The results gained by operative treatment of the urinary incontinence before and after the menopause (author''s transl)

The survival rate of matched pairs of patients, one patient in each pair being submitted to prophylactic neck dissection, the other to a policy of "wait and see" has been measured: there was no significant difference in the survival rates of the two groups. Surgery for most patients with a gland in the neck gives better results than radiotherapy, and can produce satisfactory results with such procedures as supraglottic laryngectomy to epiglottic tumours and replacement with the deltopectoral flap for tonsillar tumours. On the other hand, surgery is probably contraindicated for patients with antral carcinoma and a gland in the neck, whom it rarely cures. Surgery does not increase the survival of patients with bilateral glands in the neck (except those with supraglottic tumours) and its contraindicated. Surgery can prolong the survival of patients with nodes fixed to the skin, the mandible or the external carotid artery, and may occassionally cure such patients.     

External ventricular drainage--a new aspect in the operative treatment of head injury (author's transl)

It is not only for CSF-removal in conservative treatment of oedema and control of the effectiveness of osmo-onco-therapy, contricosteroids, anticholinergics and aldosterone-antagonists, that external CSF drainage in severe cerebral trauma has proved of value. It has also made it possible to assess objectively the indications for bitemporal craniotomy in raised intracrainial pressure with an acute midbrain syndrome caused by tentorial herniation. Continuous monitoring of ICP permits an intervention at the right time and prevents one from operating too late, namely at a moment, when manifest neurological signs already indicate cerebral decompensaervative steps failing, a bitemporal craniectomy is indicated: in this way we lower intracranial pressure, liberate the rostral brain stem out of its strangulation and improve cerebral perfusion and metabolism.     

Conservative or operative treatment of fractures of the head of the tibia (author's transl)

Whether fractures of the head of the tibia have to be treated conservatively or surgically in an active way depends on the type of the fracture. In cases with small dislocation conservative treatment should be given priority. Only fractures with badly dislocated fragments should be operated on (osteosythesis).     

The operative management of laryngo-tracheal stenosis (author's transl)

The different types of laryngo-tracheal stenoses are grouped by etiology and operative procedures for correction. The operations used are described in detail, and our experiences analysed.     

Decholedochoduodenostomy - indications and operative technique (author's transl)

21 cases of decholedochoduodenostomy are reported. The reinterventions were necessary because of narrowing of the anastomosis, choledocholithiasis, developement of a blind-sack in the retroduodenal choledochal duct and because of intolerance of the duodenal-biliary reflux. In one case a broncho-biliary fistula was treated. In all cases an ascending cholangitis was observed. The indication for relaparotomy is decided on the basis of the anamnesis. The operative technique for decholedochoduodenostomy is described.     

Repeated method operations in recurrent urinary incontinence (author''s transl)

The author thinks that psychiatric examination (asked by the judge) can be a therapeutic act: the first. The expert should not think he is a therapeutic man, nor should he say he is, but he must create by his intervention the circumstances that are necessary for a therapy.     

Gold drainage as a glaucoma operation (author's transl)

A glaucoma operation is described in which a piece of gold leaf 0.05 mm thick, 1.5 mm wide and 4 mm long is laid into a trepanation opening or into an anterior chamber angle incision after preparation of a scleral flap. The tendency of rejecting of large gold leaves was considerable. A diverticulum of the anterior chamber formed round all gold leaves through the scarred walls of which a reasonable regulation of pressure by drainage of the aqueous was apparently not possible. A real wick or drainage effect was not seen in any case.     

Experience with the use of cystometry and simultaneous cystometry and urethrometry to clarify urinary incontinence in women (author's transl)

Cystometry and simultaneous cystometry and urethrometry were conducted in 81 incontinent female patients (46 Grade I, 35 Grade II, according to the Ingelman-Sundberg Scale). The tonometric criteria for stress incontinence were presented and discussed by statistically comparing the pressure parameters for continent and incontinent patients. The results of both examinations indicated that, in almost all cases, the cause of incontinence (bladder, bladder obstruction or combination of both) can be determined with certainty. This method is well suited as a routine procedure to clarify urinary incontinence in women.