具有TiN扩散阻挡层的n-GaAs欧姆接触的可靠性

提出了金属-半导体欧姆接触退化的快速评估方法--温度斜坡快速评价法,并建立了自动评估系统,用该方法和系统测得的欧姆接触退化激活能,和传统方法相比,耗时少,所需样品少,所得结果和传统方法一致.针对传统AuGeNi/Au欧姆接触系统的缺点,提出了加TiN扩散阻挡层的新型欧姆接触系统.实验表明新型欧姆接触系统的可靠性远远优于传统AuGeNi/Au欧姆接触系统.     

具有TiN扩散阻挡层的n-GaAs欧姆接触的可靠性

提出了金属 -半导体欧姆接触退化的快速评估方法——温度斜坡快速评价法 ,并建立了自动评估系统 ,用该方法和系统测得的欧姆接触退化激活能 ,和传统方法相比 ,耗时少 ,所需样品少 ,所得结果和传统方法一致 .针对传统 Au Ge Ni/Au欧姆接触系统的缺点 ,提出了加 Ti N扩散阻挡层的新型欧姆接触系统 .实验表明新型欧姆接触系统的可靠性远远优于传统 Au Ge Ni/Au欧姆接触系统 .     

GaAs及InP半导体激光器欧姆接触技术的评述

欧姆接触技术在半导体激光器制作中占有十分重要的地位,按其理论分析了获得GaAs、InP激光器低欧姆接触方法,分析了影响欧姆接触电特性的主要因素。介绍了现今所采用的各种金属化系统,就近期在欧姆接触制作技术新动向、新工艺作了较详细介绍。     

n+多晶硅/n+ SiC异质结欧姆接触

采用器件仿真软件ISE TCAD模拟了n 多晶硅/n SiC异质结形成欧姆接触的新的SiC欧姆接触制造技术.模拟结果表明n 多晶硅/n SiC异质结接触可以形成良好的欧姆接触,具有工艺简单、性能优良的优点.     

P型GaN欧姆接触的比接触电阻率测量

采用多种传输线模型方法,测量了p型GaN上的欧姆接触的比接触电阻率.通过比较和分析不同测量方法所得的结果之间的差异,得出了一个准确、可靠测量p型GaN上的欧姆接触的比接触电阻率的方法--圆点传输线模型方法.利用该方法优化了p型GaN上欧姆接触的退火温度,在氧气气氛中650℃退火后获得了最优的欧姆接触,其比接触电阻率为5.12×10-4Ω·cm2.     

n+多晶硅/n+ SiC异质结欧姆接触

采用器件仿真软件ISE TCAD模拟了n+多晶硅/n+ SiC异质结形成欧姆接触的新的SiC欧姆接触制造技术.模拟结果表明n+多晶硅/n+ SiC异质结接触可以形成良好的欧姆接触,具有工艺简单、性能优良的优点.     

n+多晶硅/n+SiC异质结欧姆接触

采用器件仿真软件ISE TCAD模拟了n+多晶硅/n+SiC异质结形成欧姆接触的新的SiC欧姆接触制造技术. 模拟结果表明n+多晶硅/n+SiC异质结接触可以形成良好的欧姆接触，具有工艺简单、性能优良的优点.     

p型金刚石欧姆接触的研究

金刚石的欧姆接触是制造半导体器接触的研究进展,结合器件的发展和实际工艺的要求,讨论了改善欧姆接触特性的途径和方法,指出目前存在急需解决的一些问题.     

大电流密度器件的欧姆接触

根据大电流密度器件对欧姆接触的要求,研究了如何获得高质量的Ti-Ni-Ag欧姆接触层的方法,并成功应用于生产.     

低电阻GaN基太赫兹空气桥结构平面肖特基二极管

提出了通过增大欧姆接触电极包围角提高GaN基太赫兹肖特基二极管的截止频率的方法,该方法减小了空气桥结构平面肖特基二极管的串联电阻,进而提高了器件的截止频率.设计并制备了不同欧姆接触电极包围角的空气桥结构平面肖特基二极管,通过对器件Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性及C-V特性的测量,可知随着欧姆接触电极包围角的增大,肖特基二极管的串联电阻减小,而肖特基二极管的总电容并没有受影响.欧姆接触电极全包围结构的肖特基二极管截止频率为264 GHz,约为欧姆接触电极包围角为180°器件的1.6倍.     

