油茶果壳中茶皂素提取工艺研究

本论文研究了水酶法提取油茶壳中茶皂素的工艺参数,通过单因素试验考察酶添加量、料液比、提取时间、温度等因素对水酶法提取茶皂素的影响规律;然后,筛选三个显著性影响因素酶添加量、温度、浸提时间,根据中心组合试验(Box-Behnken)设计原理,以茶皂素提取率为响应值,优化茶皂素最佳提取工艺参数料液比1︰20,酶添加量2mg,温度60℃,浸提时间90min,在此条件下得到茶皂素的提取率为1.40%。     

柚子皮果胶的提取及软糖的研制

以柚子皮为原料,在超声条件下,研究了料液比、浸提pH值、水浴加热温度、超声提取时间四个因素对果胶提取率的影响。并通过正交试验确定了最佳的提取工艺参数。用提取得到的果胶制作了软糖。结果表明:四个因素对果胶提取的影响顺序为料液比水浴加热温度超声提取时间浸提pH值。最佳提取工艺参数为:料液比1∶20(g∶mL),浸提pH值为1,水浴加热温度为85℃,超声提取时间为40 min。该条件下柚子皮果胶的提取率为11. 68%。用果胶3 g,白砂糖15 g,葡萄糖20 g,柠檬酸0. 3 g,椰果粒5 g的配方制作出的软糖,口感、软硬度、弹性都较好,为柚子皮的开发利用提供了依据。     

酶法提取枸杞多糖的工艺研究

研究了酶法提取枸杞多糖的工艺,探讨了酶的种类、 pH值、料液比、酶解温度、酶解时间等对多糖提取率的影响。结果表明：果胶酶的提取效果最好;果胶酶最佳工艺条件为pH值为3.5,料液比为1：45,温度为55℃,时间为2 h,此条件下枸杞多糖的提取率达7.40％。     

酶法辅助提取花生壳总黄酮的研究

本文优化了酶法辅助提取花生壳中总黄酮的工艺条件。首先通过单因素实验确定影响总黄酮提取率的因素,然后通过正交实验优化最佳酶解条件。结果表明,料液比、纤维素酶用量、酶解温度和酶解时间均对总黄酮的提取率有一定影响。其中,最佳提取条件为料液比1∶10(g/m L)、加酶量0.8%、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间120 min。在最佳条件下,花生壳总黄酮的提取率为3.08%,比直接乙醇浸提法提高了43.26%,说明花生壳经过纤维素酶预处理,可显著提高其总黄酮的提取率。     

超声辅助法提取金针菇多糖的工艺优化

通过单因素实验和正交实验优化了超声辅助法提取金针菇多糖的工艺条件。确定最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1：40（g：mL）、超声功率70w、超声时间10min、浸提温度50℃、浸提时间2h,此时,金针菇多糖提取率达到（3．14±0．14）％。     

响应面优化超声辅助提取 西红柿中果胶工艺

采用响应面分析法优化对超声辅助提取西红柿中果胶工艺进行优化。研究了超声时间、提取温度、浸提液pH值、料液比等单因素对西红柿中果胶提取率的影响。基于单因素试验结果,以乙醇为提取剂,根据Box-Behnken Design(BBD)设计响应面试验,应用Design expert.V8.0.6.1软件对BBD实验数据分析,确定最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度61℃、超声时间40min、浸提液pH值为2、料液比1∶5(g·mL~(-1)),果胶提取率最高达到0.854%。     

响应面法优化东革阿里中蛋白质的提取工艺

采用响应面法优化东革阿里中蛋白质的提取工艺。以东革阿里蛋白质提取率为考察指标,分别考察提取时间、料液比、提取温度、pH因素对东革阿里中的蛋白质提取率的影响,在单因素试验基础上,利用Box-Benken响应面法优化东革阿里蛋白质的提取条件。结果表明最佳提取条件是：提取时间为1.8 h,料液比为1:30(g/mL),提取温度为50℃,pH为11时,东革阿里的蛋白质提取率达到2.04%,为东革阿里蛋白质的提取提供实验依据。     

