Partial and complete hydrogenation of poly(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene)

Summary Poly(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-silapentane)(II), andblock copoly(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene/1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-silapentane) (block-III) have been prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of poly(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene)(I) over 5% palladium on carbon. These polymers have been characterized by¹H,¹³C and²⁹Si NMR as well as IR spectroscopy. Molecular weight distributions have been evaluated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermal stabilities have been measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Glass transition temperatures (T_g's) have been determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).     

Synthesis of poly(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-silapentane) by chemical reduction of poly)1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene with diimide

Summary Poly(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-silapentane) (I) has been prepared by the chemical reduction of the carbon-carbon double bonds of poly(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene (cis-II) with diimide, which was generatedin-situ by the thermal decomposition ofp-toluenesulfonhydrazide in refluxing toluene. At lower temperature (100°C),cis-II is isomerized byp-toluenesulfinic acid to lower molecular weight poly(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-sila-cis andtrans-pent-3-ene) (cis/trans-II). Protodesilation of I with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid yields poly(1-methyl-1-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-1-silapentane) (III). The structures of I andcis/trans-II have been characterized by¹H,¹³C and²⁹Si NMR, GPC, TGA and elemental analysis. The structure of I has been characterized spectroscopically by¹H,¹³C,¹⁹F and²⁹Si NMR.     

Stress-strain behavior and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(1,1-dimethyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene), poly(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) and of these polymers after crosslinking with sulfur

Mechanical properties of polymers can be described by their stress/strain curves and by their behavior under dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The purpose of this paper is to report such mechanical properties for two unsaturated polycarbosilanes: poly(1, 1-dimethyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) (I) and poly(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) (II). Tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, bending modulus, T_g, and tan δ for I, II and for sulfur crosslinked I and II have been measured. The influence of polymer molecular weight, quantity of crosslinking agent, cure time, presence of carbon black filler, the effect of crosshead speed, and frequency on these properties was investigated.     

Birch reduction of the dichlorocarbene adduct of poly(1,1-dimethyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene)(Cl2C-I): synthesis and characterization of poly(1,1-dimethyl-3,4-methylene-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) CH2-I)

Summary Birch reduction of the dichlorocarbene adduct of poly(1,1-dimethyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) (Cl₂C-I) yields poly(1,1-dimethyl-3,4-methylene-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) (CH₂-I) which has been characterized by ¹H, ¹³C and ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy as well as by elemental analysis. The molecular weight distribution of CH₂-I has been determined by GPC and its thermal stability by TGA. Its glass transition temperature was obtained by DSC.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(1-sila-cis-pent-3-enes) substituted with pendant pyridinyl groups

Poly[1-methyl-1-[3′-(3″-pyridinyl)propyl]-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene], poly[1-phenyl-1-[3′-(3″-pyridinyl)propyl)-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene], and poly[1-phenyl-1-(4′-pyridinyl)-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene] were synthesized by the anionic ring-opening polymerization of 1-methyl-1-[3′-(3″-pyridinyl)propyl]-1-silacyclopent-3-ene, 1-phenyl-1-[3′-(3″-pyridinyl)propyl]-1-silacyclopent-3-ene, and 1-phenyl-1-(4′-pyridinyl)-1-silacyclopent-3-ene, respectively. These are the first polycarbosilanes which contain heterocyclic pyridine units as side-chain substituents. These polymers were characterized by¹H,¹³C, and²⁹Si NMR as well as by IR and UV spectroscopy. The molecular weight distributions were determined by gel permeation chromatography, glass transition temperatures, by differential seanning calorimetry: (DSC) and thermal behavior, by thermogravimetric analysis. (TGA).     

Preparation and properties of high molecular weight poly(1-germa-) or poly(1-sila-cis-pent-3-enes)

High molecular weight poly(1,1-dimethyl-1-germa-cis-pent-3-ene), poly(1,1-diphenyl-1-germa-cis-pent-3-ene), poly(1,1-dimethyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene), and poly(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) have been prepared. The thermal stability of these polymers is found to increase with their molecular weight.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(1-methyl-1-silabutane), poly(1-phenyl-1-silabutane) and poly(1-silabutane)

Summary Anionic ring opening polymerization of 1-methyl-1-silacyclobutane, 1-phenyl-1-silacyclobutane and 1-silacyclobutane co-catalyzed by n-butyllithium and hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) in THF at-78°C yields poly(1-methyl-1-silabutane), poly(1-phenyl-1-silabutane) and poly(1-silabutane) respectively. These saturated carbosilane polymers possess reactive Si-H bonds. They have been characterized by ¹H, ¹³C and ²⁹Si NMR as well as FT-IR and UV spectroscopy. Their molecular weight distributions have been determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermal stabilities by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and glass transition temperatures (T_g) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).     