Influence of different SiC surface treatments performed prior to Ni ohmic contacts formation

This work is dealing with the influence of surface treatment on ohmic contacts to hexagonal N-type SiC with medium doping level. The contact materials were Ni and Ni₂Si. The structures had to be annealed at high temperatures in order to reach ohmic behavior. A number of surface treatment methods were tested: wet cleaning, plasma etching, intentional oxidation with etching, H₂ annealing and their combinations. After some types of cleaning, the SiC surface was immediately analysed using the XPS method. The results of the analyses showed that the composition of the surface was not much influenced by these treatments. At lower annealing temperatures (approx. up to 850 °C) the prepared contacts showed Schottky behavior with large scatter of parameters. After annealing at approx. 960 °C, where the onset of ohmic behavior is expected, the structures were truly ohmic and of good parameters. Cleaning methods had just a negligible influence on the electrical parameters of the ohmic contacts. An explanation for these observed facts is suggested: Although - already on the basis of the XPS results - we could speak about a negligible influence of the cleaning onto the contact parameters, there might come across also other mechanisms coming from interaction of contact materials with SiC, which caused similar behavior of ohmic contacts on differently treated surfaces.     

Mechanisms of current flow in metal-semiconductor ohmic contacts

Published data on the properties of metal-semiconductor ohmic contacts and mechanisms of current flow in these contacts (thermionic emission, field emission, thermal-field emission, and also current flow through metal shunts) are reviewed. Theoretical dependences of the resistance of an ohmic contact on temperature and the charge-carrier concentration in a semiconductor were compared with experimental data on ohmic contacts to II–VI semiconductors (ZnSe, ZnO), III–V semiconductors (GaN, AlN, InN, GaAs, GaP, InP), Group IV semiconductors (SiC, diamond), and alloys of these semiconductors. In ohmic contacts based on lightly doped semiconductors, the main mechanism of current flow is thermionic emission with the metal-semiconductor potential barrier height equal to 0.1–0.2 eV. In ohmic contacts based on heavily doped semiconductors, the current flow is effected owing to the field emission, while the metal-semiconductor potential barrier height is equal to 0.3–0.5 eV. In alloyed In contacts to GaP and GaN, a mechanism of current flow that is not characteristic of Schottky diodes (current flow through metal shunts formed by deposition of metal atoms onto dislocations or other imperfections in semiconductors) is observed.     

半导体器件金属化与接触可靠性的改善

描述了目前采用的界面效应合金效应，覆盖效应和回流效应等四种提高半导体器件金属化和接触可靠性的方法及其特点。介绍了最新研究成果，展望了其应用前景。     

Effects of vacuum annealing on electrical properties of GaN contacts

To understand formation and deterioration mechanisms of Ta/Ti ohmic contacts that were previously developed for p-GaN, the electrical properties of the Ta/Ti contacts, which were deposited on undoped GaN substrates and subsequently annealed in vacuum (where a slash (/) sign indicates the deposition sequence), were studied. The Ta/Ti contacts displayed good ohmic behavior after annealing at a temperature of 800°C for 10 min in vacuum, although the undoped GaN substrates were used. However, deterioration of the present ohmic contacts was observed during room-temperature storage. These contact properties were similar to those observed in the Ta/Ti contacts prepared on p-GaN. Hall-effect measurements revealed that thin n-type conductive layers were found to form on surfaces of both the undoped GaN and p-GaN substrates after annealing at 800°C in vacuum.     

GaN上的欧姆接触

主要描述了在ｎ 型和ｐ 型ＧａＮ上制备欧姆接触的方法,分析了欧姆接触的特性及其形成机理, 并讨论了该领域未来的研究趋势     

Low Resistance Contacts to p-CulnSe2 and p-CdTe Crystals

Room temperature formation of ohmic contacts by electroplating gold on chemically treated surfaces of p-CuInSe₂ and p-CdTe single crystals is reported. The effect of Br₂/methanol and KOH+KCN+H₂O treatments prior to plating was analyzed in the case of CuInSe₂. It is shown that the former treatment yields better ohmic contacts, with lower contact resistance, than the latter. While annealing these contacts made them highly non-ohmic, the method gives reasonably ohmic contacts on surfaces, that were purposely oxidized prior to contact preparation. In the case of p-CdTe stable, low resistance ohmic contacts were obtained at room temperature by electrochemical diffusion of Hg from solution, prior to gold plating. The treatment forms a highly degenerated p^+- HgCdTe layer. The contacts, which have a very low contact to bulk resistivity ratio, were further improved by vacuum annealing.     

