浅谈小学古诗文教学"四步曲"

古诗文教学是小学语文教学的有机组成部分,但小学生学习古诗文时面临着语言、时空、情感等方面的障碍,可以通过背景渗透、"调补连想"、再现意境、引发共鸣"四部曲"帮助学生扫除学习障碍,调动学生学习古诗文的积极性,增强学生学好古诗文的自信心.     

论人本主义理念在提高员工职业适应中的作用——从人际适应障碍谈起

人际适应障碍是影响职业适应的一大障碍,它使员工感觉没有自信,表明不良,严重影响职业适应.为了减少人际适应障碍的负面影响,我们可以尝试在员工管理中应用人本主义的管理理念.人本主义管理理念提倡尊重人、爱人,注重和员工情感上的沟通.因此,管理者应该创造出和谐的工作环境,加强与员工的沟通,为员工提供自我实现的机会,建立平等和谐的工作环境,来帮助减轻员工人际适应障碍,促进职业适应.     

浅谈初中美术欣赏课

初中美术欣赏课对提高学生的审美素质和能力,促进学生全面发展起着重要的作用.但是怎样上好初中美术欣赏课,如何利用美术欣赏课提升学生的审美情趣,增强情感教育一直是美术教师难以逾越的障碍.本文依据多年的教学经验,从掌握足够的中外美术理论知识;给学生树立正确的美术欣赏理念;,充分理解美术作品,找准欣赏切入点;让学生主动参与,加深对作品的理解四个方面做了一些分析研究.     

情感理论下的"顾客——员工"管理模式探讨

从情感理论出发,探讨了基于顾客导向的情感营销带来了顾客的忠诚,基于员工心理需求的情感管理带来了员工对企业的忠诚,二者对企业经营都起着举足轻重的作用.因此,在情感营销与情感管理研究的基础上,提出了情感理论下的"顾客--员工"管理模式,并且这种模式适应了现代市场竞争发展的需要.     

职业学校学生心理特点及德育策略

中职学生在初中应试教育条件下.自尊心、自信心受到了极大的伤害,没有形成良好的学习习惯和道德行为习惯,成为他们继续学习的心里障碍:他们渴望获得一技之长,希望尽快就业.在班主任工作中,我深刻的体会到,要突出一个"爱"字,贯穿一个"严"字,力求一个"实"字,爱字当头,严在其中,落到实处,使学生的道德认知、道德情感、道德意志及道德行为习惯得到和谐发展.     

情感因素在商务英语教学中的应用研究

阐述了情感与认知的相关性,分析了情感因素和商务英语教学的关系.商务英语教学实践表明,有效利用积极的情感因素,尽量避免或处理好消极的情感能大大提高课堂教学效果.     

试论艺术创作的情感功能

情感是艺术创作的生命,情感构成了对艺术追求的动因,同时又构成了艺术创作的动因。艺术作品只有包含着艺术家强烈而真实的情感,才能具有非凡艺术感染力,让观者产生情感共鸣。     

基于未确知测度的视频情感内容识别

为有效识别视频情感的内容,基于未确知数学理论,建立了视频低层特征和高层认知情感之间的联系,提出了一种基于未确知测度的新算法.首先,选取能反映情感变化的场景亮度、镜头切变率和色调效能作为视频情感低层特征,介绍了每种情感特征的数据提取方法,并由此构建了视频情感特征向量.其次,构造了视频场景的未确知对象空间和指标空间,并给出了量化用的场景亮度、镜头切变率和色调效能未确知测度函数,建立了未确知测度矩阵.最后,采用信息熵确定3个情感特征的权值,用置信度识别准则对视频场景的情感类型进行判定.实验结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

挖掘课文情感因素成功进行审美教育——《灰椋鸟》教学札记

<灰椋鸟>熔铸了作者真挚灼热的情感,笔者在指导学生阅读时就注重了挖掘课文的情感因素,采取"以情感作渲染导入新课,激发学生审美情趣;与文本对话,体验作者的情感,享受美;内化情感,成为理念,创造美."对学生实施审美教育.     

高中英语情感教学策略研究

本文以我国高中英语情感教学策略研究为题,在论述高中英语情感教学相关理论的基础上,立足于实际教学情况,分析了高中英语情感教学策略内涵和制定策略的依据,探讨了有关实施我国高中英语情感教学的基本策略.     

New Orleans Levee System Performance during Hurricane Katrina: London Avenue and Orleans Canal South

Hurricane Katrina was one of the worst natural disasters in U.S. history. The effects of the hurricane were particularly devastating in the city of New Orleans. Most of the damage was due to the failure of the levee system that surrounds the city to protect it from flooding. This paper presents the results of centrifuge models conducted at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers simulating the behavior of the levees at London Avenue North and South that failed during Hurricane Katrina. Those levees failed without being overtopped by the storm surge. Also included are the results of a centrifuge model of one levee section at Orleans Canal South, which did not fail during the hurricane. The key factor of the failure mechanism of the London Avenue levees was the formation of a gap between the flooded side of the levee and the sheetpile. This gap triggered a reduction of the strength at the foundation of the protected side of the levee. The results are fully consistent with field observations.     

