Strength and deformation properties of frozen sand under a true triaxial stress condition

In recent years, the mechanical properties of frozen soils under complex stress states have attracted significant attention; however, limited by the test apparatus, true triaxial tests on frozen soils have rarely been conducted. To study the strength and deformation properties of frozen sand under a true triaxial stress state, a novel frozen soil testing system, i.e., a true triaxial apparatus, was developed. The apparatus is mainly composed of a temperature control system, a servo host system, a hydraulic servo loading system, and a digital control system. Several true triaxial tests were conducted at a constant minor principal stress (σ₃) and constant intermediate principal stress ratio (b) to study the effect of intermediate principal stress (σ₂) on the mechanical properties of frozen sand. The test results showed that the stress–strain curve can be mainly divided into three stages, with evidence of strain hardening characteristics. The strength, elastic modulus, and friction angle increased with the increase in b from 0 to 0.6, but decreased when increasing b from 0.6 to 1, whereas the cohesion varied little with the variation in b. The deformation in the direction of σ₂ changed from dilative to compressive and that in the direction of σ₃ remained dilative throughout.     

高速列车荷载作用的动三轴试验模拟

动三轴试验是目前最常见的获取高速列车荷载作用下土体变形、强度特性的室内试验手段。为探讨模拟高速列车荷载时加荷模式、排水条件、加荷次数等因素对试验结果的影响,利用GDS动三轴仪,对高速铁路沿线典型黏性土进行高振次循环动三轴试验,研究不同试验条件下试样变形、孔压发展规律和临界循环应力比的变化。研究建议可采用半正弦波在排水条件下进行动力试验模拟高速列车荷载,获得地基土体的最大可能变形和临界动应力比,从而简化试验过程,大大缩短试验时间。     

基于SHPB试验下两种岩石的动态力学性能研究

采用Ф100 mm分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置,研究了冲击压缩荷载作用下斜长角闪岩和砂岩动态力学性能,从岩石材料的微观角度阐明了两种岩石动态力学性能随应变率的变化规律。结果表明:斜长角闪岩和砂岩的动态抗压强度、动态抗压强度增长因子都随应变率增大而增大,但砂岩比斜长角闪岩对应变率的变化更加敏感。较低应变率下,砂岩试件的动态压缩破坏呈外围剥落式径向拉伸破坏模式,斜长角闪岩呈轴向劈裂破坏模式;但在较高应变率下,由于破碎程度严重,砂岩呈现粉碎破坏模式,斜长角闪岩呈现压碎破坏模式。本文研究成果可以为其他类型的脆性材料动态力学性能的研究提供参考。     

动态荷载作用下混凝土受拉性质的研究

混凝土静载强度是结构设计的理论基础,在涉及抗震部分的验算时只是将静载强度乘以一个系数作为调整来反映地震作用对结构的影响。实际上在地震荷载的作用下,结构的地震响应非常复杂,不同的建筑物或者建筑物不同的部位,其应变率的变化各不相同,单纯用一个系数调整显然过于简单。通过对C50混凝土试件进行10-5、10-4、10-3、10-2/s四个应变率下的轴拉试验来研究高强度混凝土在动载下极限强度、弹性模量、泊松比、表面微裂缝开展与应变率的关系。     

Experimental investigations of the dynamic mechanical properties and fracturing behavior of cracked rocks under dynamic loading

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Cracked rocks are quite susceptible to dynamic loading from drilling, blasting, and impacting events. Understanding the dynamic response of...     

Strength and failure characteristics of jointed marble under true triaxial compression

The rock structure and three-dimensional stress state play a vital role in the mechanical behaviour of rock masses. Here, a series of true triaxial compression tests (σ₁ > σ₂ > σ₃) are conducted on jointed marble (50 × 50 × 100 mm³) containing a natural stiff joint, taken from the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL-II) project. The purposes of this study are to investigate the joint effect and estimate the stress dependency of jointed marble. The test results show that jointed marble can fail in four distinct forms, namely, splitting or shearing of intact marble, opening of the joint or sliding along the joint, and these failure modes are influenced by the joint configuration and the minimum and intermediate principal stresses. Generally, jointed marble has more brittle post-peak behaviour than intact marble. The linear Mogi-Coulomb failure criterion can be modified to describe the strength of the jointed marble under true triaxial compression. The jointed marble strength is more sensitive to the minimum principal stress than to the intermediate principal stress. A maximum decline of 25% in strength is observed, which corresponds to a joint dip angle of 60° at σ₂ = 60 MPa and σ₃ = 30 MPa. The link between the experimental results and in situ fracturing at CJPL-II is also demonstrated.

