利用旋转磁场去除铝熔体中的夹杂物颗粒

研究了旋转磁场去除液态铝合金熔体中夹杂物颗粒的效果.将铝硅过共晶合金凝固过程中析出的初生硅颗粒视为夹杂物颗粒.采用旋转磁场,研究了密度比周围铝熔体密度大的初生硅夹杂物颗粒在旋转磁场下的分布规律.利用光学显微镜和数码相机对凝固试样的宏观及微观组织进行观察.实验结果表明:旋转磁场可以有效去除液态铝合金熔体中的夹杂物颗粒,并且旋转磁场的除杂效果随着磁场频率的增大而显著增加.因此旋转磁场提供了一种高效的金属熔体净化的方法.     

熔体温度处理及变质对Al-20%Si合金凝固组织的影响

采用熔体温度处理(包括熔体混合及过热处理)工艺研究Al-20%Si(质量分数)合金凝固组织,并结合化学变质法进一步细化初生硅相。结果表明,当熔体经混合后过热至900℃时,初生硅的尺寸约为34μm;添加变质剂后再进行熔体混合可以使Al-20%Si中的初生硅相进一步细化,特别是在Al-10%Si和Al-30%Si中分别添加0.2%Al-5Ti-C-3Ce和0.4%Cu-10%P后,再进行熔体过热处理,合金中的初生硅呈小块状弥散分布,且尺寸在10μm以下,材料基体呈现出典型的复合材料特征。熔体温度处理与添加化学变质剂方法对初生硅相有显著的多重变质细化作用;在熔体混合时α(Al)的重新熔化和熔体化学键的重组,增大了合金液在凝固时的过冷度,使初生硅相得到细化;对混合熔体再进行过热处理时,混合熔体中的Si相发生熔断、增殖,从而使合金中初生硅相得到进一步细化。添加细化剂或变质剂会明显增强熔体温度处理对Al-Si合金中初生硅的细化效果。     

CDS及导流器对Al-20%Si合金初生硅相的影响

采用受控扩散凝固(CDS)技术和冷却导流器(CC)制备Al-20%Si(质量分数)合金,研究导流器角度及浇注温度对CDS制备Al-20%Si合金初生硅相的影响。结果表明:CDS和导流器均能细化初生硅相,且与常规的CDS过程相比,引入导流器可以更好地细化初生硅相,且随着导流器角度的减小,细化效果变好。采用820℃的Al-30%Si与660℃的纯铝混合,导流器角度为30°,浇注温度为630℃时,可以得到平均尺寸仅为18.8μm的初生硅相,且其分布均匀。分析认为:CDS可以减小初生硅相生长前沿的成分过冷,而导流器可以进一步促进液体的强迫对流,使熔体中温度场和浓度场更均匀,从而改善初生硅的尺寸、形貌及其分布。     

CDS制备过共晶Al-Si合金工艺参数的研究

采用液-液混合受控扩散凝固技术(CDS)制备过共晶Al-20％Si(质量分数)合金,研究了混合后熔体保温处理、冷却速度对合金组织的影响.研究表明,熔体混合后未进行保温处理时,初生硅尺寸在60～100 μm,且多为五瓣星状和不规则多边形;而进行保温之后,随着保温时间的延长,初生硅的尺寸逐渐减小;保温45 min后,初生硅尺寸在30～50μm,形貌比较圆整;而随着冷却速度的增加,目标合金组织中初生硅尺寸减小,由94.6μm减小到69.65 μm,长宽比由1.78增加到4.33.     

软接触电磁连铸铝硅共晶合金凝固组织研究

采用软接触电磁连续铸造的方法制备铝硅共晶合金空心管坯,研究了电磁场对合金凝固组织的影响.结果表明,与传统连续铸造的铝硅共晶合金微观组织相比,施加电磁场后凝固组织中α-Al相得到细化,出现了颗粒状初生硅相;随着磁场强度的增加,初生硅的含量减少、平均尺寸减小,形状有球化趋势.     

Cu-P合金变质过共晶铝硅合金时熔体搅拌工艺对变质效果的影响

针对过共晶铝硅合金经过P变质后初生硅仍然粗人大的问题,采用Cu-9%P合金变质处理Al-15%Si、Al-18%Si、Al-20%Si合金,变质处理后对熔体进行搅拌,研究了搅拌工艺对变质处理效果的影响,分析了熔体搅拌提高变质效果机理。结果表明,Cu-P合金变质过共晶铝硅合金时,对熔体进行搅拌可显著提高变质效果,初生硅最高可细化85%;在最佳搅拌时间内,搅拌强度越大、硅含量越高,变质效果越好;搅拌熔体迫使富P区域内AIP停止生长,熔体流动速度越快,对富PP区域内AlP的冲刷越强烈,越容易得到细小的AlP;搅拌熔体能够增加组织中初生α相的数量,搅拌工艺合适时,典型的共晶组织基本消失,可获得连续的α基体上均匀分布细小初生硅的凝固组织。     

电磁搅拌对半固态Al-24%Si合金凝固过程及组织的影响

研究了Al-24%Si过共晶合金在未搅拌和电磁搅拌下凝固时,熔体沿径向的温度变化,以及凝固后组织变化,并用电子探针对基体的硅含量进行了定量测量.结果表明,施加搅拌时,合金温度沿半径方向仍然是从型壁到中心依次升高,但合金的径向温度梯度与未施加搅拌时相比大幅度减小;凝固后合金的共晶基体上产生了近球形或条状α相,且共晶基体的硅含量明显增大;降温速率低于10℃/min时,初生硅成簇状分散在合金的基体上,当降温速率增加到60℃/min时,初生硅成点状均匀分布在合金的基体上.     