Fabrication and characterization of nonalloyed Cr/Au ohmic contacts to n- and p-type In0.53Ga0.47As

Ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing have been used to selectively produce thin high carrier concentration n- and p-type layers on In0.53Ga0.47As, and nonalloyed ohmic contacts with excellent properties have been achieved by depositing layers of Cr and Au on the implanted regions. The Cr/Au metallization is used to produce ohmic contacts on both p-type and n-type material in the same deposition. A series of electrical test patterns based on the transmission line model and four terminal structure were used to characterize the contact resistance of both alloyed and nonalloyed ohmic contact metallizations on In0.53Ga0.47As. The nonalloyed contacts to n-type material are superior to conventional alloyed contacts made in this study, while the nonalloyed contacts to p-type material are a factor of 5 higher resistance.     

Au and non-Au based rare earth metal-silicide ohmic contacts to p-InGaAs

The aim of this study is to improve the electrical properties of ohmic contacts that plays crucial role on the performance of optoelectronic devices such as laser diodes (LDs), light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors (PDs). The conventional (Pd/Ir/Au, Ti/Pt/Au and Pt/Ti/Pt/Au), Au and non-Au based rare earth metal-silicide ohmic contacts (Gd/Si/Ti/Au, Gd/Si/Pt/Au and Gd/Si/Pt) to p-InGaAs were investigated and compared each other. To calculate the specific contact resistivities the Transmission Line Model (TLM) was used. Minimum specific contact resistivity of the conventional contacts was found as 0.111 × 10⁻⁶ Ω cm² for Pt/Ti/Pt/Au contact at 400 °C annealing temperature. For the rare earth metal-silicide ohmic contacts, the non-Au based Gd/Si/Pt has the minimum value of 4.410 × 10⁻⁶ Ω cm² at 300 °C annealing temperature. As a result, non-Au based Gd/Si/Pt contact shows the best ohmic contact behavior at a relatively low annealing temperature among the rare earth metal-silicide ohmic contacts. Although the Au based conventional ohmic contacts are thermally stable and have lower noise in electronic circuits, by using the non-Au based rare earth metal-silicide ohmic contacts may overcome the problems of Au-based ohmic contacts such as higher cost, poorer reliability, weaker thermal stability, and the device degradation due to relatively higher alloying temperatures. To the best of our knowledge, the Au and non-Au based rare earth metal-silicide (GdSi_x) ohmic contacts to p-InGaAs have been proposed for the first time.     

Ohmic-Contact Technology for GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes: Role of P-Type Contact

GaN-based semiconductors are of great technological importance for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes. The further improvement of LED performance can be achieved through the enhancement of external quantum efficiency. In this regard, high-quality p-type ohmic electrodes having low contact resistance and high transmittance (or reflectivity), along with thermal stability, must be developed because p-type ohmic contacts play a key role in the performance of LEDs. In this paper, we review recent advances in p-type ohmic-contact technology for GaN-based LEDs. A variety of methods for forming transparent and reflective ohmic contacts are introduced.     

HEMT with nonalloyed ohmic contacts using n+-InGaAs cap layer

We have investigated nonalloyed ohmic contacts on HEMT's using a highly conductive n⁺-InGaAs layer. The minimum specific contact resistance obtained was 4.8 × 10^-7Ω.cm², and the IV characteristics were equal to or better than those of conventional HEMT's with alloyed ohmic contacts. The maximum transconductances of a nonalloyed ohmic HEMT were 240 mS/mm at 300K and 340 mS/mm at 88K for a gate length of 1.1 µm. We conclude that it is not necessary for HEMT's with two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channels to have alloyed ohmic contacts, because the tunneling conduction is significant at the n-GaAs/n-AlGaAs/undoped GaAs double heterojunction.