冷却速度变化对12Cr铸铁碳化物的影响

采用砂型、金属型、水冷浇注制备含Cr量为12%的过共晶铸铁。研究冷却速度变化对Cr12铸铁凝固组织中碳化物形成特征及碳化物类型转变的影响,探讨了碳化物类型发生转变的原因。结果表明:冷却速度对碳化物尺寸和碳化物类型有很大影响。在砂型和金属型冷却试样中,凝固组织的组成和初生碳化物的形貌没有明显变化,凝固组织均由块状的M7C3型初生碳化物和菊花状的共晶团(M7C3+奥氏体)所组成。金属型冷却试样的碳化物尺寸和共晶团尺寸比砂型试样的细小。水冷条件下,凝固组织中的碳化物有明显的方向性,碳化物尺寸明显减小,凝固组织中出现了M3C+M7C3混合型碳化物,冷却速度的差异改变了碳化物的类型。     

Sr,B添加对Al-15.5%Si合金中共晶团尺寸的影响

考察了Sr,B及Sr＋B联合作用对Al-15．5％Si（质量分数）合金中共晶团尺寸大小的影响．实验结果表明,随合金中Sr量增加,共晶团尺寸呈减少的趋势,冷却速度对共晶团的影响也很显著;在Sr变质的合金中加入B,共晶团尺寸先显著下降,随B量增加降低幅度趋于平缓;在未变质的Al-15.5％Si合金中单独加B,共晶硅由粗大的片状变为细长的层片状,层片间距明显降低．分析认为,合金中加入Sr,导致共晶过冷度增大,因而共晶团形核驱动力增大促使共晶团细化;合金中加入B,增加了共晶团有效形核基底的数量促使共晶团显著细化．     

金属型覆砂生产高精度铸态球铁件

细化共晶团是提高球铁综合力学性能的有效途径。加快铁水凝固的冷却速度就可以实现共晶团的细化。金属型铸造可以加快冷却速度，但是由于冷速过快，容易使球铁铸件出现白口；同时也由于金属型直接与铁水接触，影响金属型的使用寿命，造成铸件生产成本增加。金属型覆砂工艺...     

冷却速率和锶加入量与共晶硅变质等级相关性

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜考察了冷却速率及Sr加入量对亚共晶Al-Si合金中共晶Si形貌变化的影响.Boltzman方程对共晶Si变质等级关系曲线拟合结果表明:随着冷却速率提高,共晶Si完全变质所需要的临界Sr量减少,共晶Si的变质等级与Sr的加入量高度相关,相关系数R2大于0.99.可以推断,在正常铸造条件下,存在变质...     

Al-10Si-2Fe中间合金对Al-10Si-2Cu合金共晶团细化及热裂敏感性的影响

通过测量Al-10Si-2Cu合金共晶团尺寸、冷却曲线、热裂敏感性等,研究了Al-10Si-2Fe中间合金对经Sr变质的Al-10Si-2Cu合金共晶团尺寸的影响,以及共晶团尺寸对热裂敏感性的影响。结果表明,在Sr变质的Al-10Si-2Cu合金熔体中添加Al-10Si-2Fe中间合金处理后,其共晶团尺寸明显减小,抗拉强度和伸长率都得到提高,热裂敏感性显著降低。     

Zn-5%Al合金凝固特性的研究

采用差热分析和金相定量统计，研究了Zn-5％Al合金的凝固特性。对球形共晶团析出过程的传热进行了解析分析。考察了冷却速度对共晶结晶过冷度、共晶层片间距和共晶团大小的影响，并从理论上进行了解析推导。结果表明，共晶结晶过冷度(△T)与冷却速度(V)的1／4次方成正比的关系；共晶层片间距(A)与冷却速度(V)的1／4次方成反比的关系；共晶团大小随着冷却速度的增加而减小。     

Sr对Al-13%Si合金共晶凝固冷却曲线特征温度的影响

在冷却速度约为2℃/s条件下,考察了不同Sr量对Al-13%Si合金共晶凝固冷却曲线特征温度的影响。结果表明,随着Sr含量增加,形核温度TN、再辉前最低温度TM与再辉温度TG降低,共晶过冷度!TE增加,共晶团细化;分析认为,Sr的加入改变了-αAl Si共晶体的形核和生长,一方面,使TN与TM值下降,在凝固过程中,形核过冷度显著增大,因而潜在的形核基底被激活,导致形核率提高,共晶体晶粒数增多,另一方面,"TE=TE-TG(TE为共晶反应平衡温度)增大,表明Sr抑制了共晶体的生长。二者的共同作用导致共晶团细化。     

冷却速度对GW93镁合金铸态组织与性能的影响

采用温度记录仪测定砂型、金属型、水冷金属型和液氮冷却金属型在凝固阶段的平均冷却速度,分析冷却速度对GW 93镁合金铸态组织、相组成和力学性能的影响,建立合金的α(Mg)晶粒尺寸、硬度、抗拉强度、伸长率与凝固冷却速度的关系。结果表明,随着冷却速度的提高,α(Mg)等轴晶明显细化,第二相尺寸明显减小,分布更均匀,非平衡相Mg3Gd增多,α(Mg)等轴晶尺寸与冷却速度的关系公式为D=46.139 v-1/3。随着冷却速度的提高,合金抗拉强度、断后伸长率和硬度也明显提高。     

