高分子金属配合物用于合成碳酸二甲酯的催化性能

研究了以二氧化硅负载聚丙烯腈-丙烯酰胺-金属(PAN-AM-M)配合物为催化剂，在环氧氯丙烷存在下，由甲醇和二氧化碳直接合成碳酸二甲酯的反应活性。考察了反应条件的影响。结果表明，PAN-AM-Zn表现出较高活性，合成碳酸二甲酯的最佳反应条件为：甲醇与环氧氯丙烷的原料配比为4：1，反应温度130℃，催化剂用量2％(反应物料质量百分数)。     

二氧化硅负载聚苯乙烯马来酸-锰-联吡啶配合物催化合成碳酸二甲酯的研究

考察了高分子金属配合物催化剂——二氧化硅负载聚苯乙烯马来酸-锰-联吡啶对合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应的催化作用。结果表明，当高分子配体与金属锰质量比为6：1时，该催化剂对DMC具有较高的催化活性，可使DMC产率达到31．7％，重复使用4次仍具有较高的催化活性。适量引入固体碱助剂可以提高DMC的收率。     

反应-萃取技术合成碳酸二甲酯反应研究Ⅰ.萃取剂的筛选

将反应-萃取技术应用于甲醇和碳酸丙烯酯(PC)酯交换合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应过程。对于以KOH为催化剂的均相反应．当以正辛烷为主萃取剂、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)为助萃取剂，萃取相与反应相体积比为2．8：1．正辛烷与DOP体积比为1：1.5．催化剂占体系的重量百分率为3．0％．反应温度为50℃．反应时间为3h时，DMC的分配系数为1.07，DMC与甲醇的分离系数为7．75,DMC的收率为64．8％．选择性为76．0％。与未加萃取剂时相比，DMC收率提高了47．6％，选择性提高了26．7％。     

合成间甲基苯甲醚的新方法

研究了由间甲基苯酚与碳酸二甲酯在催化剂氯化三乙基苄基胺作用下合成间甲基苯甲醚的方法,在间甲基苯酚：碳酸二甲酯：催化剂＝1．0：1．2：0．10,反应温度50－60℃,反应时间3h的最佳条件下,反应产率稳定在88％－90％。     

甲醇直接氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的研究

研究了在不同载体上的钯铜系金属系列催化剂上．甲醇直接氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的催化性能。考察了催化剂组成及反应条件对合成碳酸二甲酯的影响。实验得出,活性碳为最佳载体,催化剂活性组分为双金属Pdcl2-CuCl2,最佳反应温度为130℃,一氧化碳与氧气的物质的量比为1．2。     

填料塔中酯交换合成碳酸二甲酯工艺研究

以甲醇和碳酸丙烯酯为原料,研究了在填料塔中通过酯交换反应合成碳酸二甲酯的工艺,考察了原料配比、催化剂种类和用量、回流比等因素对碳酸二甲酯产率的影响。结果表明,较好的反应条件为甲醇和碳酸丙烯酯摩尔比为5∶1,加入催化剂NaOH的量为原料总质量的2%,在70℃时反应1 h,回流比为5,DMC产率可达43.6%;产物分离阶段,以正己烷为共沸剂,共沸精馏分离了甲醇和碳酸二甲酯共沸物,当正己烷用量为甲醇体积的350%、回流比为5时,DMC分离纯度高达95.78%。     

无溶剂法合成蔗糖硬脂酸酯的工艺研究

以乙醇代替有毒的甲醇与硬脂酸在酸催化下进行反应制出了硬脂酸乙酯。以硬脂酸乙酯与蔗糖为原料在催化剂和乳化剂的作用下，进行酯交换反应合成出蔗糖硬脂酸酯。详细考察了该合成反应过程中乳化剂、催化剂用量，反应温度，原料配比，反应时间等因素对蔗糖硬脂酸酯产率的影响，得出了较佳合成工艺条件，即硬脂酸乙酯：蔗糖摩尔比为2．15：1，乳化剂与蔗糖质量比为0．1：1，催化剂与反应物料质量比为0．14：1，反应温度－120℃，压力－4．35kPa,反应时间－3.5h。以蔗糖计，蔗糖酯产率约75．2％。此外，还把蔗糖硬脂酸酯制成易挥发衍生物，建立了分析其组成的气相色谱方法。     

反应精馏合成碳酸苯甲酯的研究

通过对碳酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应精馏合成碳酸苯甲酯的研究,探索出了最优的工艺条件,为以后碳酸二苯酯的工业化奠定了基础。研究表明：以MoO3为催化剂,在1．25MPa下,反应温度200℃,原料中碳酸二甲酯与苯酚的摩尔配比为4：1,催化剂与原料的质量比为0．0005：1,反应时间7h,苯酚总转化率为4853％,碳酸苯甲酯产率为39．75％,苯甲醚产率为8．78％,碳酸苯甲酯的选择性为81．91％。     

酯交换法合成碳酸二甲酯研究

通过酯交换法，以甲醇和碳酸丙烯酯（ＰＣ）为原料，反应精馏合成碳酸二甲酯，筛选出最佳催化剂，确定了其用量，考察了原料配比等对反应转化率的影响。研究结果表明：催化剂ＣＨＳ－１和ＣＨＳ－２催化效果较好，其较佳用量为０．４％￣０．５％（相对于甲醇的质量），甲醇与ＰＣ的质量比为８￣１０，反应停留时间为４０￣６０ｍｉｎ。本文报道的酯交换工艺具有一定的工业应用价值。     

超声波强化催化合成碳酸二苯酯

在超声辅助条件下,采用自制的CI催化剂,对碳酸二甲醣与苯酚酯交换法反应合成碳酸二苯酯进行研究,寻找最佳的反应条件。实验结果表明反应在超声功率为55％、175℃下,碳酸二甲酯与苯酚的摩尔比为0．85：1,碳酸二甲酯滴加速率为：1．5mL／min,催化剂添加最3％,反应时间为12h,碳酸二苯酯的产率可以达到56．78％．通过红外光谱分析确定了所制备的产物即为碳酸二苯酯,气相色谱分析确定产品的含量为99．53％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。