Ni-Al喷涂层中温反应烧结的温度变化模型

基于Ni-Al喷涂层反应烧结的特点,提出了涂层反应放热过程的温度变化模型及计算方法,研究了Ni-Al混合喷涂层(94%Ni+6%Al)在中温保护气氛下反应烧结的界面组织及反应区温度变化过程,计算表明：反应区存在非金属间化合物液相,同时由于Ni-Al在中温条件下发生反应并在局部形成高温,使涂层具有良好的力学性能.     

Ni-Al喷涂层反应烧结的组织演变与结合机制

为了改进热喷涂层组织结构和结合性能，在不引起反应的条件下，将Ni-Al混合粉（93%Ni 7?）喷涂于A3钢基材表面，通过中温反应烧结处理，制备了具有良好结合性能的涂层试样，利用SEM和XRD研究了涂层烧结前后显微组织和相结构的变化。结果表明：反应烧结前后涂层显微组织发生了明显变化，烧结后涂层所固有的层状结构消失；烧结时涂层中Al首先与Ni反应生成Ni2Al3，随处理温度增高而转化为NiAl3，基材界面出现冶金结合，并在界面愈合区间发现了Ni-Fe固溶体。     

Ni-Al喷涂层反应烧结时界面结构的择优演变

将Ni-Al混合粉（93wt%Ni 7wt%Al）。在不引起反应的条件下喷涂于A3钢基材表面,通过中温反应烧结处理,观察涂层烧结前后界面微观组织的变化,结果表明,涂层中反应时首先生成Ni2Al3并转化为NiAl3,基材与涂层出现了冶金结合,界面上首先成成了以铁为基,Ni、Al为溶质的固溶体,界面结构呈现出择优演变的现象。     

热喷涂层的梯度液相烧结

将金属陶瓷粉末与具有不同熔点的自熔合金粉末混合喷涂于金属基材表面,形成低熔点相的固液相变点温度从基材界面向涂层表面逐步升高的梯度涂层,研究了在1000℃烧结后烧结层的显微组织结构和力学性能。结果表明,在烧结时出现液相的区域内喷涂层所固有的层状结构消失,在界面上有大约20μm宽的扩散区并呈冶金结合,在表层存在明显的固－液相分界线,在显微组织中氧化物有球化趋势。梯度液相烧结可使涂层稳定成型所需的最佳控制参数区间变大,涂层的力学性能满足使用要求。     

泥浆喷涂制备阳极支撑YSZ电解质薄膜工艺研究

采用泥浆喷涂工艺制备SOFC用阳极支撑YSZ电解质薄膜,首先采用模压成型工艺制窷iO-YSZ阳北极基底,通过优化泥浆制备工艺条件及喷涂条件,在NiO-YSZ阳极基底上喷涂均匀平整的YSZ电解质涂层,进一步采用共烧结工艺使YSZ电解质层致密.通过在基底中添加碳粉造孔剂,调节阳极基底的烧结收缩率与电解质层烧结收缩率一致,避免电解质涂层的开裂和变形.阳极基底中加入5wt%含量的碳粉,阳极与电解质层烧结收缩率一致.扫描电子显微镜观察电解质涂层表面形貌表明,球磨24h的泥浆喷涂的YSZ涂层较好,阳极基底与电解质膜在1400℃烧结2h,电解质膜层致密,表明通过泥浆喷涂工艺可以制备出致密电解质层.     

Ni-Al包覆增强Fe基非晶涂层的结构与耐磨性

为了降低Fe基非晶涂层的孔隙率,并提高其耐摩擦性能,采用机械球磨法在铁基非晶颗粒表面包覆Ni-Al颗粒,得到具有壳-核结构的涂层复合喷涂粉末,并采用等离子喷涂法将其在45钢表面制备铁基非晶涂层;分析了包覆型复合粉末和Fe基复合涂层的相组成和微观结构,测试了复合涂层的孔隙率、非晶相比例和干摩擦性能,研究了Ni-Al粒子包覆前后涂层的微观结构与摩擦机理变化。结果表明:Ni-Al粒子成功包覆在Fe基非晶表面形成了结构致密的壳-核结构复合粉末,粉末粒径小于50μm,包覆层厚度1～3μm。涂层孔隙率下降5%左右,由于Ni-Al稀释作用,非晶含量由72.5%降低为64.8%,复合涂层的结构显示为Ni3Al相和Fe基非晶形成的层片状。相对于传统涂层结构,复合涂层更能够强化非晶涂层的层状堆积的优点。相比Fe基非晶涂层,复合涂层的摩擦系数由0.412 3降低到0.256 1,磨损量为原涂层的1/2左右。Ni-Al粒子通过改进Fe基非晶粒子的熔解形态和延展能力,有效提高了非晶涂层的致密度,涂层非晶含量降低不明显,耐磨性显著增强。     

