中国成为世界第三大燃料乙醇生产国

据统计，巴西和美国的合计燃料乙醇产量约占了世界燃料乙醇产量的90％。在巴西，90％的乙醇都用作燃料，巴西乙醇的消费量已占到全国汽车燃料消费量的43％。随着油价高涨，巴西的乙醇出口增速越来越快，     

乙醇-柴油混合燃料的理化特性的研究

为了有助于开展乙醇柴油混合燃料在发动机上的应用研究，本文开展了不同乙醇掺混比例柴油乙醇混合燃料的主要理化特性的研究。采用数值计算的方法研究了不同乙醇掺混比例对混合燃料的低热值、十六烷值的影响；开展燃料的蒸馏特性试验、粘温特性试验，研究了不同乙醇掺混比例(EO，E10，E20，E30)对混合燃料的蒸馏特性、粘温特性的影响，并对混合燃料的粘温特性试验结果进行数值回归；采用相溶特性试验研究了不同乙醇掺混比例的混合燃料(EO—E100)的相溶特性，以及助溶剂对混合燃料相溶特性曲线的影响。研究结果表明：随着乙醇掺混比例的增加，混合燃料的低热值、十六烷值、粘度逐渐降低，混合燃料的低温蒸馏特性较强，助溶剂可有效解决乙醇柴油的相溶问题。     

南充炼油化工总厂发展燃料乙醇的可行性

作为替代柴油的燃料乙醇，其性能和经济性早已得到认可。通过对燃料乙醇的生产及原料资源的调研分析，认为在南充炼油化工总厂发展燃料乙醇是切实可行的。     

我国“十五”乙醇汽油推广使用目标按期实现

我国“十五”十大重点工程之一，生物燃料乙醇产业取得了重大发展。按照生物燃料乙醇“十五”发展专项规划，国家批准建设了4个生物燃料乙醇生产试点项目。4个企业已累计生产生物燃料乙醇120多万t。生物乙醇汽油的消费量已占全国汽油消费量的20％，圆满完成“十五”期间推广生物乙醇汽油的既定目标。。目前，我国已成为世界上继巴西、美国之后第三大生物燃料乙醇生产国。     

中国与丹麦合作开发第二代燃料乙醇

中国石化集团、中粮集团与丹麦诺维信公司最近签署合作协议，共同致力于利用农作物废料来开发燃料乙醇，旨在开发利用农作物废料玉米秸秆纤维素生产第二代燃料乙醇的规模化商业生产流程，合作包括了整个燃料乙醇的生产和销售产业链。     

木薯乙醇-汽油混合燃料生命周期能源消耗多目标优化研究

建立了木薯乙醇—汽油混合燃料生命周期能源消耗单目标和多目标优化模型。以生命周期总体能源消耗、化石燃料消耗和石油消耗为优化目标，对木薯乙醇—汽油混合燃料生命周期能源消耗进行了单目标及多目标优化，并进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明：多目标优化能使木薯乙醇—汽油混合燃料的生命周期总体能源、化石燃料和石油消耗同时降低，可以为木薯乙醇—汽油混合燃料的应用提供决策依据，具有重要的应用价值。     

巴西将大力发展燃料乙醇工业

巴西燃料乙醇生产企业在今后6年内预计将得到累计170亿美元的投资。最近一个收获季，在巴西中南部地区就有32家新建的乙醇燃料工厂投入生产。目前巴西共有84家乙醇生产厂。     

巴西2008年燃料乙醇产量将创历史新高

今年巴西甘蔗产量将在6．078亿吨至6．315亿吨之间，比去年增产8．8％至13．1％。其中，近55％用于生产燃料乙醇，44％用于生产蔗糖，剩下的1％作为饲料等。甘蔗的增产给燃料乙醇的增产创造了条件，而巴西国内市场需求的增加，也推动了燃料乙醇的生产。今年巴西燃料乙醇的产量将达到264．5亿升，创历史新高。巴西的双燃料汽车目前已经达到500万辆。     

