基于小波变换的激光超声信号处理研究

激光超声是利用激光照射在媒质中产生的一种超声波,与传统的压电技术相比,它具有非接触,宽带,能定量检测以及时空分辨率高等特点,现已广泛用于材料的无损检测[1,2,3],然而,在对超薄材料的声速的测量中,需要精确测量直达波和回波的时间间隔,但由于受激光超声本身,声传播介质,传感器和测量系统等多种因素的影响,所采集的信号往往是比较复杂叠加波形,如何从中提取有用的波形信息,是测量超薄材料声速的关键.     

基于小波变换的裂谱分析法

 为了提高超声无损检测（UNDT）和无损评价（UNDE）中基础数据的信噪比（SNR）,提出了一种基于小波变换多分辨率分析的裂谱分析新方法．该方法在分析传统裂谱分析（SSP）方法原理及其局限性的基础上,通过采用小波变换多分辨率分析能力将原始超声回波信号进行等Q子带分解,然后按照一定的信噪分离规则来消除噪声,达到提高信噪比的目的．实验结果表明,与传统裂谱分析方法相比,该方法提高了消噪性能的稳定性,增强了湮没晶粒(或其他散射体)散射中的缺陷回波信号能力．     

Instrumental phase-based method for Fourier transform spectrometer measurements processing

Phase correction is a critical procedure for most space-borne Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) whose accuracy (owing to often poor signal-to-noise ratio, SNR) can be jeopardized from many uncontrollable environmental conditions. This work considers the phase correction in an FTS working under significant temperature change during the measurement and affected by mechanical disturbances. The implemented method is based on the identification of an instrumental phase that is dependent on the interferometer temperature and on the extraction of a linear phase component through a least-squares approach. The use of an instrumental phase parameterized with the interferometer temperature eases the determination of the linear phase that can be extracted using only a narrow spectral region selected to be immune from disturbances. The procedure, in this way, is made robust against phase errors arising from instrumental effects, a key feature to reduce the disturbances through spectra averaging. The method was specifically developed for the Mars IR Mapper spectrometer, that was designed for operation onboard a rover on the Mars surface; the validation was performed using ground and in-flight measurements of the Fourier transform IR spectrometer planetary Fourier spectrometer, onboard the MarsExpress mission. The symmetrization has been exploited also for the spectra calibration, highlighting the issues deriving from the cases of relevant beamsplitter emission. The applicability of this procedure to other instruments is conditional to the presence in the spectra of at least one spectral region with a large SNR along with a negligible (or known) beamsplitter emission. For the PFS instrument, the processing of data with relevant beamsplitter emission has been performed exploiting the absorption carbon dioxide bands present in Martian spectra.     

基于小波变换和改进Hilbert变换对科氏质量流量计信号处理

针对工程应用中现有算法处理科式质量流量计两路时变信号相位差计算准确度不高的问题,采用一种基于小波变换和改进Hilbert算法结合的方法,对其两路时变信号进行分析处理,从而快速、准确计算出两路输出信号相位差。该算法首先采用基于小波变换重构的方法对信号进行逐层滤波,滤除现场环境中各种干扰信号并保持检测正弦信号滤波后相位不变,最后应用改进Hilbert算法计算出所测两路信号实时相位差。通过实验可知:该算法可行有效,实时性强,测量准确度高,能够实现科式质量流量计的高准确度测量。     

Fractional wavelet transform

The wavelet transform, which has had a growing importance in signal and image processing, has been generalized by association with both the wavelet transform and the fractional Fourier transform. Possible implementations of the new transformation are in image compression, image transmission, transient signal processing, etc. Computer simulations demonstrate the abilities of the novel transform. Optical implementation of this transform is briefly discussed.     

Digital signal processing for step-scan phase and electrochemical potential double-modulation Fourier transform infrared spectrometry

Step-scan double-modulation (phase and electrochemical potential) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry provides both spectroscopic and dynamic information about faradaic reactions. Recently introduced digital signal processing (DSP) can be used, instead of two lock-in amplifiers, for the optical signal demodulation at two modulation frequencies. In order to establish the merits of double-modulation FT-IR spectrometry with DSP, spectro-electrochemical experiments are performed in the attenuated total reflection configuration and with the commonly used ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple. Because of a large potential drop associated with the uncompensated resistance, a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio for the alternating current (ac) optical measurements is obtained only with the employment of positive feedback compensation. In this arrangement, the amplitude of electrochemical modulation is sufficiently large to convert a significant fraction of the reduced form to the oxidized form and back to the reduced form. Large amplitude ac voltammetry demonstrates that the phase of faradaic admittance at the formal potential is approximately 45 degrees at 2.00 Hz. In addition, these experiments allow for calculation of the interfacial ac potential. This variable is needed for the normalization of the in-phase and the quadrature spectra in order to overcome the problem associated with the iR(u) drop. Because of the integral relationship between the faradaic current and the electromodulation reflectance coefficient, the phases of electromodulation reflectance coefficient with respect to the interfacial ac potential are expected to be -45 degrees and 135 degrees for the reduced and oxidized forms, respectively. However, dynamic information from double-modulation FT-IR spectrometry is available only if demodulation at the electrochemical potential modulation frequency is performed with respect to a defined phase. Because of an undefined demodulation phase implemented in the current version of DSP software, step-scan double-modulation FT-IR spectrometry with DSP is suitable only to provide spectroscopic information. In order to overcome this limitation, the demodulation of the ac optical signal at the electrochemical modulation frequency must be synchronized in phase with the ac potential modulation applied to the electrochemical cell.     

