The Effectiveness of Antidiabetic Drugs in Treating Dementia: A Peek into Pharmacological and Pharmacokinetic Properties

Dementia dramatically affects the activities of daily living and quality of life; thus, many therapeutic approaches for overcoming dementia have been developed. However, an effective treatment regimen is yet to be developed. As diabetes is a well-known risk factor for dementia, drug repositioning and repurposing of antidiabetic drugs are expected to be effective dementia treatments. Several observational studies have been useful for understanding the effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs in treating dementia, but it is difficult to conclusively analyze the association between antidiabetic drug treatment and the risk of developing dementia after correcting for potential confounding factors. Mechanism-based approaches may provide a better understanding of the effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs for treating dementia. Since the peripheral circulation and the central nerve system are separated by the blood–brain barrier, it is important to understand the regulation of the central glucose metabolism. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of antidiabetic drugs in relation to treating dementia.     

小桐子的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

小桐子是我国重要的药用植物之一,小桐子中分离鉴定的二萜类化合物结构新颖,光谱复杂,且具有显著的抗癌活性,综述国内外关于小桐子的化学成分和药理作用的研究近况,并按化学结构类型进行了分类。     

浅析苍术多糖药理作用及应用研究

苍术的主要活性成分之一苍术多糖也因其因其在增强机体免疫力。抗病毒,抗应激等方面有较强的活性而备受关注。文章阐述苍术的主要化学成分、药理活性研究及在畜牧业生产中应用研究近况。指出了苍术多糖研究存在的主要问题和今后研究的主要方向。     

迷迭香化学成分及药理作用最新研究进展

综述了迷迭香的化学成分和药理作用的最新研究进展(2011~2015年),简述了其性状及加工方法。迷迭香作为使用价值丰富的唇形科植物,主要化学成分有迷迭香精油、鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚、迷迭香酸等,药理作用包括抗菌、抗氧化、抗抑郁、代谢调节、抗神经损伤、抗炎、抗肿瘤等。     

山茱萸的主要化学成分及药理作用

山茱萸是世界上三大名贵木本药材之一,具有抗茵、调节免疫、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗艾滋病、强心等重要的药用价值.重点介绍了山茱萸的主要化学成分及药理作用.     

浅谈国土资源数据中心建设

随着国土资源信息化管理工作的深入开展,对数据的组织、数据的管理也更加细化,数据中心的建设显得尤为重要,也为金土工程的建设奠定了良好的数据基础。     

浅析数据仓库、联机分析处理与数据挖掘

数据仓库、联机分析处理和数据挖掘是作为三种独立的信息处理技术出现的,通过对这三种技术内在的联系性和互补性的分析,可将它们结合起来构成一种新的决策支持系统。     

Melissa officinalis: Composition,Pharmacological Effects and Derived Release Systems—A Review

Melissa officinalis is a medicinal plant rich in biologically active compounds which is used worldwide for its therapeutic effects. Chemical studies on its composition have shown that it contains mainly flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and essential oil. The main active constituents of Melissa officinalis are volatile compounds (geranial, neral, citronellal and geraniol), triterpenes (ursolic acid and oleanolic acid), phenolic acids (rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid), and flavonoids (quercetin, rhamnocitrin, and luteolin). According to the biological studies, the essential oil and extracts of Melissa officinalis have active compounds that determine many pharmacological effects with potential medical uses. A new field of research has led to the development of controlled release systems with active substances from plants. Therefore, the essential oil or extract of Melissa officinalis has become a major target to be incorporated into various controlled release systems which allow a sustained delivery.     

A Computational Framework for Magnetic Polyoxometalates and Molecular Spin Structures: CONDON 2.0

The emergence of increasingly complex molecular magnets, driven in particular by polyoxometalate chemistry, requires theoretical tools to accurately model and understand their magnetic phenomena. At the same time the unambiguous verification of model Hamiltonians remains a challenge, tied to factors ranging from available independent experimental data sets to available computation resources. Focusing on several recent examples for magnetically functionalized polyoxometalates and polynuclear coordination complexes, we demonstrate the recent developments of CONDON 2.0 that aim to address these issues, and suggest measurement protocols that will aid our multi-parameter computational approach.     