高温纯铝低温高硅铝合金容体混合对组织的影响

通过过热纯铝液与半固态过共晶铝硅合金熔体混合,研究了凝固组织的变化,并对比了750℃熔炼浇注与常规熔体混合两种方法对组织的影响.结果表明,前者所得的合金凝固组织兼具亚共晶和过共晶铝硅合金组织特征,并且能很好地细化初生Si相.后两种方法所得合金只具有一般过共晶铝硅合金组织特征,且对初生Si相的细化效果不显著.     

转棒诱导形核对Al-25%Si合金凝固组织的影响

采用转棒诱导形核对过共晶Al-25%Si合金熔体进行处理获得半固态坯料,研究转棒转速对坯料组织的影响,并结合熔体在转棒表面的运动状态,分析转棒诱导形核细化凝固组织的机理。结果表明,转棒转速为500~600 r/min条件下,熔体能够最大程度地铺展于棒的表面,在棒表面很快获得铺展面积最大、厚度最小的熔体薄膜。在棒的激冷作用下,整体薄膜迅速获得过冷并促使其内部初生硅同时快速并大量形核,单位面积初生硅颗粒个数较铸态和其它转速条件下显著增加,初生硅平均尺寸从常规铸态的250~300μm细化至27μm左右。初生硅大量形核后,剩余液相后续凝固过程发生离异共晶反应形成针片状硅,没有出现典型的片层状共晶组织,同时片状硅得到一定程度细化。转棒诱导形核能够获得细小初生硅和针片状硅均匀弥散分布于α-Al基体的半固态组织。     

初生硅在熔体中的溶解动力学

研究了初生硅在熔体中的溶解特性，并以原子扩散为模型，考虑界面反应等因素的影响，建立了初生硅在过热熔体中的溶解动力学模型。同时以Al-17%Si合金为研究对象，采用等温液淬技术，对所建立的模型进行了实验验证。结果表明，初生硅在熔体中的溶解机制不是单纯受扩散控制的，而是由扩散、界面反应共同作用的结果，文中所建立的初生硅溶解模型可以较好地描述初生硅在不同温度过热熔体中的溶解特性。     

Modification mechanism of cerium on the Al-18Si alloy

The effect of the rare earth cerium （Ce） on the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy under different casting states have been studied by optical microscope and quantitative image analysis. It is found that the size and the quantity of primary silicon in castings decrease with the increase of added Ce in the melt. Meanwhile primary silicon changes from branched shape to fine facetted shape. Although the modification on eutectic silicon in castings also improves with the increase of added Ce in the melt, the effect of modification on eutectic silicon away from primary silicon is more obvious than that on eutectic silicon close to primary silicon. The modification mechanism was analyzed in detail by means of scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive analysis of X-ray and thermodynamics analysis, which included the analysis on the change in standard Gibbs energy of reaction and reaction equilibrium.     

Low-Convection-Cooling Slope Cast AlSi7Mg Alloy: A Rheological Perspective

In this paper we made an attempt to assess the solidification and flow behavior of the AlSi7Mg alloy melt flowing down the cooling slope, by calculating the Reynolds number of the flowing melt. It has been found that the length of the laminar regime within the flowing melt (low-convection flow) depends on the angle of slope. The microstructure of as-cast AlSi7Mg alloy processed by low-convection-casting using cooling slope method has been studied. The microstructure reveals dendritic primary α-Al phase with fine fibrous eutectic silicon in the interdendritic regions. The modification of eutectic silicon occurs predominately by the shearing of the solute-rich liquid between the primary α-Al dendrites prior to eutectic solidification as it flows down the cooling slope. Nucleation and growth of the primary silicon dendrites was also observed, which confirms earlier reports on three-layer theory. The mechanism responsible for the refinement of eutectic phase is the enhanced heterogeneous nucleation in the last liquid to solidify.     