一种基于小波变换的多聚焦图像融合方法

提出了一种基于低频系数局部区域梯度信息的多分辨率图像融合方法。根据局部梯度信息对源图像的小波低频系数进行选择,获取融合图像的对应低频系数。依照平均误差、峰值信噪比、均方根误差以及偏差度、熵等评价标准,将该方法的多聚焦图像融合效果与其他三种常用低频系数融合方法的效果进行了比较。实验结果表明,该方法获得的大部分评价指标都优于其他三种方法,且其最佳小波分解层数为2层,而其他三种方法的最佳小波分解层数为5层。最佳小波分解层数越少,图像融合的计算量越小。该方法在减少计算量的同时,提高了融合质量。     

短时傅里叶变换的FPGA实现及其应用

针对机械设备实时监控中信号处理的需要,在研究短时傅里叶变换Goertzel递推算法与该算法滤波器结构的基础上,提出一种基于FPGA（Field-Programmable Gate Array：现场可编程门阵列）的短时傅里叶变换实现方案,该方案充分利用FPGA嵌入式RAM资源、嵌入式乘法器及其灵活的IP Core功能。通过对仿真信号与实际工程信号的测试,验证了该方案的正确性。     

B-scan Fourier transform holography

A method is described whereby a scanned ultrasonic transducer is used to obtain a B-scan type image with enhanced lateral resolution. In contrast with conventional B-scan, the lateral resolution is equal to the focal spot size of the transducer and is independent of object depth. the ultrasonic signal is processed holographically and the image may be reconstructed either optically or using a small computer. Images of objects in a water bath and of a defective weld in a steel sample are presented.     

Fractional finite Fourier transform

We show that a fractional version of the finite Fourier transform may be defined by using prolate spheroidal wave functions of order zero. The transform is linear and additive in its index and asymptotically goes over to Namias's definition of the fractional Fourier transform. As a special case of this definition, it is shown that the finite Fourier transform may be inverted by using information over a finite range of frequencies in Fourier space, the inversion being sensitive to noise. Numerical illustrations for both forward (fractional) and inverse finite transforms are provided.     

用Bark子波变换实现电子耳蜗CIS语音信号的处理

1引言 电子耳蜗是近年来迅速发展起来的一项聋人康复技术,其功能为代替患者完成声电转换,以携带声音信息的电脉冲直接刺激患者的听觉神经,从而达到使患者恢复听力的目的[1].CIS方案是电子耳蜗目前采用的信号处理方法之一,在CIS方案中,各个带通滤波器相互独立,给参数的调整带来困难,而且用数字滤波器设计时需要对采集到的一段语音信号进行多次重复滤波,使实时实现增加了难度.     

Advances in data processing for open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometry of greenhouse gases

The automated quantification of three greenhouse gases, ammonia, methane, and nitrous oxide, in the vicinity of a large dairy farm by open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP/FT-IR) spectrometry at intervals of 5 min is demonstrated. Spectral pretreatment, including the automated detection and correction of the effect of interrupting the infrared beam, is by a moving object, and the automated correction for the nonlinear detector response is applied to the measured interferograms. Two ways of obtaining quantitative data from OP/FT-IR data are described. The first, which is installed in a recently acquired commercial OP/FT-IR spectrometer, is based on classical least-squares (CLS) regression, and the second is based on partial least-squares (PLS) regression. It is shown that CLS regression only gives accurate results if the absorption features of the analytes are located in very short spectral intervals where lines due to atmospheric water vapor are absent or very weak; of the three analytes examined, only ammonia fell into this category. On the other hand, PLS regression works allowed what appeared to be accurate results to be obtained for all three analytes.     

Spatial carrier-fringe pattern analysis by means of wavelet transform: wavelet transform profilometry

We present an analysis of a spatial carrier-fringe pattern in three-dimensional (3-D) shape measurement by using the wavelet transform, a tool excelling for its multiresolution in the time- and space-frequency domains. To overcome the limitation of the Fourier transform, we introduce the Gabor wavelet to analyze the phase distributions of the spatial carrier-fringe pattern. The theory of wavelet transform profilometry, an accuracy check by means of a simulation, and an example of 3-D shape measurement are shown.     

快速傅里叶变换FFT及其应用

利用快速傅里叶变换FFT将图像信号从空间域转换到频域进行分析,使快速卷积、目标识别等许多算法易于实现;然后根据图像信号的灰度结构特征和频谱分布,用Butterworth带通滤波器和二维维纳滤波器进行滤波处理,去除图像信号中的低频干扰和噪声信号;再利用傅里叶反变换将信号还原。结果显示,处理后的模拟远程高空卫星照片轮廓清晰可见。