在回旋加速器上用α束进行在束测量时的γ本底研究

随着加速器技术的发展以及高分辨、高效率半导体探测器的不断提高,在束γ谱学越来越受到人们的重视,因为它是研究原子核高自旋态的有力工具,可以为研究核结构提供更丰富的信息。在一定人射能量的核反应过程中,往往可以同时打开几个反应道,用Ge(Li)探测器进行在束测量时,就会记录到许多γ射线,使在束γ谱变得相当复杂,在这样测得的γ谱中,还附加了许多本底γ峰,它们主要来自Ge(Li)探测器中的非弹性中子散射和中子核反应所产     

~(67)Ga衰变的某些K壳内转换系数的测定

使用Si(Li)电子谱仪和Ge(Li)γ谱仪测定了~(67)Zn的5个跃迁的K内转换系数α_K。测量中使用归一化γ峰比电子峰的方法(NPG)。对以上二种探测器进行效率刻度,用BASIC语言编制γ谱和e谱的寻峰、求面积程序,在DIDAC-MULTI(8)系统上运算。     

γ能谱分析中本底扣除算法特性比较

为更加有效地扣除~(60)Co能谱本底影响,利用环境中的γ本底其频率低的特点,通过Matlab对几种本地扣除算法在~(60)Co能谱的康普顿平台和全能峰区域进行本地扣除中的特性比较,发现SNIP-傅里叶处理后的峰本比和峰康比明显高于其他算法,有利于提高对能谱数据处理的精确度。     

基于傅里叶变换的逐段本底扣除法

基于傅里叶变换的本底扣除法能够从细节上描述γ能谱本底,但对低能段的描述很不充分。本工作在该方法的基础上,提出了一种逐段扣除本底的方法。对构建的以实测环境γ能谱为基底、包含200 keV、500 keV和2000 keV能峰的γ能谱进行本底扣除,结果显示,所提出的方法对γ能谱低能段本底的描述明显优于传统基于傅里叶变换的本底扣除法:对200 keV的能峰,用逐段法扣除本底后,能峰净计数相对参考净计数的偏差约为传统方法的1/3。并且发现,使用逐段法扣除本底后再使用传统基于傅里叶变换的本底扣除法,本底扣除效果进一步改善。     

高能量γ射线源

文章介绍了用Am-Be中子源得到5-10MeV能区单能γ射线,以及在反应堆上得到高能单色低本底γ射线的方法。它们可以用来刻度γ探测器如Ge(Li),HPGe,NaI(Tl)和BGO等的能量线性,能量分辨和相对效率。     

反符合屏蔽低本底Ge(Li)γ谱仪

本文报道了一台由Ge(Li)主探测器和环形NaI(Tl)反符合探测器组成的高灵敏度γ谱仪的结构、性能和应用。谱仪用交替的物质屏蔽和井形NaI(Tl)反符合屏蔽降低本底。Ge(Li)探测器的体积为78cm~3,对~(60)Co 的1332keVγ射线的分辨率为2.42keV,不加任何屏蔽时峰康比为36.4,相对效率为16%,对~(187)Cs 点源γ射线全能峰的探测效率为1.6%。本谱仪在不加和加反符合屏蔽时,对~(137)Cs 点源的峰康比分别为79和333;康普顿区积分抑制因子为3.67,康普顿端抑制因子为5.2;在50—2700keV 能量范围内,本底抑制因子为3.2。在物质屏蔽和反符合屏蔽条件下,在上面的能量范围内,谱仪本底为24cpm。对~(137)Cs 点源,当测量时间为1000min、置信水平为95%时,谱仪的最小探测限(判断限)为2.2×10~(-2)Bq(0.59pCi)。本谱仪主要用于分析测量环境样品和其他低水平放射性样品中发射γ射线的核素的含量。     