栅藻藻渣营养成分分析及蛋白提取工艺优化

研究了二形栅藻藻渣的蛋白提取工艺及氨基酸组成,在测定藻渣蛋白等电点的基础上考察了浸提液pH值、液料比、浸提温度与时间对蛋白提取率的影响. 由正交实验得出提取藻渣蛋白的最佳工艺条件为：浸提液pH值12、液料比40 mL/g、浸提温度45℃、浸提时间140 min,该条件下藻渣蛋白提取率为40.13%. 所制藻渣蛋白氨基酸种类齐全,比例均衡,可作为理想的人蛋白来源. 必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的44.3%. 蛋白质的必需氨基酸指数、氨基酸评分、化学评分、生物价、营养指数和氨基酸比值系数评分分别为82.24, 63.32, 46.66, 77.94, 35.84和74.21.     

酶法提取小檗碱工艺研究

用正交实验法研究了酶法提取小檗碱的最佳工艺条件。以小檗碱提取率为指标,分别考察了温度、时间、酶解pH值、加酶量对酶解反应的影响。确定了酶解黄连的最佳工艺条件:温度40℃、时间90 m in、pH 4.0、酶用量30 mg/g。在此条件下,对酶法提取小檗碱与传统乙醇浸提法进行比较,结果表明,酶法提取工艺比传统乙醇浸提法小檗碱产量提高了49%。     

陕北南瓜多糖的提取工艺研究

对陕北南瓜多糖热水提取和碱水提取的工艺参数进行了研究,考察了料液比、浸提时间、温度、pH值对南瓜多糖提取率的影响。结果表明,陕北南瓜多糖的最佳热水提取工艺为:提取温度65℃,料液比1∶40,提取时间2 h,提取率为43.21 mg/g;最优的碱水提取工艺为:提取温度60℃,料液比1∶50,提取时间2 h,pH值为13,提取率为57.72 mg/g。两种工艺路线成本低廉,工艺简单,能保证食品的安全性和提取物的天然活性。     

超声场辅助生物酶法提取苦楝素的研究

采用超声场辅助生物酶法提取苦楝素,研究了生物酶浓度、超声场频率、酶解时间、超声场功率、酶解液pH值、提取温度、液固比对苦楝素提取率的影响。获得的优化条件为:生物酶浓度0.1 mg/mL,酶解时间2 h,超声场频率40 kHz,功率120 W,酶解液pH值5.0,提取温度40℃,液固比25 mL/g。优化条件下,苦楝素的提取率达3.363%。     

油茶蒲总多酚回流提取工艺的研究

乙醇回流提取油茶蒲中的总多酚,考察了提取温度、提取时间、乙醇浓度和液料比对油茶蒲总多酚的提取效果的影响。结果表明,各因素对油茶蒲总多酚的提取效果的影响大小依次为:提取温度液料比乙醇浓度提取时间;油茶蒲总多酚的适宜提取工艺条件为:以50%的乙醇溶液为提取溶剂,液料比为20 mL/g,在70℃温度下回流提取3次,每次80 min。在此工艺条件下,总多酚提取量为71.13 mg/g。     

Optimization of Phenolic Antioxidant Extraction from Wuweizi (Schisandra chinensis) Pulp Using Random-Centroid Optimazation Methodology

The extraction optimization and composition analysis of polyphenols in the fresh pulp of Wuweizi (Schisandra chinensis) have been investigated in this study. The extraction process of polyphenols from Wuweizi pulp was optimized using Random-Centroid Optimization (RCO) methodology. Six factors including liquid and solid ratio, ethanol concentration, pH, temperature, heating time and extraction times, and three extraction targets of polyphenol content, antioxidant activity and extract yield were considered in the RCO program. Three sets of optimum proposed factor values were obtained corresponding to three extraction targets respectively. The set of optimum proposed factor values for polyphenol extraction given was chosen in further experiments as following: liquid and solid ratio (v/w) 8, ethanol 67.3% (v/v), initial pH 1.75, temperature 55 °C for 4 h and extraction repeated for 4 times. The Wuweizi polyphenol extract (WPE) was obtained with a yield of 16.37 mg/g and composition of polyphenols 1.847 mg/g, anthocyanins 0.179 mg/g, sugar 9.573 mg/g and protein 0.327 mg/g. The WPE demonstrated high scavenging activities against DPPH radicals.     