共晶团对灰铸铁抗拉强度的影响

为了探明灰铸铁的共晶团数和强度之间究竟有什么关系,研究了在不同条件下(化学成分、铁水温度、孕育剂加入量、孕育剂品种、冷却速度等)两者之间的关系.结果证明:共晶团数和强度之间并没有什么规律性的关系,只有在改变冷却速度的条件下,才表现出了强度随共晶团数增加而增加的趋势.尽管所有的孕育剂均能在不同程度上增加共晶团数,但这并不能说明强度变动的大小.所以,不能以共晶团数的多少,来衡量孕育效果的好坏.     

冷却速度对过共晶铝硅合金凝固组织和耐磨性能的影响

试验研究了在不同的冷却速度下凝固的Al-20%Si和Al-30%Si(质量分数,下同）合金的组织和耐磨性。实验结果表明,冷却速度对过共晶铝硅合金的凝固组织和耐磨性能有显著的影响。随着冷却速度的增加,Al-20%Si和Al-30%Si合金的凝固组织组成,初生硅的形貌和尺寸都发生明显的变化：冷却速度小于0．1K/s 的炉冷试样和冷却速度小于1K／s耐火砖型铸造试样的凝固组织由（α＋Si)共晶和初生Si相组成,初生Si相呈粗大的片状,共晶Si呈针状;冷却速度约10K/s的金属型铸造试样的凝固组织由（α＋Si)共晶,枝晶状α相和初生Si相组成,初生Si相为块状或长条状,共晶Si呈细小的针状,并且凝固组织中出现的枝晶状α相;凝固速度为（10^3-10^5)K/s的过喷粉末的凝固组织也是由（α＋Si)共晶,枝晶状α相和初生Si相组成,初生Si相为块状,而喷射沉积快速凝固Al-20%Si和Al-30%Si合金的沉积组织都是由Si相和α相组成,细小的Si相均匀分布在α基体中。随着冷却速度的增加,Al-20%Si和Al-30%Si合金的凝固组织中初生硅的尺寸明显减少,磨损机制发生变化,合金的耐磨性显著增加。     

Iron Powder Treated Gray Irons: Critical Shape Characteristics for Graphite Nuclei

A program was conducted to research how to characterize the size and shape of micro-particles. These can act as graphite nuclei, but are altered by adding a commercial iron powder, or after a similar treatment combined with inoculation. Resin sand mold (RSM) and metal mold (MM) solidified sample structures were subjected to automatic image analysis. In general, a higher cooling rate, typical for MM solidification, favors smaller size and more compact particles, even in RSM media. Iron powder treatment led to the largest particles with unusual morphologies, better defined by complex shape factors, which employ actual perimeters, rather than the simpler median size and aspect ratio method. Conventional inoculation employed after an iron powder treatment altered the particles (smaller and more compact), which benefited their effectiveness to act as graphite nuclei, especially at slower solidification rates in RSMs. The results confirm that promoting more compact micro-inclusions, at smaller sizes, involved in graphite nucleation, reduces the sensitivity to chill and improves the eutectic cell characteristics in gray cast iron.     

Microstructure evolution of A356 alloy in a novel rheocasting approach

A novel approach, was designed to obtain thixotropic structure of equiaxed or non-dendrtic grains for rheocasting, and demonstrated experimentally using A356 aluminum alloy. The circumstance in bulk liquid metal, which would burst into copious nucleation, and at the same time create homogeneous distribution of temperature and solute, was constructed by combined utilization of rotating magnetic fields and a cooling tube. Both the solidified microstructures in metal mold and sand mold exhibited non-dendritic characteristic. Analyses of the rheocasting A356 microstructure indicated that high density of nuclei occurred by inserting a cooling tube into rotating slurry at liquidus temperature. In the case of slow cooling rate, mushy slurry obtained with high nuclei density kept non-dendritic morphology of primary particles with holding time, accompanying grain particles’ coarsening and spheroidizing; moreover, the eutectic silicon got coarsening with retaining time.     

Effect of strontium and solidification rate on eutectic grain structure in an AI-13 wt% Si alloy

The influence of strontium addition and solidification rate on eutectic grain structure in a near-eutectic AI-Si alloy was investigated. The characteristic temperature of eutectic nucleation (TN),minimum temperature prior to recalescence (TM),and the growth temperature (TG) during cooling were determined by quantitative thermal analysis. All characteristic temperatures were found to decrease continuously with increasing Sr content and solidification rate. Microstructural analysis also revealed that the eutectic grain size decreases with increasing Sr content and solidification rate. Such eutectic grain refinement is attributed to the increased actual under-cooling ahead of the liquid/solid interface during solidification.     