倾斜陶瓷耐热涂层的研究

报道了Ｃｕ材表面喷涂斜陶瓷耐热涂层的组织及其性能，介绍了一种火焰喷涂陶瓷基复合涂层的新方法－－倾斜过渡和重熔层法。实验结果表明：涂层间有扩散反应和液相烧结、涂层具有良好的结合强度、耐热蚀和抗热震性能。采用倾斜陶瓷涂层，可使高炉渣口寿命提高２倍。     

Fe在反应火焰喷涂TiC-Fe涂层过程中的作用

研究了以钛铁、石墨和纯铁粉为原料,Fe在反应火焰喷涂TiC-Fe金属陶瓷涂层过程中的作用。结果表明,原料中Fe含量对涂层的显微结构影响非常大,过高会使涂层中富TiC片层的显微硬度显著降低;过低则涂层中含有大量氧化物。钛铁中的铁和纯铁在喷涂过程中的作用不同。前者主要用于降低体系的点火温度,后者则主要用于吸收反应放热,以消除（或减缓）已合成TiC的氧化过程。     

Ni/Al涂层反应烧结界面组织与特性

将Ni-Al混合粉在不引起反应的条件下喷涂到Q235钢基材表面,H2作为保护气氛,加热到993K,并随炉冷却制备试样.实验结果表明,界面处的硬度明显高于基材和涂层的硬度约32HV,界面结合强度比烧结前增加了2～3倍.SEM和EDX分析表明:界面有约为101μm的Ni-Fe扩散区,扩散区内EDX曲线存在4～5tμm宽的台阶,证实Fe/Ni界面区有新相生成,初步认为是Ni3 Fe有序固溶体.     

热处理对热障涂层孔隙率及热导率的影响

热障涂层高温使用过程中不可避免发生烧结,引起涂层失效。为探索烧结过程对涂层可靠性的影响,采用等离子喷涂制备氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)涂层,并对其进行1 000,1 100,1 200,1 300℃高温烧结试验,研究其高温烧结过程中的微观结构及热导率演变规律。结果表明:高温热处理引起热障涂层组织结构和热导率均发生变化,稳定状态的孔隙率为12%~14%,在热障涂层服役温度范围内热导率增加到1.25~1.45 W/(m·K)。     

Plasma Sprayed NiAl Intermetallic Coating Produced with Mechanically Alloyed Powder

In the present research, mechanically alloyed Ni-Al powder was utilized to develop plasma sprayed coatings, and the effect of the spray distance and heat treatment on the phases, microstructure, and hardness of the coat- ings were examined. Coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and through microhardness measurements. Although mechanically al- loyed Ni-Al powder showed no intermetallic phases, the coatings did. Different spray distances from 5 to 19 cm were employed for plasma spray and the specimens were heat treated at different temperatures, then the amount of oxides, porosity and hardness of the coatings were changed according to the spray condition. The thermal energy of the plasma spray caused the formation of NiAl phases while particles flew to the substrate or after that. Extreme increase in heat treatment temperature and spray distance resulted in oxidation and reduction in the quality of the coating. Furthermore, the best spray distance and heat treatment temperature to gain the NiAl intermetallic coating were established.     

自蔓延反应喷涂技术最新研究及进展

自蔓延反应喷涂技术是近年来产生的一种新的涂层制备技术,它将反应合成技术与喷涂技术相结合,在陶瓷/金属复合涂层制备领域取得了重大突破.围绕自蔓延反应喷涂技术及相关理论研究,综述了该技术的制备方法和最新研究现状,并展望了SHS反应喷涂的研究发展趋势.     