中国甘蔗燃料乙醇生产的技术、经济和环境可行性分析

我国甘蔗燃料乙醇产业的发展是以2001年国家基于石油替代战略而启动“变性燃料乙醇”和“车用燃料乙醇”计划为背景发展起来的。目前燃料乙醇发展的突出障碍是生产成本较高,因此,需要国家的大量补贴。文中借鉴巴西利用甘蔗发展低成本燃料乙醇的经验,对中国甘蔗燃料乙醇生产的技术成熟度、市场竞争力和环境影响进行了分析,并得出：中国用甘蔗生产燃料乙醇在工艺和设备上不存在根本性、长期性的障碍;在目前的燃料乙醇和食糖价格下,甘蔗燃料乙醇的生产具有相对优势;甘蔗燃料乙醇生产中对环境的负面影响在现有的环保技术条件下可以得到克服,并且还将促进温室气体减排。     

巴西2008年燃料乙醇产量将创历史新高

今年巴西甘蔗产量将在6．078亿t至6．315亿t之间．比去年增产8．8％至13．1％。其中，近55％用于生产燃料乙醇．44％用于生产蔗糖，剩下的1％作为饲料等。甘蔗的增产给燃料乙醇的增产创造了条件，而巴西国内市场需求的增加，也推动了燃料乙醇的生产。今年巴西燃料乙醇的产量将达到264．5亿L，创历史新高。巴西的双燃料汽车目前已经达到500万辆。     

新型多碳醇-柴油燃料对柴油机性能及排放的影响

试验在一台S195柴油机上进行,试验结果表明,新型多碳醇-柴油混合燃料的油耗率比纯柴油高,但随负荷的增大,差距呈下降趋势。新型混合燃料在较大工况范围都保持较低的CO排放量。新型混合燃料中,小比例多碳醇油料的加入有利于混合燃料的HC排放状况的改善,大比例多碳醇油料的加入,对改善混合燃料的HC排放影响不明显;新型混合燃料的NOx排放均比纯柴油低,并且小比例多碳醇-柴油混合燃料的NOx排放比其大比例混合燃料的NOx排放量低;新型混合燃料的碳烟排放均比纯柴油低,并且随着多碳醇掺混比例的增大,改善效果越好。     

Comparative exergy analysis of direct alcohol fuel cells using fuel mixtures

Within the last years there has been increasing interest in direct liquid fuel cells as power sources for portable devices and, in the future, power plants for electric vehicles and other transport media as ships will join those applications. Methanol is considerably more convenient and easy to use than gaseous hydrogen and a considerable work is devoted to the development of direct methanol fuel cells. But ethanol has much lower toxicity and from an ecological viewpoint ethanol is exceptional among all other types of fuel as is the only chemical fuel in renewable supply. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of using direct alcohol fuel cells fed with alcohol mixtures. For this purpose, a comparative exergy analysis of a direct alcohol fuel cell fed with alcohol mixtures against the same fuel cell fed with single alcohols is performed. The exergetic efficiency and the exergy loss and destruction are calculated and compared in each case. When alcohol mixtures are fed to the fuel cell, the contribution of each fuel to the fuel cell performance is weighted attending to their relative proportion in the aqueous solution. The optimum alcohol composition for methanol/ethanol mixtures has been determined.     

CG125发动机燃用生物燃料(醇燃料)初探

生物燃料是清洁能源,目前,生物燃料主要指醇类燃料。首先简要介绍了醇类燃料的性质、国内外研究以及使用醇类燃料的现状;然后,选择目前国内生产量和保有量最大的小型发动机(排量125 mL)——CG125发动机为研究对象,探讨醇类燃料在该机中应用的技术方案,以及推广应用的途径。     

利用纤维素制备燃料酒精的研究

纤维素原料资源贮量十分丰富，又是可再生资源，利用纤维素制备燃料酒精是发展新能源的重要途径，具有巨大的潜力和可再生性。文章综述了燃料酒精的发展状况，重点阐述利用纤维素制造燃料酒精的预处理、糖化、发酵过程的新工艺。     