用实验峰形函数拟合Ge(Li)γ谱

在SPAN Ge(Li)γ谱分析程序中,使用了一种行之有效的峰拟合技术。这个技术不用任何的理论峰形,而是采用一系列实验测出的单峰峰形。实践证明此算法比一般高斯函数拟合法具有较好的拟合优度,而且也比较节省时间。     

改进辛普森-SNIP算法在航空γ仪器谱本底扣除中的应用

航空γ能谱测量中的本底计数主要是由于康普顿散射效应、γ射线在探测器灵敏体积内产生的小角度散射、电子噪声等干扰因素使能谱的能量区间的计数出现偏差。本底扣除是航空γ测量和解谱工作的重要任务之一。统计敏感的非线性迭代剥峰(Statistics-sensitive Nonlinear Iterative Peak-clipping,SNIP)算法具有简单而稳定的数学结构,自20世纪80年代起便被应用在γ仪器谱本底扣除中。但原始SNIP扣本底算法易受到峰宽参数的影响,且迭代过程中的收敛速度缓慢,导致运行时间延长。因此本文基于具有较高代数精度的辛普森公式的思想,对原始算法中的第二步SNIP迭代过程进行改进。结果表明:改进后的SNIP算法完整保存了原始算法简洁、高效的优点,同时选择了合适的变换宽度,准确度可提高41.8%,算法整体运行效率可提高2.53%,具有更优秀的本底扣除效果。     

便携式LaBr3(Ce)γ谱仪稳谱技术研究

稳谱作为γ能谱分析领域的重要任务之一,其主要作用是抑制探测器因环境变化而形成的"谱线漂移".实验探讨了一种基于LaBr3(Ce)探测器的便携式γ谱仪稳谱技术.该技术利用LaBr3(Ce)探测器自身本底谱中的36 keV与天然本底谱中40K的1460 keV特征峰作为稳谱使用的参考峰,采用自定义的能谱关联度公式对实测能谱...     

^147Pm低激发能级研究

用高分辨率、高探测效率的Ge(Li)、HPGe及高探测效率的柱状、环状NaI(Tl)探测器测量了~(147)Nd衰变的γ单谱及符合谱。为了避开本底干扰,对γ射线逐条进行了半衰期跟踪测量,结果给出了两条新能级和三条新γ射线,这是~(147)Nd迄今为止最新的一组数据。依据最新的实验结果,对各能级的J~x值及β~-衰变分支比做了系统评价。     

重核离子束成分的加速器质谱分析

为拓展加速器质量技术测量范围及测量放射性核束成分,建立了利用入射离子发射特征Ｘ射线鉴别同量异位素的方法,开展了利用ＡＭＳ测量重核离子束成分的工作。     

Bayesian PIXE background subtraction

The subtraction of the X-ray background in a PIXE spectrum has been the subject of many investigations and different techniques have been developed. These techniques vary from filtering to fitting polynomial functions. The promising Bayesian Statistics technique has been used in this study to eliminate the background from the spectrum in a rigorous and self-consistent manner. We compare the results of the Bayesian background subtraction method to that obtained by stripping and the “rolling ball”; method.     

A NEW EXX SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS

IXX (or PIXE-induced XRF) technique gains two main advantages over conventional PIXE method. First, it can be used to avoid or significantly reduce background and spectral interferences from major elements in the sample by proper selecting the primary target. Second, target damage is greatly reduced, so that it is more suitable for the analysis of heatsensitive and delicate specimens. A new IXX system with a very tight geometry is described. Some of its performances and preliminary applications are presented.     