Anionic ring opening polymerization of 1-phenyl-1-vinyl-1-silacyclopent-3-ene

Summary Poly(1-phenyl-1-vinyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) (I) has been prepared by the anionic ring opening polymerization of 1-phenyl-1-vinyl-1-silacyclopent-3-ene (II) co-catalyzed by n-butyllithium and hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) in THF at-78°C. I has been characterized by ¹H, ¹³C and ²⁹Si NMR as well as by IR and UV spectroscopy. The molecular weight distribution of I has been determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), its thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and its glass transition temperature (T_g) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal degradation of I in an inert atmosphere gives a twenty-seven percent char yield.     

Luminescence and photo-oxidation of commercial poly(4-methylpent-1-ene)

The fluorescence and phosphorescence excitation and emission spectra of commercial poly(4-methylpent-1-ene) are examined using a fully compensated spectrofluorometer. The excitation spectra of the polymer are compared with the absorption spectra of model chromophores of those believed to be present in the polymer. The fluorescence emission is primarily associated with the presence of enone and the phosphorescence with dienone impurity chromophoric units. Bromination of cold hexane extracts of the polymer significantly reduces the intensity of the fluorescence, confirming the presence of ethylenic unsaturation. The behavior of the luminescent enone and dienone groups during irradiation under sunlight-simulated conditions is also examined. Possible mechanisms for the participation of these chromophoric units in the photo-oxidation of poly(4-methylpent-1-ene) are discussed.     

1-(2-氰基)-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮的合成

邻氨基苯腈经重氮化、还原、酸析制得邻氰基苯肼盐酸盐.邻氰基苯肼盐酸盐经碱液中和,在乙醇溶液中与乙酰乙酸甲酯的醇溶液经亲核取代闭环成目标产物1-(2-氰基)-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮.对邻氰基苯肼盐酸盐和1-(2-氰基)-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮的合成工艺进行了改进,总收率约为79.4%     

2,3-环硫-1-(2-呋喃基)-3-苯基-1-酮的合成

以1-(2-呋喃基)-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮(FPPO)、过氧化氢、硫脲为原料,以四丁基溴化铵为催化剂,采用一锅法合成2,3-环硫-1-(2-呋喃基)-3-苯基-1-酮(TFPO)。通过单因素实验,考察了时间、温度、氧化剂用量、催化剂用量等对TFPO产率的影响,进一步利用正交实验优化法对合成TFPO的工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,合成TFPO较佳的工艺条件为:环氧化温度为5℃,硫化时间为2 h,硫化温度为35℃,n(硫脲)∶n(FPPO)=1∶1,催化剂用量为15.5%(以FPPO物质的量为基准计算得到,下同)。在该条件下,TFPO产率为85.8%。采用FTIR、1HNMR和13CNMR确认了TFPO的结构,应用TGA、UV测试了TFPO的性能。TGA测试结果显示,TFPO的耐热温度为160℃,展现出良好的热稳定性。紫外测试结果表明,TFPO的透光率可达90%以上,具有优异的透光性能。     

Nuclear spin—lattice relaxation and molecular motions in isotactic poly(but-1-ene) and (but-1-ene)—propylene copolymers in solution

¹³C spin—lattice relaxation times have been measured at 25.15 MHz on poly(but-1-ene) and (but-1-ene)—propylene copolymers, as a function of molecular weight and concentration in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and over the 50°–150°C temperature range. Maximum nuclear Overhauser enhancement was observed for all carbons. Independence of T₁ from molecular weight and bulk sample viscosity for solutions less concentrated than 50% w/v, indicates that relaxation is dominated by local conformational rearrangements rather than by overall tumbling of the macromolecule. Relaxation studies on copolymers show that this segmental motion affects only short sequences of the chain. No influence of stereochemical configurations is observed. Relaxation data for backbone carbons was interpreted in terms of a single τ isotropic motional model. Internal rotations of side CH₂ and CH₃ groups were analysed using the two and three correlation times Woessner models, and show little dependence on an eventual anisotropy of chain motion. Similar temperature dependence (18–21 kJ/mol) is observed for chain and side carbons, and even if internal reorientation of side CH₃ groups is much more rapid, it appears interlinked with segmental motion.     

1-(2-呋喃基)-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮的合成与表征

以2-乙酰呋喃和苯甲醛为原料,经碱催化发生Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应,合成了一种查尔酮类化合物1-(2-呋喃基)-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮(FPPO)。在考察了各因素对缩合反应的影响后,采用响应面实验优化法探讨了反应时间、氢氧化钾质量分数、n(苯甲醛)∶n(2-乙酰呋喃)对产物FPPO产率的影响。结果表明:当n(苯甲醛)∶n(2-乙酰呋喃)=1.47∶1、反应时间为1 h、氢氧化钾质量分数为5.75%时,产物FPPO产率为63.3%,将相转移催化剂聚乙二醇-400 (PEG-400) 6 g加入反应体系后,FPPO产率可达88.5%。利用UV、FTIR和~1HNMR对其结构进行了确证,同时利用荧光光谱仪、DSC和TGA分别测试了FPPO的荧光性能和热稳定性。荧光性能测试结果显示:FPPO具有良好的荧光性能,当浓度为1.0×10~(-4) mol/L时,荧光强度为3.13×10~4 a.u.;DSC和TGA结果显示:FPPO具有较好的热稳定性,耐热温度约为140℃。     

