知识驱动协同创新的产品开发模型

为提高产品创新能力,提出了知识驱动协同创新的产品创新理念,并构建了具有6层结构的产品创新开发系统模型,包括协同平台、开发过程链、产品创新设计、分析评价、智能再设计和知识资源层等。研究了知识驱动协同创新的创成和吸纳相集成的原理、再设计建议的智能化生成方法及其过程链流程组织策略。产品协同创新的创成和吸纳过程通过集成推理实现;创新的产品方案再设计建议通过分析和仿真方法生成;产品创新开发过程链采用基于知识管理的流程组织方法。应用实例表明,已开发的系统体现了模型的基本功能,具有可操作性和实用价值。     

Clustering with removing outliers - a case of an IC packaging company

Companies that produce semiconductors are exposed to greater challenges because of complex manufacturing systems used and competitive business environments encountered. Improving the machine performance has been and will remain to be a critical role in deciding the success of a company. In this paper, we apply the clustering techniques to partition the wire bond machines in a packaging company into groups so that management levels can improve the productivity based on the clustering results. Moreover, to gain an insight into how outliers affect the clustering results, we remove those outliers based on the visual results of self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm. Comparing this result with the one with outliers, we found that removing outliers leads to better clustering based on the Wilk’s lambda value.     

基于PLC的起动器自动装配机研制

针对工业生产过程中,冰箱起动器生产效率不高的问题,根据自动装配的工作原理,自行研制了基于PLC控制系统的自动装配机。介绍了该装配机的结构方案,对各主要模块进行了说明。针对控制要求,给出了系统的控制方案。分析了硬件的选用,软件的编写。最后通过现场调试和生产运行,证明该机器完全达到了设计要求,并将自动装配的思想推广到其他自动化生产领域。     

A novel approach to prioritize customer requirements in QFD based on customer satisfaction function for customer-oriented product design

In the highly competitive marketplace, customer satisfaction is one of the critical success factors to many leading companies. Quality function deployment (QFD) has been regarded as a powerful customer-oriented design tool for developing new or improved products to achieve higher customer satisfaction by integrating various functions of an organization. In the QFD process, correctly rating the importance of customer requirements (CRs) is a crucial and essential step since it largely affects the target value setting of design requirements (DRs). This paper proposes a novel approach to prioritize CRs from the viewpoint of company’s competitiveness (i.e., competitive priority ratings). The key characteristic of proposed approach is to model the customer’s preference structure as the form of customer satisfaction function by combining the competitive benchmarking analysis with Kano’s analysis. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated with a numerical example of car door design problem.     

关于未来制造业的战略思考

“未来制造业”这个课题始于１９９５年，得到美国国家科学基金资助，其目的是为美国的制造业主提供一个大致的指导的框架，使之在不断发展的全球竞争的商务环境中走向成功。分析了未来制造业在全球市场环境下的特征，指出在新的复杂商业环境中，未来制造企业将会因为具有对顾客与全球市场的反应力等６基物质而获成功，并就制造企业的创新，知识供应链，变革管理诸进行了讨论。     

复杂机械系统方案创新设计阶段符号方案的自动化生成

基于机构组合创新思想进行复杂机械系统方案设计的自动化方法研究。在实践上，开发了机构组合创新应用软件。阐明了采用该软件进行复杂机械系统方案设计的工作流程，给出了应用实例。同时，从系统的角度出发，对概念设计阶段符号方案的自动化生成进行了较为深入的研究。     

从“他组织”走向自组织——关于制造哲理的沉思

剖析传统制造模式的弊端 ,从制造系统与制造过程的复杂性说明制造模式变革的必要性 ;比较了人造系统中传统的“他组织”模式与自然系统的自组织模式的优劣 ,论述了自组织的特点和机制 ;指出从“他组织”走向自组织乃是制造业走出困境的必由之路 ,自组织将是 2 1世纪的制造哲理 ,也是新一代制造系统的重要特征 ;探讨了自组织过程对于环境的影响 ,导出了“熵污染”的概念 ,指出了减轻“熵污染”的途径 ;列出了与自组织制造模式有关的研究课题及待解决的关键问题 ,并提出从有序度和熵的角度来认识、构造和运行制造系统的思路     

The right time and place [strategic positioning and competitive space]