Ethanol-Assisted Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Peony Seed Oil

An ethanol-assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction was performed for peony seed oil (content of 30%). This method included cooking pretreatment, pectinase hydrolysis, and aqueous ethanol extraction, and the corresponding variables in each step were investigated. The changes in viscosity and dextrose equivalent values of the reaction medium as a function of changing enzymatic hydrolysis time were compared to the oil yield. The microstructures of peony seeds were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy to understand the process of oil release as a result of cooking and grinding. The highest oil yield of 92.06% was obtained when peony seeds were cooked in deionized water with a solid–liquid ratio of 1:5 (w/v) at 110°C for 1 hour, ground to 31.29 μm particle size, treated with 0.15% (w/w) pectinase (temperature 50°C, pH 4.5, time 1 hour), and then extracted with 30% (v/v) aqueous ethanol (temperature 60°C, pH 9.0, time 1 hour). After processing with pectinase followed by ethanol extraction, the residual oil content in water and sediment phase decreased to 5% and 3%, respectively. The quality of the oil obtained by ethanol-assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction was good, complying with the Chinese standard.     

五味子中总木脂素的提取工艺优化研究

用乙醇提取五味子中总木脂素,考察了乙醇浓度、料液比、超声时间和提取温度对总木脂素提取率的影响。结果表明,五味子中总木脂素最佳提取工艺条件为:采用70%的乙醇作为提取溶剂,以1∶14(g/mL)的料液比冷浸12 h后,超声提取30 min,提取温度为50℃。五味子中总木脂素提取工艺简便、合理,为总木脂素的分离纯化、含量测定及生理活性的开发研究奠定了基础。     

The combined application of extrusion and enzymatic technology for extraction of soybean oil

This paper describes a new technological process for soybean oil extraction. The process deals with the combined effect of thermoplastic extrusion of beans and the subsequent action of hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes in aqueous medium to recover the oil, thus, avoiding solvent application. The thermoplastic extrusion is fundamental for the process, because it facilitates the action of enzymes in oil containing cells, reduces the non-hydratable phosphatides and promotes protein denaturation by reducing the emulsion stability and thus enhancing the oil extraction. The main parameters affecting the oil yield are: the temperature and diameter of the die in the extrusion process, the dilution, the concentration of enzymes and the incubation time of the enzymatic treatment. The highest yield was obtained under the following conditions: extrusion of beans at 90°C and exit die of 6 mm, enzymatic incubation time of 6 h, extruded soy/water dilution ratio 1:10 and concentration of enzyme 6%. With these conditions 88% of the oil were obtained after centrifugation. Moreover, the aqueous enzymatic extraction is easier than solvent extraction, and leads to high value products: a solvent-free meal more suitable for human consumption, a protein hydrolysate that can be used as ingredient for liquid foods and an oil of better quality. The non-hydrolyzed meal contains ca 25% of original soybean protein and the residual oil. The protein hydrolysate in the liquid phase contains ca 75% of the total protein in the original grain with a molecular weight below 20 kDa.     

枇杷叶黄酮类物质的提取工艺及其在卷烟中的应用

研究了热回流提取枇杷叶中黄酮类物质时乙醇浓度、提取温度、料液比、提取时间对提取率的影响。正交试验结果表明,影响提取率的因素顺序是A（乙醇浓度）〉B（提取温度）〉D（提取时间）〉C（料液比）,经综合考虑确定最佳提取工艺为以80%乙醇为提取剂,温度80℃,料液比1∶30,提取时间3h。经HPD100大孔树脂纯化后,其清除DPPH自由基的效果明显,在卷烟应用中能够提升烟香,降低刺激性,掩盖杂气,并且提高香韵的层次感。     

纤维素酶法提取豆腐柴叶果胶的初探

为了更好地利用豆腐柴资源,深入研究豆腐柴叶果胶的提取技术。本文研究了温度、pH、加酶量、料液比及提取时间对提取率的影响。结果表明,其最佳提取条件为：温度为50℃、pH=5.5的柠檬酸钠—柠檬酸缓冲液、加酶量0.25 g、提取时间60 min、料液比1∶20,其提取率达到了18.51%。为用纤维素酶法提取豆腐柴果胶工艺进一步研究奠定了基础。