加快煤基醇醚燃料的推广应用——关于建立我国区域醇醚燃料推广应用示范区的建议

我国车用燃料甲醇国家标准和车用甲醇汽油（M85）国家标准已获批准。我国生产甲醇的主要原料是煤,2008年国内煤制甲醇的产能约1270×104t,约占甲醇总产能的61%,预计到2010年,国内将有超过70%的甲醇产能以煤为原料。为加快醇醚燃料进入市场的步伐,建议在我国相关区域建立醇醚燃料产业推广应用示范区,逐步形成规范的区域大市场,在保障我国能源安全、促进能源燃料需求与供给的平衡等方面发挥作用。建立示范区应选择具有一定醇醚燃料生产基础的省份及地区,选择煤炭资源丰富及甲醇工业发展较快的地区和燃料乙醇等生物质能源没有覆盖的地区。并应以大型甲醇或醇醚燃料生产企业为主,以新能源汽车大型生产企业为依托选择示范区。同时,推广醇醚燃料还需要国家政策的支持和各地区、各企业之间的合作,特别是质量认证、市场准入、技术创新、物流运输、醇醚燃料标准化建设等工作,是建立示范区过程中的工作重点。     

Alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells

The faster kinetics of the alcohol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions in alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells (ADAFCs), opening up the possibility of using less expensive metal catalysts, as silver, nickel and palladium, makes the alkaline direct alcohol fuel cell a potentially low cost technology compared to acid direct alcohol fuel cell technology, which employs platinum catalysts. A boost in the research regarding alkaline fuel cells, fuelled with hydrogen or alcohols, was due to the development of alkaline anion-exchange membranes, which allows the overcoming of the problem of the progressive carbonation of the alkaline electrolyte. This paper presents an overview of catalysts and membranes for ADAFCs, and of testing of ADAFCs, fuelled with methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol, formed by these materials.     

Combustion and emission characteristics of a two-stroke diesel engine operating on alcohol

Though, as a renewable energy resource, alcohol fuel has many advantages in China, it is difficult for diesel engines to operate on alcohol due to its low cetane number and high latent heat of vaporization. This paper proposes an approach to its ignition problem by combining internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) with injection of small diesel fuel. Based on this approach, a two-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine was developed. Preliminary studies demonstrated that the engine can run on alcohol with almost zero level of smoke and low exhaust gas temperature, and that the engine operating on alcohol has lower nitrogen oxide (NO_x) emissions and 2–3% higher effective thermal efficiency than that operating on diesel fuel in moderate and high load zones.     

Development and perspective of promising energy plants for bioethanol production in Taiwan

The global energy crisis and continual soaring prices of fossil fuels force people to seek the new and recycled alternative energy sources hard. Biodiesel oil as well as bioethanol fuel, as two new and clean fuels for environmental protection, have already been approved as substitutes for fuel or fuel additive. Some common bottlenecks for production of biodiesel crops have been found. However, developing bioethanol crops in Taiwan has many benefits. Four most promising alcohol crops in Taiwan, i.e., sweet potato, maize, sugarcane, and sweet sorghum have been discussed. Sweet sorghum can be strongly recommended as a key alcohol crop in Taiwan, because of its short growing period, low water requirement, large amount of biomass and alcohol produced, and greater income obtained from sweet sorghum cultivation.     

Critical challenges in the system development of direct alcohol fuel cells as portable power supplies: An overview

Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) are considered a reasonable alternative power source because alcohol has a much higher energy density than hydrogen. Most DAFC development has focused on small portable application by using passive systems. DAFCs with active feed systems have appeared as potential portable power sources for larger applications, as they are easily handled, simple systems with smaller volumes than polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). A general active DAFC system consists of a fuel and oxidant supplying system, product management and fuel concentration control. However, system development and commercialization are constrained by various critical challenges. This paper highlights the critical challenges of the fuel cell system rather than fundamental problems in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), including fuel feed fluctuation, contaminant poisoning, two-phase flow, low power density, and heat and water management.     

我国开发燃料酒精的综合效益分析

就现阶段我国开发燃料酒精的综合效益进行了初步分析。利用可再生的稻谷、玉米和薯干为原料,生产酒精的能量效益均高于１,其中稻谷酒精的能量效益最高为１．６６,玉米酒精能量效益次之为１．４８,薯干酒精能量效益最低为１．３３。在掺烧酒精时,乙醇费用可与汽油费用相竞争;但亡还可以减少环境污染,有明显的环境效益;另外它还可以椎进农业的产业化发展,增加农民收入,减少农村失业人数,满足我国日益增长的能源需求。