电磁搅拌Al—24%Si合金的显微组织

在常规凝固条件下,Al-24%Si过共晶合金中的初生Si为粗大的板片状,经过激烈的电磁搅拌,初生Si得到明显细化,分布均匀,绝大部分初生Si呈球团状或块状;搅拌功率越大,初生Si越细小和圆整,P变质可以强化电磁搅拌效果,在电磁搅拌条件下,Al-24%Si过共晶合金中的初生Si得以细化和球团化的主要原因是：电磁搅拌引起合金熔体对初生Si的机械破碎,摩擦作用,抑制初生Si择优生长作用,促进初生Si熟化和变质细化作用。     

Effects of melt viscosity on enrichment and separation of primary silicon from Al–Si melt

The effects of melt viscosity on the enrichment and separation of Si crystals from Al–Si melt during an electromagnetic solidification process were investigated. Both the enrichment efficiency and the separation were found to be strongly dependent on the melt viscosity. A high melt viscosity was beneficial to the enrichment of primary silicon, whereas a low melt viscosity facilitated the separation process. A new enrichment mechanism was proposed in order to clarify the influence of melt viscosity, and an improved process for achieving high-efficiency enrichment of Si crystals via control of the melt viscosity was also proposed. Additionally, the morphology of Si crystals was found to change from spheroidal to plate-like in shape owing to the difference in viscosities in different regions.     

Modification mechanism of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy with P-Na addition

1　INTRODUCTIONAsastructuralmaterialhavingmanymeritssuchashighfrictionresistance ,highheatresistanceandlowexpansioncoefficient[13] ,hypereutecticAl Sial loyhasbeenattractingattentionofmanyresearchers .However ,forthehypereutecticAl Sialloysproducedwithtraditionalcasting process ,thereareusuallymanycoarseSiparticlesinthematrix ,whichleadtolowtensilestrength ,poorturning propertiesandroughsurfaceaftermechanicalworking[4 ] .Thepre viousresearches[5,6 ] indicatedthat ,forparticulatere inforc…     

Effects of individual and combined additions of phosphorus, boron and cerium on primary and eutectic silicon in an Al-30Si alloy

The modification of silicon in an Al-30Si alloy was studied using optical microscopy, electron probe micro-analysis, transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It is found that phosphorus master alloys combined with boron master alloys have good modification effect on primary silicon but no evident modification effect on eutectic silicon, while boron combined with cerium has good modification effect on eutectic silicon. The results of differential scanning calorimetry show that phosphorus, boron or cerium addition and their combined addition have different undercooling effects on eutectic silicon. Many scholars thought that AlP particles were the nuclei of eutectic silicon when phosphorus was enough in the alloy. Our results show that β-(Al,Si,Fe) can still be the nucleus of plate-like eutectic silicon while AlP is the nucleus of primary silicon when there is enough phosphorus in the melt. In addition, the mechanism about the modification was also discussed.     

Centrifugal casting processes of manufacturing in situ functionally gradient composite materials of Al-19Si-5Mg alloy

Cylindrical components of in situ functionally gradient composite materials of Al-19Si-5Mg alloy were manufactured by centrifugal casting. Microstructure characteristics of the manufactured components were observed and the effects of the used process factors on these character-istics were analyzed. The results of observations shows that, in thickness, the components possess microstructures accumulating lots of Mg2Si particles and a portion of primary silicon particles in the inner layer, a little Mg2Si and primary silicon particles in the outer layer, and without any Mg2Si and primary silicon particle in the middle layer. The results of the analysis indicate that the rotation rate of centrifugal casting, mould temperature, and melt pouring temperature have evidently affected the accumulation of the second phase particles. Also, the higher the centrifugal rotation rate, mould temperature, and melt pouring temperature are, the more evident in the inner layer the degree of accumulation of Mg2Si and primary silicon particles is.     

Centrifugal casting processes of manufacturing <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> functionally gradient composite materials of Al-19Si-5Mg alloy

Cylindrical components of in situ functionally gradient composite materials of Al-19Si-5Mg alloy were manufactured by centrifugal casting. Microstructure characteristics of the manufactured components were observed and the effects of the used process factors on these characteristics were analyzed. The results of observations shows that, in thickness, the components possess microstructures accumulating lots of Mg₂Si particles and a portion of primary silicon particles in the inner layer, a little Mg₂Si and primary silicon particles in the outer layer, and without any Mg₂Si and primary silicon particle in the middle layer. The results of the analysis indicate that the rotation rate of centrifugal casting, mould temperature, and melt pouring temperature have evidently affected the accumulation of the second phase particles. Also, the higher the centrifugal rotation rate, mould temperature, and melt pouring temperature are, the more evident in the inner layer the degree of accumulation of Mg₂Si and primary silicon particles is.     

Effects of squeeze casting parameters on the microstructure of LM13 alloy

Effects of applied pressure and melt and die temperatures on the microstructure of squeeze cast LM13 alloy were examined. The results showed that application of pressure during solidification decreased the grain size and SDAS of the primary α phase and modified the eutectic silicon particles. With application of an external pressure of about 100 MPa, the average SDAS and the average aspect ratio of eutectic silicon particles were reduced from 47 μm and 5 to about 34 μm and 1.5, respectively. SDAS of the primary α phase and the average aspect ratio of eutectic silicon particles decreased slightly with a drop in the melt or die temperatures, reaching to 32 μm and 1.25, respectively, for the best conditions.