     

输电线在冻雨荷载作用下的动力响应

结合雪灾实际,将输电塔-导线体系简化为柔性支承的单根微斜索计算模型,采用变分法,给出导线弹性和塑性阶段运动方程的计算方法,分析比较了冻雨荷载对输电线动力响应的影响,得出冻雨荷载作用下输电线的动力响应较无冻雨荷载作用时大的结论。     

Non-linear, stress- and strain-dependent behavior of soft rocks under cyclic triaxial conditions

Four saturated Miocene soft rocks of Japan i.e. Ohya tuff, Yokohama siltstone, Kobe mudstone and sandstone were tested under consolidated-undrained, cyclic loading conditions. The deformation behavior, pore pressure changes and strength mobilization, and contraction/dilation characteristics of these rocks were studied with emphasis on the non-linearity, stress- and strain-dependence of their mechanical properties. A procedure was introduced to locate the yield point, to estimate Young's modulus and to study the deformation behavior of these soft rocks. Deformation modulus was found to depend on plastic straining according to an exponential equation, whose coefficients in turn, depend on confining pressure. In addition, it also depends on the deviatoric stress levels causing hysteresis to occur. Patterns of pore pressure changes and associated failure modes were interpreted in terms of the initiation/propagation of micro- and macro-cracks inside the specimens. Characteristic stress levels were found, based on which the “true” rock strength components — cohesion and internal friction angle — were determined and their mobilization with respect to stress and strain levels was analyzed using a new interpretation method. Volume change tendencies were inferred from pore pressure changes whose rate was related to the contraction/dilation behavior of soft rocks. On that basis the dilation angle was estimated and its variation and stress- and strain-dependence was analyzed. A simple equation was introduced to characterize the variation of both internal friction and dilation angles with plastic straining, whereas their stress-dependence was studied through the variation of fit coefficients with confining pressure.     

Strength of frozen saline silt under triaxial compression with high strain rate

Frozen saline silt under triaxial compression with high strain rates and temperatures close to freezing of the pore solution is tested. The goal of this study is to examine the effects of high strain rates and hydrostatic pressures on the strength of frozen saline soil at temperatures close to the temperature of freezing. Results of shear strength tests are presented. The significant influence of strain rate, radial stresses, and temperature on shear strength is outlined.     

Crushed rocks stabilized with organosilane and lignosulfonate in pavement unbound layers: Repeated load triaxial tests

The creation of the new “Ferry-Free Coastal Highway Route E39” in southwest Norway entails the production of a remarkable quantity of crushed rocks. These resources could be beneficially employed as aggregates in the unbound courses of the highway itself or other road pavements present nearby. Two innovative stabilizing agents, organosilane and lignosulfonate, can significantly enhance the key properties, namely, resilient modulus and resistance against permanent deformation, of the aggregates that are excessively weak in their natural state. The beneficial effect offered by the additives was thoroughly evaluated by performing repeated load triaxial tests. The study adopted the most common numerical models to describe these two key mechanical properties. The increase in the resilient modulus and reduction in the accumulated vertical permanent deformation show the beneficial impact of the additives. Furthermore, a finite element model was created to simulate the repeated load triaxial test by implementing nonlinear elastic and plastic constitutive relationships.     

列车动荷载下桩-土动力作用研究

结合某紧邻铁路的滑坡抗滑桩治理项目,进行现场列车振动荷载实测,利用有限元技术对列车动荷载作用下的抗滑桩-土进行动力响应分析,得出边坡各个考察点的位移、速度、加速度随输入动荷载的变化规律,据此来研究列车动荷载作用下单桩-土的动力作用。研究结果对列车动荷载作用下抗滑桩治理滑坡工程的长期安全性和耐久性分析评价提供重要参考。     

动态受拉荷载作用下高强混凝土性能分析

随着大批的高层建筑结构及大跨度结构的普遍出现,普通混凝土在某种程度上已不能满足这些大型工程在材料质量上和施工技术上的要求,由此也催生了高强混凝土在工程界的关注度,,而在建筑物的实际使用过程中或地震作用下．构筑物的各个部位均承受着复杂的动态力作用．这就需要我们研究动态荷载作用下高强混凝土的受拉性能变化。本文主要对C60混凝土在10-5／S、10-4／s、10-3、10-2／s四个应变速率下的混凝土的性能变化研究．主要包括高强混凝土的抗拉强度、峰值应变、泊松比、弹性模量等抗拉力学特性。     