Effect of strontium on primary dendrite and eutectic temperature of A357 aluminum alloy

Solidification process of A357 alloy with Sr addition was investigated in this paper. In particular,the effects of strontium and cooling rate on α-Al dendrite and Al-Si eutectic characteristic temperature were characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Sr addition not only modifies the Al-Si eutectic, but also affects the morphology and structure of primary α-Al dendrite. Sr decreases the growth temperature of α-Al dendrite and Al-Si eutectic, and it also affects the dendrite growth mechanism. It has been found that such effect becomes more significant with higher cooling rate.     

La对Sr变质Al-9Si-Cu合金组织及冷却曲线特征的影响

研究了La添加量对Sr变质Al-9Si-Cu合金组织及冷却曲线特征的影响。结果表明,随La含量的增加(0~0.8%时),初生α-Al相尺寸减小,冷却曲线上的初生α-Al相生长最低温度Tmin-α和最高温度TG-α升高;La含量较低时(0.1%~0.2%),明显增强共晶Si的变质效果,冷却曲线上的共晶最低温度Tmin-si和最高温度TG-si降低,共晶再辉温度(ΔTR-Si)值增加;La含量较高时(0.4%~0.8%),共晶Si的变质效果变差,Tmin-si、TG-si和ΔTR-Si减小;ΔTR-Si与共晶Si变质效果有良好的对应关系,ΔTR-Si值越大,变质效果越好。     

冷却速度对铝合金铸件气孔形成的影响

为研究冷却速度对铝合金铸件气孔形成的影响,分别采用潮模砂型、树脂砂型和金属型浇注壁厚10mm、25mm、40mm的铸件,观察截取试样的气孔分布。试验结果表明,冷却速度较慢的铸件气孔数量较多,形状不规则、大小不一,且气孔分散程度大;冷却速度较快的铸件气孔数量少,形状为小圆形且集中分布。潮模砂型铸件因砂型中的水分增加了铝液中的含氢量,铸件中的气孔数量较多;树脂砂型铸件因其凝固时间长,形成的氢气在铝液中溢出一部分,减少了铸件中的气孔量;金属型厚壁铸件由于成分过冷严重,铸件中心部位的气孔数量比边缘部位多。     

Effect of Slow Cooling Rate on the Microstructure of Sr-modified Al-Si Eutectic Alloys

A technique to obtain a fully-modified eutectic (fibrous silicon) structure without primary crystals in commercial purity Al-12.7% Si-0.04% Sr is described. The alloy was solidified at a cooling rate of 1.5 K/min, that is lower than the usual cooling rate in sand casting. The structures, and calculated solid-liquid interface velocities, are in agreement with the classification in diagrams for directionally solidified eutectic alloys. The ultimate tensile strength of the fully modified eutectic samples is as high as 255 MN/m², that is higher than that of chill-cast alloys of similar composition.     

A new multi-zone model for porosity distribution in Al–Si alloy castings

A new multi-zone model is proposed that explains how porosity forms in various regions of a casting under different conditions and leads to distinct zonal differences in pore shape, size and distribution. This model was developed by considering the effect of cooling rate on solidification and distribution of porosity in Al–Si alloys cast as plates in moulds made with silica, ilmenite or zirconia sand cores or steel chills facing the major plate faces. The alloys cast were Al–7 wt.% Si and Al–12.5 wt.% Si in unmodified and modified forms, the latter with either Na or Sr addition. It is found that, regardless of cooling condition, Si content and modification treatment, the microstructure can be divided into three zones of varying size (across the casting thickness) that are determined by the local cooling conditions and the nucleation and growth mode of the Al–Si eutectic. The zones are: (1) an outer shell-like zone where directional columnar dendritic grains and a fine-celled, coherent eutectic form a low-porosity shell at the casting surface; (2) a transitional zone where equiaxed, eutectic cells grow between columnar dendritic grains and irregular pores become trapped in the mush; and finally (3) a central zone where the thermal gradient is low and equiaxed dendritic grains and eutectic cells grow at the centre of the casting and larger, rounded pores tend to form. The paper discusses how Si content, modification type and cooling conditions influence the location and size (i.e. depth) of each of these zones and how the distribution of porosity is thus affected.     

微波硬化表面包覆低共熔体锂盐水玻璃砂抗吸湿性初步研究

介绍了一种在水玻璃砂型表面生成低共熔体锂盐包覆层的方法.首先在水玻璃砂型表面喷涂0.38LiOH-0.62LiNO3混合锂盐饱和水溶液,再将喷涂后的砂型放入微波炉加热硬化,因为配比的混合锂盐共熔点温度只有175.7℃,饱和水溶液中的溶质在微波加热时迅速析出,溶质在微波作用下在砂型表面形成低共熔体.经过低共熔体锂盐表面包覆处理的砂型微波硬化温度能达到370℃,远高于普通微波硬化砂型(110℃),因而包覆处理的砂型强度更高;在相对湿度为98％ ～100％恒湿条件下存放4h后,表面包覆处理的砂型强度较未处理的提高了将近2倍.SEM分析表明,混合锂盐在砂型表面和内层之间的过渡层上生成了一层致密低共熔体物质,该物质阻挡了水分的入侵而保护了内部高强度的粘结桥.