Increasingly in the UK, companies that have traditionally considered themselves as manufacturers are being advised to now see themselves as service providers and to reconsider whether to have any production capability. A key challenge is to translate this strategy into a selection of product and service-centred activities within the company's supply chain networks. Strategic positioning is concerned with the choice of business activities a company carries out itself, compared to those provided by suppliers, partners, distributors and even customers. In practice, strategic positioning is directly impacted by such decisions as outsourcing, off-shoring, partnering, technology innovation, acquisition and exploitation. If companies can better understand their strategic positioning, they can make more informed decisions about the adoption of alternative manufacturing and supply chain activities. Similarly, they are more likely to reject those that, like off-shoring, are currently en vogue but are highly likely to erode competitive edge and business success. Our research has developed a new concept we call 'competitive space' as a means of appreciating the strategic positioning of companies, along with a structured decision process for managing competitive space. Our ideas about competitive space, along with the decision process itself, have been developed and tested on a range of manufacturers. As more and more manufacturers are encouraged to move towards system integration and a serviceable business model, the challenge is to identify the appropriate strategic position for their organisations, or in other words, to identify their optimum competitive space for manufacture.     

Evaluating sustainable advantages in productivity with a systematic procedure

All factories strive to enhance productivity. In addition, in some industries, the competition is becoming fierce. To survive, a firm should have sustainable advantages in productivity. To this end, a systematic procedure is presented in this study to evaluate the competitiveness and sustainable advantages of a factory’s productivity. The proposed methodology considers improvements in productivity as learning processes, which can then be used to estimate future productivity. In this study, uncertainty in productivity is modeled with a fuzzy number. After comparing estimated productivity values in some competitive regions, the midterm competitiveness can be evaluated. Sustainable advantages in productivity can be assessed by observing the trends in the midterm competitiveness. A practical example is presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed methodology.     

基于TRIZ的机械产品突破性创新设想产生过程研究

为解决机械产品突破性创新设想产生的问题,将发明问题解决理论（TRIZ）应用于新产品开发的模糊前端阶段。在建立产品技术系统主功能物质-场模型的基础上,提出了机械产品突破性创新的方法;基于TRIZ全局理想化,对实现产品主功能的技术子系统进行了功能裁剪及可用资源分析,进而利用技术进化理论对实现产品主功能的技术子系统进行了技术预测,并应用计算机辅助创新软件（CAI）工具建立了机械产品突破性创新设想产生过程模型。中药滴丸机创新设想的产生验证了该方法的有效性。     

Intel's flyosaurus [manufacturing innovations]

Product and process technologies are evolving at an ever-faster pace, and today's manufacturers are forced to develop almost continuous streams of innovation. Realizing that it is almost impossible to forecast where the next "big thing" will come from, many manufacturers have turned to their supply base as a source of innovation and new ideas. Intel Corporation believes that the answer to this dilemma is to mix the best attributes of each R&D strategy - that is, to capture the benefits of supplier involvement without tethering your company to them forever. The company also advises other manufacturers to design an organization that navigates through the marketplace with the nimbleness of a fruit fly, but that also lumbers like a Tyrannosaurus Rex from one technology to the next with long-term supplier intact. The result is an entirely new species of supplier relationships in manufacturing innovation, called the flyosaurus.     

基于IE技术和Flexsim的D公司阀体加工流水线优化研究

通过运用IE技术对D公司的阀体加工流水线进行了分析和研究,综合采用“5W1H”和“ECRS四大原则”对该加工流水线工艺流程、设备布局等问题进行了改善。采用物流仿真软件Flexsim模拟真实加工环境,验证了改善的实际效果。所提出的新工艺和布局方案显著提高了加工生产线的生产率和平衡率。     

大规模定制研究综述

大规模定制是21世纪新的生产方式，正在引起理论界和企业界的广泛关注。从理论上，大规模定制的研究涉及许多生产组织理论问题，以及在工程技术方面的设计与制造等关键技术问题；在实践中，大规模定制已经在许多行业取得成功，为企业赢得了竞争优势。本文通过对大规模定制的文献分析，从基本理论、相关问题和产业对策三个方面，对大规模定制研究和应用进行总结，并就进一步研究提出建议。     

An analytic network process-based multicriteria decision making model for a reverse supply chain

Reverse logistics has emerged as an important dimension for organizations to build their strategic advantage. Part of this effort relies on potentially outsourcing these activities. With this competitive issue in mind, this paper presents a multistep process to select a third-party reverse logistic provider (3PRLP). Criteria for evaluation are drawn from the literature and practical input from experts and decision makers within a case company. The process requires that an initial screening of criteria is completed through the analytical hierarchy process. The second stage of the process, 3PRLP selection, is completed using the analytic network process. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the solutions obtained by the proposed process within an automobile case company. A sensitivity analysis is also provided for a robustness check. The results obtained from the proposed model provide some interesting managerial implications to the case company and others wishing to apply the process.     