Reliability-Based Optimal Design of Truss Structures Using Particle Swarm Optimization

In this work, the particle swarm optimization method is employed for the reliability-based optimal design of statically determinate truss structures. Particle swarm optimization is inspired by the social behavior of flocks (swarms) of birds and insects (particles). Every particle’s position represents a specific design. The algorithm searches the design space by adjusting the trajectories of the particles that comprise the swarm. These particles are attracted toward the positions of both their personal best solution and the best solution of the swarm in a stochastic manner. In typical structural optimization problems, safety is dealt with in a yes/no manner fulfilling the set of requirements imposed by codes of practice. Considering uncertainty for the problem parameters offers a measure to quantify safety. This measure provides a rational basis for the estimation of the reliability of the components and of the entire system. Incorporating the reliability into the structural optimization framework one can seek a reliability-based optimal design. For the problems examined herein, the reliability indexes of the structural elements are obtained from analytical expressions. The structure is subsequently analyzed as a series system of correlated elements and the Ditlevsen bounds are used for the calculation of its reliability index. The uncertain-random parameters considered in this work are the load, the yield-critical stress; and the cross sections of the elements. The considered design variables of the optimization problem are the cross-sectional areas of the groups, which control the size of the truss, and the heights and lengths that control the shape of the truss. The results of the optimization are presented for a 25-bar truss and a 30-bar arch and the robustness of the optimization scheme is discussed.     

Addition of Cobalt to Lead Anodes Used for Oxygen Evolution—A Literature Review

A review of the literature dealing with the effect of cobalt on lead-based anodes for oxygen evolution during electrolysis of sulfuric acid solutions verifies that the presence of cobalt at the anode–electrolyte interface, either as constituent of the anode material or as ions in the electrolyte, catalyzes the evolution of oxygen and reduces the corrosion of the anodes and the contamination by lead of metal cathodes produced during electrowinning. However, due to harmful effects of cobalt ions on the cathodic reaction in some processes, these benefits are limited to the electrowinning of copper. Efforts to develop a way of introducing cobalt at the anode–electrolyte interface without interfering with the cathodic reactions are reviewed in this paper. The use of lead–cobalt alloy anodes has had limited success due to issues arising from the low solubility of cobalt in lead, segregation during casting of the alloys, and nonuniform distribution of cobalt which affects the integrity of the anodes. This has been overcome in part lately by inclusion of cobalt into only the surface layer of a lead or lead alloy substrate, by thermal treatment of a cobalt salt to form a catalytic cobalt oxide surface species, or by electrodeposition of composite lead–cobalt oxide anodes. The last approach in particular has been actively investigated by several groups, but to our knowledge it is yet to find application in the industry. The review also critically examines the likely reaction mechanisms involved.     

Pseudostatic Coefficient for Use in Simplified Seismic Slope Stability Evaluation

Pseudostatic slope stability procedures are commonly used in engineering practice. However, the selection of the seismic coefficient employed in the analysis is often based on precedence without due consideration of the amount of seismic displacement that constitutes satisfactory performance for each particular project and without incorporating the vastly different seismic exposure for sites around the world. In this Note, a rational basis for selecting the seismic coefficient is presented. The proposed procedure requires that the engineer establishes the project-specific allowable level of seismic displacement. The seismic response characteristics of the slope are represented by the fundamental period of the potential sliding mass, and the site-dependent seismic demand is characterized by the 5% damped elastic design spectral acceleration at the degraded period of the potential sliding mass. The level of uncertainty in the estimates of the seismic demand and displacement can be handled through the use of different percentile estimates of these values. With the proposed equations, the engineer can properly incorporate the amount of seismic displacement judged to be allowable and the seismic hazard at the site in the selection of the seismic coefficient.     

Reliability-Based Design for External Stability of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls

A two-phase approach was used to develop a reliability-based design (RBD) method for external stability of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls. In the first phase, a parametric study was conducted using Monte Carlo simulation to identify parameters that affect the probability of external failure of MSE walls. Three modes of failure were considered: sliding, overturning, and bearing capacity. External stability was assessed by treating the reinforced soil as a rigid mass using the same procedures employed for conventional gravity-type wall systems. Results from the parametric study indicate that the mean and coefficient of variation of the backfill friction angle are significant for sliding, the mean and coefficient of variation of the friction angle of the backfill and coefficient of variation of the unit weight of the backfill are significant for overturning, and the mean and coefficient of variation of the friction angle of the foundation soil and the mean of the backfill friction angle are significant for bearing capacity. In the second phase, a series of additional simulations was conducted where the significant parameters identified in the parametric study were varied over a broad range. Results of these simulations were used to develop a set of RBD charts for external stability of MSE walls. A comparison indicates that similar reinforcement lengths are obtained using RBD and conventional methods and that the inherent probability of external failure in conventional deterministic design is ? 0.001. This probability of external failure is similar to inherent probability of failure reported by other investigators for similar geotechnical structures.     