Effects of CdCl2 in CdTe on the properties of sintered CdS/CdTe solar cells

Sintered CdS films on glass substrates with low electrical resistivity and high optical transmittance have been prepared by a coating and sintering method. All-polycrystalline CdS/CdTe solar cells with different microstructures and properties of the CdTe layer were fabricated by coating a number of CdTe slurries, which consisted of cadmium and tellurium powders, an appropriate amount of propylene glycol and various amounts of CdCl₂, on the sintered CdS films and by sintering the glass-CdS-(Cd + Te) composites at various temperatures. The presence of more than 5 wt% of CdCl₂ in the (Cd + Te) layer enhances the sintering of the CdTe film and the junction formation by a liquid-phase sintering mechanism. A low sintering temperature results in poor densification of the CdTe layer and the CdS-CdTe interface, whereas a high sintering temperature results in a deeply buried homojunction. The optimum temperature for the sintering of the CdTe layer and for junction formation decreases with increasing amount of CdCl₂. All-polycrystalline CdS/CdTe solar cells with an efficiency of 10.2% under solar irradiation have been fabricated by a coating and sintering method using cadmium and tellurium powders for the CdTe layer.     

LaMeAl11O19/YSZ热障涂层热力学性能和热循环寿命

LaMeAl₁₁O₁₉陶瓷具有独特的晶体结构, 优异的热力学性能, 低热导率, 高温相稳定性等特点, 是一类非常有应用前景的热障涂层(TBC)材料。本研究通过大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备了LaMeAl₁₁O₁₉/YSZ (Me=Mg, Cu, Zn)双陶瓷层热障涂层。通过对涂层进行火焰热循环测试并结合扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等分析技术对涂层进行失效分析。结果表明, LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉ (LMA)、LaZnAl₁₁O₁₉ (LZA)和LaCuAl₁₁O₁₉ (LCA)粉末在等离子喷涂过程中发生了分解, 导致三种涂层中磁铅石相含量的差异, 从而影响三种涂层的热循环寿命。由于LaMeAl₁₁O₁₉层与YSZ层的热膨胀系数不匹配以及非晶相重结晶产生的体积收缩, LaMeAl₁₁O₁₉层从YSZ层上剥落。YSZ层暴露在高温下, 加速了烧结和TGO的生长, 又促进了YSZ层剥落。低温下, LaMeAl₁₁O₁₉的热导率随着Me原子序数增加而降低; 高温下, 与LMA和LZA相比, LCA涂层红外发射率最高(0.88, 600 ℃), 削弱了光子传导对热导率的贡献, 导致热导率降低, LCA在高温红外辐射涂层中具有潜在的应用价值。     

Thermal parameters of centrifugal induction deposition of powder coatings

An engineering method of calculation of the thermal parameters of centrifugal induction sintering of a powder onto the surface of a workpiece with allowance for the geometric, thermophysical, and electrophysical parameters of the workpiece and the powder layer and for the convective and radiative heating of the exterior surface of the workpiece has been developed. A system for control of the temperature of the workpiece in the process of centrifugal induction sintering of the powder coating onto it has been developed.     

Thermophysical Properties of Thermal Sprayed Coatings on Carbon Steel Substrates by Photothermal Radiometry

Laser infrared photothermal radiometry (PTR) was used to measure the thermophysical properties (thermal diffusivity and conductivity) of various thermal sprayed coatings on carbon steel. A one-dimensional photothermal model of a three-layered system in the backscattered mode was introduced and compared with experimental measurements. The uppermost layer was used to represent a roughness-equivalent layer, a second layer represented the thermal sprayed coating, and the third layer represented the substrate. The thermophysical parameters of thermal sprayed coatings examined in this work were obtained when a multiparameter-fit optimization algorithm was used with the backscattered PTR experimental results. The results also suggested a good method to determine the thickness of tungsten carbide and stainless-steel thermal spray coatings once the thermophysical properties are known. The ability of PTR to measure the thermophysical properties and the coating thickness has a strong potential as a method for in situ characterization of thermal spray coatings.     

Microstructure and thermal behaviour of plasma sprayed zirconia/alumina composite coating

In thermal barrier coatings (TBC), failure occurs near or at the interface between the metallic bondcoat and topcoat. On high temperature conditions, an oxide scale which is named thermally grown oxide (TGO) occurs along the bond/topcoat interface. For diminishing the creation of TGO, a dense coating with low residual stress and thermal stress buffer layer was preferable. High hardness ceramic coatings could be obtained by gas tunnel type plasma spraying, and the deposited coating had superior property in comparison with those deposited by conventional type plasma spray method. In this study, the gas tunnel type plasma spraying system was utilized to produce a zirconia/alumina functionally graded thermal barrier coating and discussed its physical and mechanical properties, thermal behavior and high temperature oxidation resistance of the coating are discussed. Consequently, the proposed system exhibited superior mechanical properties and oxidation resistance at the expenses of a slightly lower thermal insulating effect. This interlayer is preferred in order to minimize the detrimental effect of the phase transformation of gamma-Al2O3 to alpha-Al2O3.