基于非齐次泊松过程和统计仿真的故障样本模拟生成

由于测试性虚拟试验具有成本低、效率高、风险小、故障注入受限少等优点,故障样本量几乎不受限制,可有效弥补测试性实物试验的不足,但同时也对故障样本生成提出新的要求。为此提出一种适用于测试性虚拟试验的基于非齐次泊松过程和统计仿真的故障样本模拟生成方法。分析指出可修系统的故障发生过程是随机过程,并用非齐次泊松过程及其参数化模型对其进行数学描述。给出故障样本模拟生成流程,建立故障事件发生间隔时间的概率分布函数,通过随机数生成和逆变换法,实现故障样本的模拟生成,仿真获得故障发生次数及其相继发生时间。以某型地平仪为案例进行试验和应用研究。试验结果表明,采用所提方法进行故障样本模拟生成是有效的,能科学指导可修系统测试性虚拟试验中的故障注入。     

Modelling and analysis of FMS productivity variables by ISM,SEM and GTMA approach

Productivity has often been cited as a key factor in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) performance, and actions to increase it are said to improve profitability and the wage earning capacity of employees. Improving productivity is seen as a key issue for survival and success in the long term of a manufacturing system. The purpose of this paper is to make a model and analysis of the productivity variables of FMS. This study was performed by different approaches viz. interpretive structural modelling (ISM), structural equation modelling (SEM), graph theory and matrix approach (GTMA) and a cross-sectional survey within manufacturing firms in India. ISM has been used to develop a model of productivity variables, and then it has been analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) are powerful statistical techniques. CFA is carried by SEM. EFA is applied to extract the factors in FMS by the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 20) software and confirming these factors by CFA through analysis of moment structures (AMOS 20) software. The twenty productivity variables are identified through literature and four factors extracted, which involves the productivity of FMS. The four factors are people, quality, machine and flexibility. SEM using AMOS 20 was used to perform the first order four-factor structures. GTMA is a multiple attribute decision making (MADM) methodology used to find intensity/quantification of productivity variables in an organization. The FMS productivity index has purposed to intensify the factors which affect FMS.     

定量分析模型在维修配件库存控制中的应用

以某工程机械公司的维修配件库存管理为背景，分析了公司的维修配件物流组织结构，建立了二级维修配件物流供应链结构模型。为了对不同的维修配件采取不同的库存控制策略，对它们进行了分类，建立了库存控制的定量分析模型，对它的库存控制策略进行了实证研究，获得了满意的结果。     

Value stream mapping and benefit–cost analysis application for value visibility of a pilot project on RFID investment integrated to a manual production control system—a case study

The importance of responding to customer demand to stay competitive in the global market and to increase market share has been increasing for companies lately. Due to demand fluctuations and difficulties to estimate it, gradually it becomes more difficult to sustain profitability and to fulfill demand. The company’s main problem is how to cut costs while producing small numbers of many types of products. For that reason, cost-conscious companies have focused on monitoring and controlling manufacturing and supplier-related activities by means of manual/electronic control devices in order to enhance the efficiency in the supply chain management and logistics process. This paper presents a case study about deployment of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology-based electronic Kanban system in an automotive industry supplier firm. In this project, by deploying RFID technology in a pilot area within the current manual Kanban system of this company, it has been possible to measure the true value added time in the production process. Value stream mapping is used to exhibit the mandatory requirements of RFID technology deployment in the shop floor. As a part of the study, we generate a current value stream map and a future value stream map, which contain the recommended revisions for the automotive supplier company. To evaluate the return of the investment, performance metrics were established and benefit–cost analysis is made. Obviously, future gains will include better inventory management to reduce the inventory levels within the production system.     

管棚钻机钻杆定位控制系统

通过对KR804型管棚钻机设备的使用,发现借助护拱定位,生产效率低下,提出了增加钻机钻杆定位功能的要求。通过对该钻机作业动作和控制系统的分析,提出了两个改造方案,并对方案进行可行性分析,最终选择其中一个作为改造方案。     

A genetic algorithm for the design of job rotation schedules considering ergonomic and competence criteria

Job rotation is an organizational strategy increasingly used in manufacturing systems as it provides benefits to both workers and management in an organization. Job rotation prevents musculoskeletal disorders, eliminates boredom and increases job satisfaction and morale. As a result, the company gains a skilled and motivated workforce, which leads to increases in productivity, employee loyalty and decreases in employee turnover. A multi-criteria genetic algorithm is employed to generate job rotation schedules, with considering the most adequate employee-job assignments to prevent musculoskeletal disorders caused by accumulation of fatigue. The algorithm provides the best adequacy available between workers and the competences needed for performing the tasks. The design of the rotation schedules is based not only on ergonomic criteria but also on issues related to product quality and employee satisfaction. The model includes the workers’ competences as a measure for the goodness of solutions.