臭氧─活性炭吸附技术处理含酚废水实验研究

为提高含酚废水的处理技术,改善水生态平衡,分别采用臭氧氧化、活性炭吸附─臭氧氧化和臭氧氧化─活性炭吸附联用等方法处理含酚废水。试验结果表明:臭氧氧化─活性炭吸附联用技术处理含酚废水效果最好;得出的最佳试验条件为:活性炭加入量为30g/L、吸附时间为20min、臭氧流量为8mg/min、反应时间为20min及溶液初始p H值为8.5。在最佳试验条件下,臭氧氧化─活性炭吸附联用工艺对CODCr的去除率为74.60%。     

改性蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧氧化净水效能中试研究

通过中试考察了改性蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧氧化(催化氧化)—活性炭过滤的净水效果,并与臭氧—活性炭工艺进行比较。试验条件下蜂窝陶瓷催化剂在静态和动态条件下均不会促进气体向水中的传质;静态条件下催化氧化对水中有机物的去除效率比臭氧单独氧化高;动态试验中,催化氧化对UV254的去除率高于臭氧氧化,但对TOC的去除没有优势,与臭氧氧化相比催化氧化有利于后续活性炭对有机物的去除。GC/MS测定表明,催化氧化及其后续活性炭出水中半挥发性有机物种类分别比臭氧单独氧化少9%和32%。经Ames试验发现,两种氧化及其后续活性炭处理后水的致突变活性均有微小增加。     

河北应急水源的预臭氧化工艺研究

南水北调的应急工程是从河北四水库调水进京,四水库水源水质与密云水库水质相差较大.为了保证河北水进京后水厂工艺运行的稳定性,根据水厂现行工艺(混凝-沉淀-煤砂过滤-活性炭过滤)增加预臭氧在河北黄壁庄水库进行适应性研究.试验结果表明:在投加臭氧1.5～2.6 mg/L后炭出水基本无味;试验条件为:臭氧浓度0.4 mg/L,接触时间8 min时,预臭氧能够将剑水蚤杀死去除;预臭氧后系统对有机物去除效果较好,且沉后藻类去除率达到80%以上,煤滤池出水藻类低于2万个/L;中试系统煤滤池出水和炭滤池出水溴酸盐浓度均小于5 μg/L,因此臭氧氧化后不存在溴酸盐副产物超标的风险.同时,建议在河北水进京前测定水中MIB浓度,适时调整臭氧投加量,在有必要的情况下考虑增加粉末活性炭预吸附.     

东太湖水源臭氧-活性炭工艺中溴酸盐生成及其影响因素

东太湖水中溴离子含量较高,采用臭氧-活性炭工艺很可能会导致出厂水中溴酸盐超标。研究了以东太湖为水源的吴江第二水厂各处理工艺中溴酸盐的生成情况以及影响因素,结果表明,原水中的溴离子在臭氧氧化过程中主要产物为溴酸盐,分析了影响水厂溴酸盐生成的主要因素为水温、臭氧浓度和有机物含量。利用小试进一步研究了这些因素对臭氧氧化原水过程中溴酸盐生成的影响规律。研究结果表明,随着臭氧浓度的增加,溴酸盐生成量逐渐增多,在臭氧浓度达到2.2mg/L时溴酸盐生成量接近限值10μg/L,在相同的臭氧浓度下,较短的接触时间、高温以及高氨氮会减少溴酸盐的生成。     

臭氧-活性炭工艺去除饮用水中典型内分泌干扰物试验研究

通过对臭氧-活性炭工艺和活性炭吸附等温线的研究,探讨了臭氧-活性炭工艺去除饮用水中微量典型内分泌干扰物的可行性.壬基酚(NP)、辛基酚(OP)和双酚A(BPA)被选作目标物质.研究发现臭氧氧化能去除30%以上的NP、OP和BPA;活性炭对NP、OP和BPA也有良好的去除效果,在空床停留时间4～12 min条件下能完全去除水中未被臭氧氧化的NP、OP和BPA;吸附等温线的数据可以用Freundlich公式拟合,并用来估算活性炭的饱和时间.试验证明臭氧-活性炭工艺是去除饮用水中微量典型内分泌干扰物的有效方法.     

臭氧-活性炭处理污染原水的研究

为净化哈尔滨段的松花江水和该市受污染的地下水,我们采用臭氧-活性炭技术对去除嗅味、色度、浊度、铁、锰、有机物、细菌等进行了试验。研究了合理的臭氧氧化程度,氧化时间及氧化位置;臭氧改善活性炭吸附功能和生物氧化延长活性炭寿命的效果;试验确定臭氧、活性炭组合的工艺步骤和各单元的工艺参数,并对除污染机理进行}了探讨。一、试验方法首先建造了一套净化能力为8吨/日的试     