A new three-dimensional method of characteristics for the neutron transport calculation

The method of characteristics (MOC) is a very flexible and effective method for the neutron transport calculation in a complex geometry. It has been well developed in two-dimensional geometries but meets serious difficulty in three-dimensional geometries because of the requirements of large computer memory and long computational time. Due to the demand related to the advanced reactor design for complex geometries, an efficient and flexible three-dimensional MOC is needed. This paper presents a modular ray tracing technique to reduce the amount of the ray tracing data and consequently reduce the memory. In this method, the object geometry is dissected into many cuboid cells by a background mesh. Typical geometric cells are picked out and ray traced, and only the ray tracing data in these typical cells is stored. Furthermore, the Coarse Mesh Finite Difference (CMFD) acceleration method is employed to save computing time. Numerical results demonstrate that the modular ray tracing technique can significantly reduce the amount of ray tracing data, and the CMFD acceleration is effective in shorting the computing time.     

Target preparation for milligram sized 14C samples and data evaluation for AMS measurements

Our preparation technique produces in a glow-discharge an amorphous carbon deposit on a copper substrate. The process starts with 1.6 cm³ CO₂ STP (900 μg carbon) which is reduced over hot zinc to CO and subsequently cracked in the discharge. The yield of the process is typically 80%. With these targets in the Zürich ion source ion currents up to 20 μA are obtained. The background of samples prepared with this technique is presently around 30 ka (2.5% MODERN). The precision after half an hour measuring time for a modern sample is 0.7% and 2.7% for a three half-lives old sample, including the errors of the background and the NBS oxalic acid measurement. The method we use to correct for the background of the preparation and the accelerator as well as for the fractionation in the accelerator is presented.     

检定四道谱仪中本底的讨论

对比了在检定四道谱仪中确定本底三种方法的优缺点，计算了水面和本底两种方法的不确定度，提出了使用本底模型法确定本底的可靠性。并简述了检定中提供的本底不适用于在野外勘查中使用而建议在野外条件下确定本底的方案。     

基于傅里叶变换的NaI(Tl)仪器谱散射本底估计方法

有效地估计NaI(Tl)仪器谱的散射本底可提高仪器的分析精度。本文提出了一种基于傅里叶变换的散射本底估计方法。通过在模拟谱线和实测NaI(Tl)仪器谱上的应用，表明该方法适用于NaI(Tl)仪器谱数据处理，能自主、有效估计散射本底。     

锦屏深地核天体物理实验室屏蔽计算

锦屏深地核天体物理实验室（JUNA）为核天体物理关键反应的研究提供了极低本底环境,加之400 kV强流高稳定加速器的使用,使核天体物理感兴趣能区（伽莫夫窗口）的直接测量成为可能。而同时为避免加速器产生本底破坏锦屏深地实验室的超低本底环境,需估算加速器运行本底,进而对核天体物理实验室进行整体屏蔽。以屏蔽系统的初步设计方案为基础,基于中国核数据中心推荐的综合评价核数据库CENDL-NP,采用MCNP方法对其进行了模拟计算。计算过程采取了权重窗技巧与改变几何条件相结合等方法来减小方差,以提高MCNP方法在计算深穿透问题时的准确性。计算结果表明,该实验室的屏蔽系统对加速器引起的本底进行了有效的屏蔽。     

Iterative and accurate determination of small angle X-ray scattering background

X-ray scattering is widely used in material structural characterizations.The weak scattering nature,however,makes it susceptible to background noise and can consequently render the final results unreliable.In this paper,we report an iterative method to determine X-ray scattering background and demonstrate its feasibility by small angle X-ray scattering on gold nanoparticles.This method solely relies on the correct structural modeling of the sample to separate scattering signal from background in data fitting processes,which allows them to be immune from experimental uncertainties.The importance of accurate determination of the scaling factor for background subtraction is also illustrated.     

Observation of Edge Plasma Fluctuations with a Fast Camera in Heliotron J

fast video camera is verifi to be a powerful tool for observation of fiments/blobs near the last closed °ux surface (LCFS). In order to extract the fltuation component from the raw data of the fast camera, a pre-processing technique, sliding time window averaging subtraction (STWAS) has been developed to remove the background of slowly varying emission from the bulk plasma. By using this pre-processing technique, the fast camera data are analyzed. A method to identify the fiments in the pre-processed image is also discussed.