35%丁苄可湿性粉剂防除水稻秧田和直接田杂草

３５％丁苄可湿性粉剂１９９４－１９９５年防除水稻秧田和直接田杂草的试验。结果表明：秧田在播种后１０天使用丁苄１．５，１．８，２．２５千克／公顷，对稗草的防效为８９．７－９３．７％，总杂草防效９６．８－９９．２％。直播稻田在播种后５天使用丁苄１．８、２．２５千克／公顷，对稗草的防效９２．９－９４．１％，总杂草防效９７．８－９９．０％。丁苄对水稻安全。     

我国棉花病害发生情况及防治进展

棉花是我国最重要的经济作物。棉花病害遍布我国广大棉区，每年因病害损失皮棉约３６万吨，价７０亿元。苗病在南方棉区重于北方棉区，成株期主要是枯萎病和黄萎病，分布全国，年损失皮棉１０万吨以上；在多雨年份有些棉区铃病严重，病、烂铃率在５０％以上。近年推广种衣剂和苗病净等农药，提高了苗病防治效果，用抗病品种防治棉枯、黄萎病是重要措施。铃病防治则仍依赖农业技术措施。棉花病害综合治理（ＩＰＭ）把经济、生态、社会效益统一起来，提高了棉病防治层次，已在推行。但棉花抗黄萎病育种滞后；安全，高效、低毒农药开发尚待加强；植物生理保护体系的研究刚刚起步。所有这些都需大力加强。     

硫丹产品登记动态概要

硫丹杀虫剂．法国安万特作物科学公司在我国1997年正式登记商品赛丹35％乳油，防治棉花棉铃虫用量（有效成分，下同）525—870克／公顷；防治茶树茶小绿叶蝉、茶尺蠖用量分别为350～525克／公顷和525—700克忪顷：防治烟草烟蚜、烟青虫用量350-525克／公顷：防治苹果树黄蚜使用浓度175～233．3毫克／千克。1999年正式登记赛丹原药。1993年临时登记赛敌32．8％乳油（赛丹与溴氰菊酯复配），防治棉花棉铃虫用量390～495克／公克；防治烟草烟蚜、烟青虫用量262．5～328克／公项。韩国瑞韩化学株式会社2000年在我国临时登记商品韩丹原药。以色列马克西姆化学公司在我国1998年正式登记商品硕丹35％乳油。防治苹果树黄蚜使用浓度87．5～116．7毫克／千克。2000年正式登记硕丹原药。     

棉花脱叶和催熟喷施脱清

棉铃发育的适宜气温为25～30℃，超过33℃对幼铃的生长发育不利，低于20℃会延长铃期，推迟吐絮，导致产量低，品质差。棉田喷施噻苯隆可刺激棉花加快成熟吐絮，促进棉叶脱落并催枯。     

棉花脱叶和催熟喷施脱清

棉铃发育的适宜气温为25～30℃，超过33℃对幼铃的生长发育不利，低于20℃会延长铃期，推迟吐絮，导致产量低，品质差。棉田喷施噻苯隆可刺激棉花加快成熟吐絮，促进棉叶脱落并催枯。     

连作晚稻秧田播后药剂除草试验

１９９０、１９９４年，在连晚秧田进行了播后的药剂除草试验。结果表明：播后２天，应用１７．２％哌草丹－苄嘧黄隆每公顷３０００克，３０％丙草胺每公顷１１２５－１５００毫升防除秧田杂草效果好，且杀草谱宽，总草株防效分别为９６．３％、９１．１－９５．５％，鲜重防效为９８．４％、９１．５－９５．９％。播后１０％苄嘧黄隆每公顶１８０克，秧苗２叶后再用５０％二氯喹啉酸每公顷３７５克，降草效果也较好。     

Bt乳剂,氰戊菊酯防治茶毛虫试验

用“Ｂｔ”乳剂分别以１．５，３．０，４．５千克／公顷及２０％氰戊菊酯乳油分别以０．３，０．４５，０．６千克／公顷六种不同浓度按随机区组试验处理第二代２－３龄茶毛虫并经双因素方差分析。结果表明：采用“Ｂｔ”乳剂公顷用量３千克，４．５千克防治茶毛虫，死亡率达１００％；用２０％氰戊菊酯乳油公顷用量０．４５千克，０．６千克防治，死亡率达１００％。     

吡虫啉防治棉蚜药效试验

吡虫啉拌种有效成分１５０克／公顷防治棉花苗蚜可控制到播种后４０天，吡虫啉喷雾防治棉花伏蚜，有效成分６０克／公顷，第７天的防治效果达１００．０％，优于目前推广的拌种剂克百威和喷雾剂甲胺磷的防治效果。     

柑橘喷施含腐植酸水溶肥料效果试验研究

进行了含腐植酸水溶肥料——农欢（水剂）在柑橘种植中的应用肥效试验,试验结果表明：施用含腐植酸水溶肥料一农欢产品3000毫升／公顷,兑水1500千克／公顷后喷施柑橘,可提高柑橘生物学性状,并可明显增加柑橘产量、提高经济效益,同时获得柑橘34287．9千克／公顷,获得收入33657．9元／公顷。     

柑橘喷施含腐植酸水溶肥料效果试验研究

进行了含腐植酸水溶肥料——农欢（水剂）在柑橘种植中的应用肥效试验,试验结果表明：施用含腐植酸水溶肥料一农欢产品3000毫升／公顷,兑水1500千克／公顷后喷施柑橘,可提高柑橘生物学性状,并可明显增加柑橘产量、提高经济效益,同时获得柑橘34287．9千克／公顷,获得收入33657．9元／公顷。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。