat starch film-forming dispersions and films as affected by chitosan addition

In order to evaluate the impact of chitosan on the physical properties of wheat starch–glycerol films, part of the wheat starch was replaced by chitosan, and the effect of composition on the properties of both the films and the film-forming dispersions was studied. The latter became more stable and viscous as the chitosan proportion was increased in the mixture. Both polymers appeared to integrate homogeneously in the film matrix. The combined effect of the glycerol and chitosan proportions affected the mechanical and barrier properties of the films. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the films were improved as chitosan ratio increased. The oxygen and water vapor permeability slightly increased in line with the amount of chitosan in the blend although the induced differences were very small. Chitosan ratio directly affected the antimicrobial properties of the films, which showed a significant bactericide activity when the chitosan–starch ratio in the film was 50%. Nevertheless, at a starch:chitosan ratio of 80:20, counts of coliforms did not exceed the initial value in the meat after 7 storage days.     

Finite element modelling the mechanical performance of pressure garments produced from elastic weft knitted fabrics

Compression garments mainly produced from elastic knitted fabrics have attracted many attentions due to their medical care performances. Components’ characteristics of the pressure garments such as yarn and fabric structure affect significantly the pressure applied on the human body. In this paper, it is aimed to simulate the effect of yarn’s mechanical properties as well as fabric structure on mechanical performance of the compression garment. For this purpose, a precise geometrical model for fabric structure is needed by which the pressure applied to the body could be predicted. Accordingly, double jersey knitted fabrics containing elastane weft yarns were produced on an electronic flat knitting machine and the fabric tensile properties were measured in course direction. Using equations governing the fabric structural unit-cell, a real geometric model was created in a finite element software environment. Considering the linear visco-elastic properties for elastane weft yarn, stress-strain curve was extracted. The results obtained from numerical simulation were compared with the experimental data in order to validate the proposed geometrical model. The findings demonstrate a good agreement between experimental and simulation results.     

Chitosan phosphate: A new way for production of eco-friendly flame-retardant cotton textiles

An increase in the health and environment legislation awareness pushed the textile manufacturers to develop their strategies to produce eco-friendly flame-retardant textiles with competitive cost. Chitosan is added during the phosphorylation process as a nitrogen source that has synergistic effect with phosphorus. Increasing the chitosan concentration from 0% to 2% enhances the flame retardancy of the treated cotton fabric against successive washing. Further increase in amount of chitosan, above 2%, has a limited effect on the thermal degradation of the treated cotton. Increasing diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP) concentration from 0% to 10% is responsible for making the flame-retardant finish durable against successive washing. Thermal degradation analysis of treated fabrics at different DAHP concentrations shows a decrease in the maximum degradation rate point and thermal degradation onset point. The amount of residue at 500°C increases till reaches 32% with the increase in the DAHP concentration. The effect of curing temperature and time has been discussed in detail. The performance properties of the treated cotton fabrics show better physical and chemical properties than that in the absence of chitosan.     

多功能聚氨酯涂层织物的制备及性能

采用聚氨酯(PU)树脂溶液添加到适量的壳聚糖溶液中,同时调整粘度至所需涂布的粘度,经转移涂层工艺加工成PU涂层织物。通过透湿、耐静水压等仪器对PU涂层织物的透湿量、耐静水压以及抗菌性能进行测试与分析。结果表明,壳聚糖对涂层织物耐静水压有一定影响,较好地改善了PU涂层织物的透湿性能,并赋予PU涂层织物抗菌性能,从而实现防水、透湿和抗菌三效合一的多功能产品。     

Fire retardant property of cotton fabric treated with herbal extract

Flame retardant functionality was imparted in cellulosic textile using spinach leaves juice (SJ), an eco-friendly natural product. The extracted juice was made alkaline and applied in fresh bleached and mercerized cotton fabrics. Flame retardant properties of the control and treated fabrics were analysed in terms of limiting oxygen index (LOI), horizontal and vertical flammability and radiant heat testing. The study showed that the treated fabrics had good flame retardant property compared to control fabrics. The LOI value was found to increase by 1.6 times after application of SJ. As a result of this, the fabric does not catch flame. In horizontal flammability, the treated fabric showed burning with afterglow (without presence of flame) with a propagation rate of 10 mm/min, which is almost nine times lower than the control fabric. The thermal degradation and pyrolysis was studied using thermogravimetric analysis. The chemical composition of the control and SJ-treated cellulosic fabric were analysed by FTIR, SEM and EDX. Durability of the flame retardant functionality to soap washing and weathering had also been studied. After application of SJ, cellulosic fabric sample produced natural green colour. There was no significant change in other physical properties.     

Changes in the Mechanical Properties of Silk Fabrics Modified with Epoxide and Their Relation to the Fabric Construction

An investigation is described in which the mechanical properties of silk fabrics treated with ethyleneglycol diglycidylether (EDGE) were measured in relation to variations in fabric structure in terms of weight gain. Their mechanical behaviour was determined in bending, in-plane shear, and compressional characteristics experiments. An examination of the mechanical properties of silk fabrics treated with EDGE led to the following conclusions. The value of the bending rigidity (B) in the weft direction clearly increased with an increase in weight gain, which suggested hardening of fabric. The value of the shearing stiffness (G) of the fabric in the warp direction remained unchanged in spite of the epoxide treatment, and the values of the shearing hysteresis (2HG) were linearly related to the weight gain. These results suggest that the observed changes in mechanical behaviour can be largely attributed to an increase in the contact pressure between warp and weft yarns.     

聚酯/棉混纺织物染色及其抗菌性的改善

纺织化学的研究进展已实现通过表面改性赋予纺织品抗菌活性。旨在利用γ射线和壳聚糖作为天然阳离子试剂的环保工艺处理聚酯/棉混纺织物,对其抗菌活性进行评估和改善。同时研究该处理对拉伸强力、伸长率和折皱回复角等物理性能的影响。基于所用处理,选用不同阴离子型染料（直接、活性、酸性）上染聚酯/棉织物。