投加H_2O_2控制溴酸盐技术在水厂深度处理工艺中的应用研究

对郑州某水厂深度处理改造过程中溴酸盐控制技术开展了为期一年的中试研究。结果表明在当地水源水质条件下,臭氧化过程中存在溴酸盐生成超标的风险;投加过氧化氢与臭氧联用,投加摩尔比1.5∶1,可有效控制较高臭氧投加量条件下的溴酸盐生成风险;而工艺中的剩余过氧化氢可通过后续的活性炭工艺完全消除。依据试验结果,在水厂深度处理改造工程设计中增加了相关过氧化氢投加装置及应用参数。     

臭氧——活性炭在净水厂设计中若干问题的探讨

臭氧—活性炭吸附工艺是目前常用的深度处理技术,臭氧预氧化和粉末活性炭投加措施也是应对微污染原水的有效处理措施。臭氧发生器作为深度处理技术的核心设备,如何合理经济选择氧源系统,科学确定臭氧发生器设备台数,明确设备的各种技术参数,使臭氧系统能够灵活适应各种运行工况和环境条件,是招标工作中需要密切关注的问题。臭氧—活性炭系统的防火防爆措施如何满足安全和消防部门的要求、活性炭吸附池池型对反冲洗效果的影响、系统管道及附件和臭氧接触池的防腐措施等关键因素在设计过程中容易被忽视。通过对近年来相关给水深度处理技术文献资料的归纳整理和综合分析,并结合近年来净水厂深度处理工程的设计体会和经验,提出了臭氧—活性炭技术在水厂设计应用中容易忽视的问题,并对适宜的解决方案进行了探讨。     

饮用水处理工艺去除两种典型内分泌干扰物的性能

研究了水中两种典型内分泌干扰物———双酚A(BPA)和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)在饮用水常规处理、臭氧活性炭和微曝气活性炭深度处理中试工艺中的去除性能。研究发现,饮用水常规处理工艺对BPA和DMP的去除效果有限,进水浓度为200~300μg/L条件下经过混凝、沉淀和砂滤后,BPA和DMP的去除率分别仅为25.38%和13.29%。臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺能有效去除BPA和DMP,但二者在该工艺中的去除特性有所不同:水中BPA经过臭氧氧化后几乎被全部去除,后续的生物活性炭处理单元作用较小;但臭氧氧化仅可部分去除DMP,大部分靠后续生物活性炭柱去除。微曝气活性炭深度处理工艺也能有效去除BPA和DMP,对二者的去除主要靠微曝气活性炭柱的作用,其效果略优于臭氧投加量为0条件下的臭氧活性炭柱,这说明微曝气活性炭柱存在较多的特定降解菌。通过静态吸附试验发现,臭氧活性炭柱和微曝气活性炭柱内活性炭对BPA和DMP的最大吸附容量均远小于新炭,同时臭氧活性炭柱内活性炭吸附容量略高于微曝气活性炭柱。     

饮用水深度处理工艺活性炭运行生命周期探讨

通过试验和对生产性活性炭池运行情况的调查分析,对臭氧-活性炭饮用水深度处理工艺中活性炭去除有机物的规律、活性炭使用寿命(生命周期)的影响因素及评判指标进行了探讨,并对机理进行了分析.活性炭吸附期和使用寿命与进水水质、臭氧投加量、炭池滤速及出水要求等因素有关,臭氧氧化主要是通过提高进水可降解有机碳与总有机碳的比值,起到延长生物活性炭运行寿命的作用,活性炭的吸附参数不能作为活性炭生命周期的唯一判定指标,出水水质限值是控制活性炭生命周期时间点的最重要参数.     

臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺除藻效能研究

通过中试除藻试验,研究了臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺的除藻效能。结果表明,经过预臭 氧化和常规工艺处理后,深度处理工艺可再去除67％的含藻量。工艺参数:臭氧投加量2 mg／L,接 触时间15 min,活性炭滤池滤速10 m／h,停留时间12 min。探讨了预臭氧化和深度处理两种组合工 艺的除藻机理和影响因素。     

粒状活性炭在管道分质供水口感改善中的作用研究

口感是评价管道分质供水质量的一项关键指标,它直接影响消费者对管道分质供水的接受程度。研究了影响管道分质供水口感的主要因素及粒状活性炭对口感改善所起的作用。结果表明,净水中余氯浓度、TOC含量及VOCs含量均会对净水口感产生影响;粒状活性炭过滤可有效降低管道分质供水中净水余氯浓度、TOC与VOCS含量,明显改善净水口感,而对其他水质指标无不良影响。结合试验结果与工程实例,提出了应用粒状活性炭改善管道分质供水口感的技术参数,并建议采用粒状活性炭过滤器作为管道分质供水的终端过滤。     

Efficient taste and odour removal by water treatment plants around the Han River water supply system.

Seven major water treatment plants in Seoul Metropolitan Area, which are under Korea Water Resources Corporation (KOWACO)'s management, take water from the Paldang Reservoir in the Han River System for drinking water supply. There are taste and odour (T&O) problems in the finished water because the conventional treatment processes do not efficiently remove the T&O compounds. This study evaluated T&O removal by ozonation, granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment, powder activated carbon (PAC) and an advanced oxidation process in a pilot-scale treatment plant and bench-scale laboratory experiments. During T&O episodes, PAC alone was not adequate, but as a pretreatment together with GAC it could be a useful option. The optimal range of ozone dose was 1 to 2 mg/L at a contact time of 10 min. However, with ozone alone it was difficult to meet the T&O target of 3 TON and 15 ng/L of MIB or geosmin. The GAC adsorption capacity for DOC in the three GAC systems (F/A, GAC and O3 + GAC) at an EBCT of 14 min is mostly exhausted after 9 months. However, substantial TON removal continued for more than 2 years (>90,000 bed volumes). GAC was found to be effective for T&O control and the main removal mechanisms were adsorption capacity and biodegradation.     