Influence of the chromium and ytterbium co-doping on the photoluminescence of zinc selenide crystals

The luminescent properties of ZnSe, ZnSe：Cr（0.05 at.% Cr）, ZnSe：Yb（0.03 at.% Yb） and ZnSe：Cr：Yb（0.05 at.% Cr, 0.05 at.% Yb） crystals, doped during the growth process by the chemical vapor transport method, were studied within the temperature interval of 6–300 K. At the 6 K temperature in the visible spectral range 2 bands were observed： a band in the excitonic spectral region and a band of self-activated luminescence. It was shown that co-doping of zinc selenide crystals with the chromium and ytterbium led to the combination of the impurities influence on the photoluminescent properties. At the liquid helium temperature in the middle infrared range of the spectra of the ytterbium and chromium co-doped crystal a band with the maximum localized at 1.7μm was observed, which was overlapped with a complex band in the middle-IR spectral range, characteristic for the chromium doped ZnSe crystals. On the basis of obtained data an interaction mechanism of the chromium and ytterbium co-doping impurities was proposed. Guided by the existent model of the ytterbium ion incorporation in the selenide sublattice of the ZnSe crystals, an assumption about stabilization of single charged chromium ions in the zinc sublattice crystal nodes, by means of formation of the local charge compensating clusters, was made. It was assumed that the resonant energy transfer from one chromium ion to another,which led to the concentration quenching of the IR emission in the ZnSe：Cr PL spectra, would lead to the broadening of the IR emission in the spectra of ytterbium and chromium co-doped zinc selenide crystals.g     

Fluidization in an Anaerobic EGSB Reactor: Analysis of Primary Wakes and Modeling of Sludge Blanket

Fluidization of biogranules in an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor is stochastic in nature and it is a function of the size distribution and the frequency of generation of flow-through gas bubbles in the reactor. Other factors that contribute to the distribution of granules along the height of the reactor are the settling characteristics of granules and the fluid velocity. A simulation was conducted in a test column to obtain a relationship between the flow-through gas and granules at different heights along the column. This relationship was combined with the pattern of gas flow through an identical EGSB reactor to create a model to predict the concentration of granules at different heights along the reactor. The model can predict well the stochastic nature of the axial distribution of granules but underestimates the number of granules at different heights. The reasons for such deviations are explained. The pattern of granule shedding from the primary wake associated with spherical cap bubbles and terminal velocities of bubbles have also been studied and modeled to estimate the maximum height of ascent of granules under isolated spherical cap bubbles. The results of this model agreed well with the experimental observations.     

Approach to Separate Sand from Gravel for Bed-Load Transport Calculations in Streams with Bimodal Sediment

The bed material found in gravel-bed streams is nonuniform in terms of grain size and can typically be classified as unimodal or bimodal. The latter type of sediment distribution is usually represented by two modes, one of sand size and another of gravel. For this case, the movement of one mode becomes nonlinearly influenced by the other. As a result, the presence of the two modes in a bimodal material complicates the calculation of bed-load transport rates. The present study proposes an approach to separate the calculation of bed-load transport rates for bimodal materials into two independent fractions of sand and gravel, thereby rendering the bed sediment into two unimodal components. This approach is accomplished by decoupling the two fractions through scaling the reference Shields stresses of the sand and gravel modes to match the value of the mode of unimodal materials. Consequently, the contribution of each fraction to bed load can be estimated using a suitable relation derived for unimodal materials. Laboratory and field bed-load data available in the literature are used to examine the validity of the overall approach.     

Artificial Ground Freezing of Fully Saturated Soil: Viscoelastic Behavior

The transport and mechanical properties of saturated soil drastically change when temperatures drop below the freezing temperature of water. During artificial ground freezing, this change of properties is exploited in order to minimize deformations during construction work and for groundwater control. Whereas for the latter only the size of the frozen-soil body is relevant, which is obtained by solving the thermal problem, the design of the ground-freezing work for support purposes requires information about the mechanical behavior of frozen soil. In addition to the quantification of the improvement of mechanical properties during freezing, information about the dilation associated with the 9% volume increase of water during freezing is required in order to assess the risk of damage to surface infrastructure caused by frost heave. In this paper, a micromechanics-based model for the prediction of both the aforementioned phase-change dilation and the elastic and viscous properties of freezing saturated soil is presented. Hereby, the macroscopic material behavior is related to the behavior of the different constituents such as soil particles, water, and ice. Combined with the solution of the thermal problem, the proposed model provides the basis for predictions of the performance of support structures composed of frozen soil.