低频周期扰动荷载与静载联合作用下岩爆过程的真三轴试验研究

 利用自主研发的真三轴岩爆试验系统,以中粗晶粒花岗岩为岩石试样,在实现低频周期扰动荷载与静载联合作用下岩爆过程模拟的前提下,研究不同荷载影响因素对岩爆的影响。研究结果表明：在其他荷载参数固定的条件下,在轴向低频周期动力扰动荷载作用下,轴向静应力、第三主应力和扰动荷载幅值均存在岩爆方面的门槛值,当达到或超过门槛值时,试样发生岩爆的可能性急剧增大,此时这3个影响因素的小幅变化可导致岩爆弹射动能与岩爆碎块破碎程度的显著变化;在其他荷载参数固定的条件下,在0～3 Hz频率范围内,随着扰动荷载频率的增加,岩爆弹射动能呈先增大后减小的变化规律;静载作用下试样积聚足够大的弹性能和扰动荷载持续输入足够大小和合适速率的能量是此类岩爆发生的能量条件;试样弹性应变能小幅度突增且弹性应变能极限存储能力快速下降的“双向背离效应”是此类岩爆发生的能量机制。     

大理岩三轴压缩破坏的能量特征分析

岩石材料的变形和破坏与能量的变化密切相关。利用刚性伺服系统对大理岩岩样进行了系列三轴压缩试验,基于试验结果,对大理岩在加载过程中各阶段能量变化的具体数值进行了计算和整理,研究了能量变化在加载破坏各阶段分别与围压、应力、应变的内在联系。结果表明,初始围压的增大能够相当程度上提高岩样的破坏应变能。在既定围压下,岩样在弹性变形阶段的能量变化与偏应力和应变均成正线性关系。随着初始围压的增大,岩样所吸收的能量随偏应力变化的增长速率降低,随应变变化的增长速率加快。在三轴压缩过程中,岩样在弹性变形阶段所吸收的能量占总能量的比重较小,绝大部分能量耗散于岩样的屈服变形阶段;并且随着初始围压的增大,屈服变形阶段所吸收的能量占总能量的比重提高。     

基于动三轴试验与标贯击数下粉土的动力研究

以江苏扬州地区两个工程实例的粉土地基为研究对象,采取室内动三轴试验对粉土的抗液化强度进行了试验分析,并将三轴试验结果与标贯击数进行了对比分析,为粉土液化的判定提供了科学依据。     

高温后混凝土三轴压的强度及破坏准则研究

利用大型混凝土静、动三轴试验系统,对经历了200、300、500、600℃高温后的普通混凝土进行了三轴抗压试验,应力比设为0.1:0.25:1、0.1:0.5:0.1:0.75:1和0.1:1:1,测得了混凝土的强度,并根据试验结果,系统地探讨了应力比和温度对处于常规三轴和真三轴受压下混凝土强度的影响.发现随温度的增加,混凝土三个方向极限抗压强度均相应降低,但在相同温度下,混凝土的极限抗压强度比单轴时增大.建立了三轴压混凝土在高温后的破坏准则.     

混凝土三轴压力学性能研究现状

基于普通混凝土和钢纤维混凝土常温单调比例加载下的三轴试验研究,较为系统地介绍了混凝土三轴压试验的研究内容和试验方法,对比分析了两种混凝土的破坏形态、强度、变形等特性,对混凝土破坏准则和本构关系进行了简要论述,根据混凝土三轴试验中存在的问题,提出进一步研究的方向,为混凝土材料的深入研究提供基础。     

三轴卸荷条件下大理岩扩容与能量特征分析

扩容现象是岩石变形破坏过程中的重要特征。基于MTS815 Flex Test GT岩石力学试验平台,采用室内三轴卸荷试验和塑性力学理论分析,揭示了大理岩在卸荷条件下的扩容特征及能量变化特征。结果表明,随着围压的增大,岩样的各特征应力随之增大,其扩容特征随之减弱;岩样的扩容参数——扩容指标以及剪胀角均具有围压效应,即扩容指标与围压呈良好的指数型分布,剪胀角与应力比呈线性分布;岩样的卸荷破坏过程中能量特征为初始时以可释放应变能为主到破坏时的耗散能为主,其间的转折点为初始损伤扩容点,同时卸荷条件下的特征能量值与围压具有良好的指数类型关系;在峰值点与残余点处,岩样的能量损伤值与剪胀角以及能量特征值与扩容指标均存在着较好的指数类型关系。     

动荷载作用下杭州粉土动强度试验研究

通过对杭州粉土进行固结不排水动三轴试验,研究围压和固结比在动荷载作用下对杭州粉土动强度的影响,总结了不同固结比、不同围压的条件下,杭州粉土动强度的变化规律。