Synthesis and degradation of poly (alkyl α-cyanoacrylates)

In order to study structure-tissue reactivity relationships and ultimately develop a less necrotizing adhesive, this laboratory undertook a study of the synthesis and degradation of the homologous series of α-cyanoacrylate monomers and polymers. A method for synthesizing high purity cyanoacrylates and some of their chemical and physical properties and presented. In vitro kinetics studies under heterotgeneous and homogeneous conditions indicate that cyanoacrylate polymers degrade by hydrolytic scission of the polymer chain. The products resulting from such a scission are formaldehyde (positively identified by derivative formation) and ultimately and alkyl cyanoacetate. As the homologous series is ascended, the rate of degradation under neutral conditions decreases. In homogeneous solutions, under alkaline conditions, the ràte of degradation is considerably higher than under neutral conditions and the rates obtained with the methyl to the butyl derivative are of the same order. Aproposed mechanism of degradation is presented. Medical evaluation has indicated that as the homologous series is ascended, the greater the tissue tolerance to the monomers and polymers. The relevance of the results of the in vitro studies to this medical finding is presented.     

在线红外对1-苯基-5-(4-氟苯基)-3-羟基吡唑合成反应进程的研究

1苯基5(4氟苯基)3羟基吡唑化合物是一种活性药物中间体,经测试具有一定的杀虫杀菌活性。可由1苯基5(4氟苯基)3吡唑烷酮在FeCl3的催化下,由空气中的O2氧化得到,反应进行20h基本完成。利用在线反应红外光谱对该氧化反应进程进行研究,得到一系列特征官能团吸收峰随反应进程变化的谱图。通过分析官能团特征吸收峰随时间的变化情况,初步了解了此类反应的机理和进程,并且证明了该产物在溶剂中还存在酮式异构体的结构。     

螺硼酸酯不对称催化制备(R)-3-氯-苯丙醇

以3-氯-苯丙酮为原料,螺硼酸酯为催化剂,采用不对称催化还原法合成手性中间体(R)-3-氯-苯丙醇。考察了溶剂对催化剂活性的影响以及催化剂用量、硼烷用量和温度对产品纯度和光学纯度的影响。以乙酸乙酯溶剂中制得的手性螺硼酸酯为催化剂,在n(3-氯-苯丙酮)∶n(螺硼酸酯)∶n(硼烷)=1∶0.1∶0.6,反应温度5~10℃条件下,产品纯度达99.5%,产品光学纯度96.3%e.e.。     

螺硼酸酯不对称催化制备（R）-3-氯-苯丙醇

以3-氯-苯丙酮为原料,螺硼酸酯为催化剂,采用不对称催化还原法合成手性中间体（R）-3-氯-苯丙醇。考察了溶剂对催化剂活性的影响以及催化剂用量、硼烷用量和温度对产品纯度和光学纯度的影响。以乙酸乙酯溶剂中制得的手性螺硼酸酯为催化剂,在n（3-氯-苯丙酮）：n（螺硼酸酯）：n（硼烷）=1：0.1：0.6,反应温度5~10℃条件下,产品纯度达99.5%,产品光学纯度96.3% e.e.。     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of 3-(2-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-indoles and 3-(2-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-7-azaindoles

Given the potent antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor activities of many natural products, there is an increasing interest in the synthesis of new molecules based on natural compound scaffolds. Based on a 2,4-bis(3'-indolyl)imidazole skeleton, two new series of phenylthiazolylindoles and phenylthiazolyl-7-azaindoles were obtained by Hantzsch reaction between substituted phenylthioamides and the α-bromoacetyl derivatives. Some azaindole derivatives, tested at the National Cancer Institute against a panel of ～60 tumor cell lines derived from nine human cancer cell types, showed inhibitory effects against all cell lines investigated at micromolar to nanomolar concentrations. Two of them exhibited a high affinity for CDK1, with IC(50) values of 0.41 and 0.85 μM. These promising results will set the foundation for future investigations into the development of anticancer therapies.     

1-(2,6-二异丙基苯基)-2-苯基-1H-咪唑的合成

以2,6-二异丙基苯胺为原料,与苯甲酰氯成酰胺,再经三氯氧磷氯代,氨基乙醛缩二乙醇亲核取代后,在磷酸作用下环合得到1-(2,6-二异丙基苯基)-2-苯基-1H-咪唑,4步反应的总收率为47.7%。目标化合物结构经ESI-MS、1H NMR确证。