Catalyzed ozonation process with GAC and metal doped-GAC for removing organic pollutants.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the catalytic role of granular activated carbon (GAC), and metal (Mn or Fe) doped-GAC, on the transformation of ozone into more reactive secondary radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals (*OH), for the treatment of wastewater. The GAC doped with Mn showed the highest catalytic performance in terms of ozone decomposition into OH radicals. Likewise, activated carbon alone accelerated the ozone decomposition, resulting in the formation of *OH radicals. In the presence of promoters, the ozone depletion rate was enhanced further by the Mn-GAC catalyst system, even under aqueous acidic pH conditions.     

Effect of residual ozone on membrane fouling reduction in ozone resisting microfiltration (MF) membrane system.

The effect of residual ozone on reducing the membrane fouling was investigated using ozone resisting microfiltration membrane. It was found out that the fouling was reduced effectively by maintaining residual ozone in the membrane module. To clarify the reason why the residual ozone reduces the membrane fouling, research was focused on the molecular degradation reaction and particle destabilization reaction induced by residual ozone. The major reason of membrane fouling reduction was attributed to the reduction of reversible resistance induced by the cake layer. The reversible resistance was reduced due to degradation of organic substances in the cake layer. In addition to degradation reaction, the increase of fouling particle size due to residual ozone in the cake layer is another important process for fouling reduction. This effect has been referred to as ozone-induced destabilization reaction. The calcium present in the raw water influenced this reaction. The increase of fouling particles size improves the filterability through the cake layer and backwashing efficiency.     

Evaluating ozone dose for AOC removal in two-step GAC filters

Upgrading an existing post-ozonation plant with two-step granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration for assimilable organic carbon (AOC) removal was studied. The effects of ozone dose on AOC formation and its removal in the subsequent two-step GAC filtration was studied using chemically pretreated 2 to 14° C humic lake water. Two parallel pilot-plant trains with different ozone doses (0 to 1.2 mgO₃/mgTOC) and a shortterm ozonation study were performed. The optimum ozone dose for maximum AOC formation was 0.4–0.5 mgO₃/mgTOC. The AOC-P17 of ozonated water was three-fold higher and AOC-NOX over ten-fold higher than in non-ozonated water, while the following biofiltration (first step) removed 51 % and 72 % of AOC-P17 and AOC-NOX, respectively. The adsorber (second step) contributed to less than 10% of the overall AOC reduction. It appeared that biofiltration is a feasible method in upgrading water treatment plants for AOC removal even when treating cold humic waters, while the subsequent adsorber seems to have less significance for AOC removal.     

饮用水源中藻毒素污染控制研究

藻毒素给传统净水工艺带来了诸多不利影响,增加了水处理难度。通过对国内外饮用水源藻毒素去除技术的分析,揭示了各种技术去除效果、局限性,对藻毒素研究前景进行了展望。提出综合控制办法:水污染综合治理、采用臭氧活性炭工艺和生物调控法相结合。     

臭氧-活性炭-反硝化生物滤池在污水再生回用中的应用

在酒仙桥污水处理厂建立200m3/d的示范工程进行高品质再生水的生产,在二级出水强化脱氮除磷的基础上,采用臭氧(O3)-活性炭(GAC)-反硝化生物滤池(DNBF)工艺进行试验研究。经过13个月的试验证明,该工艺由于O3在脱色除臭基础上,能够强化活性炭滤池的生物多样性及活性,从而使出水CODCr能够长期稳定在30mg/L以下,NH3-N小于1mg/L。在外加碳源CH3COONa条件下,系统经DNBF后出水TN小于2mg/L。同时试验发现,为了实现经济节能及良好的污水再生效果,DNBF和O3单元在流程中的位置设置非常关键,有别于污水二级处理工艺。     

臭氧与活性炭深度处理微污染原水试验研究

采用"预臭氧氧化 常规处理 GAC/O3-BAC深度处理"工艺针对南方某市微污染原水进行中试研究.结果表明:预臭氧能明显提高浊度、有机物和THMFP的去除效果,在此条件下常规出水浊度平均值＜O.1 NTU,与无预处理相比,CODMn去除率提高17.52%,氯消毒后CHCl3浓度降低86.4%;O3-BAC工艺对有机物、CHCl3的去除效果和吸附寿命均优于GAC工艺,但生物膜的脱落会影响浊度的去除效果;随着炭床厚度增加,GAC滤池中,CODMn呈线性降低,而BAC滤池中,上部500～1 000 mm厚度内,CODMn快速降低并稳定在一定的水平上.