Visceral Obesity and Its Shared Role in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scoping Review of the Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Treatments

The association between obesity, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been demonstrated in animal and epidemiological studies. However, the specific role of visceral obesity on cancer and CVD remains unclear. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a complex and metabolically active tissue, that can produce different adipokines and hormones, responsible for endocrine-metabolic comorbidities. This review explores the potential mechanisms related to VAT that may also be involved in cancer and CVD. In addition, we discuss the shared pharmacological treatments which may reduce the risk of both diseases. This review highlights that chronic inflammation, molecular aspects, metabolic syndrome, secretion of hormones and adiponectin associated to VAT may have synergistic effects and should be further studied in relation to cancer and CVD. Reductions in abdominal and visceral adiposity improve insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and cytokines, which consequently reduce the risk of CVD and some cancers. Several medications have shown to reduce visceral and/or subcutaneous fat. Further research is needed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms by which visceral obesity may cause both cancer and CVD. The role of visceral fat in cancer and CVD is an important area to advance. Public health policies to increase public awareness about VAT’s role and ways to manage or prevent it are needed.     

塑料性能可比单点数据和多点数据测试标准的分析与探讨

对塑料可比单点性能数据和多点性能数据测试的国际标准和国家标准进行了分析和讨论,包括测试方法、试样的尺寸和试样的制备;提出了获取可比较的塑料单点性能数据和多点性能数据的必要性和意义。     

我院特殊药品监管信息网络的建立及上报数据的形成

目的完善医疗机构特殊药品监管信息网络,实现SFDA对医疗机构特殊药品的监管。方法根据重庆市特殊药品监管信息网络结构,通过合理的药品编码及表格设计,建立医院麻醉药品和精神药品(一,二类)信息网络与上报数据流程。结果加强了特殊药品管理,使特殊药品相关数据能按时准确上报药监局。结论使特殊药品监控到"每一针,每一片"。     

Robust Classification Using Posterior Probability Threshold Computation Followed by Voronoi Cell Based Class Assignment Circumventing Pitfalls of Bayesian Analysis of Biomedical Data

Bayesian inference is ubiquitous in science and widely used in biomedical research such as cell sorting or “omics” approaches, as well as in machine learning (ML), artificial neural networks, and “big data” applications. However, the calculation is not robust in regions of low evidence. In cases where one group has a lower mean but a higher variance than another group, new cases with larger values are implausibly assigned to the group with typically smaller values. An approach for a robust extension of Bayesian inference is proposed that proceeds in two main steps starting from the Bayesian posterior probabilities. First, cases with low evidence are labeled as “uncertain” class membership. The boundary for low probabilities of class assignment (threshold ε) is calculated using a computed ABC analysis as a data-based technique for item categorization. This leaves a number of cases with uncertain classification (p < ε). Second, cases with uncertain class membership are relabeled based on the distance to neighboring classified cases based on Voronoi cells. The approach is demonstrated on biomedical data typically analyzed with Bayesian statistics, such as flow cytometric data sets or biomarkers used in medical diagnostics, where it increased the class assignment accuracy by 1–10% depending on the data set. The proposed extension of the Bayesian inference of class membership can be used to obtain robust and plausible class assignments even for data at the extremes of the distribution and/or for which evidence is weak.     

A Review of the Pharmacological Activities and Recent Synthetic Advances of γ-Butyrolactones

γ-Butyrolactone, a five-membered lactone moiety, is one of the privileged structures of diverse natural products and biologically active small molecules. Because of their broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities, synthetic methods for γ-butyrolactones have received significant attention from synthetic and medicinal chemists for decades. Recently, new developments and improvements in traditional methods have been reported by considering synthetic efficiency, feasibility, and green chemistry. In this review, the pharmacological activities of natural and synthetic γ-butyrolactones are described, including their structures and bioassay methods. Mainly, we summarize recent advances, occurring during the past decade, in the construction of γ-butyrolactone classified based on the bond formation in γ-butyrolactone between (i) C5-O1 bond, (ii) C4-C5 and C2-O1 bonds, (iii) C3-C4 and C2-O1 bonds, (iv) C3-C4 and C5-O1 bonds, (v) C2-C3 and C2-O1 bonds, (vi) C3-C4 bond, and (vii) C2-O1 bond. In addition, the application to the total synthesis of natural products bearing γ-butyrolactone scaffolds is described.     

基于传感器的PDA高速数据采集分析系统

为实现对现场各种物理量的传感器数据进行采集,开发了PDA高速数据采集与分析系统,设计了几种接入PDA系统的数据采集方式。