静电纺PLLA/PCL有序纤维的制备及性能研究

以三氯甲烷为溶剂,按聚乳酸(PLLA)/聚己内酯(PCL)质量比70/30配制质量分数3%的溶液进行静电纺丝,接收装置为转筒,电压为10 kV,接收距离为25 cm,推进速度为1.0 mL/h,制备PLLA/PCL有序纤维膜。通过对有序纤维膜进行扫描电镜、X射线衍射、动态力学性能以及力学性能测试,讨论了转筒的表面线速度对PLLA/PCL有序纤维膜性能的影响。结果表明:随着转筒表面线速度的增加,收集的有序纤维接近于平行排列,纤维的排列有序度提高;转筒表面线速度为3.75 m/s时,收集的有序纤维膜的晶粒尺寸及结晶度达到最大值,拉伸强度也达到最大值;转筒表面线速度大于3.75 m/s,收集的有序纤维膜的结晶度和晶粒尺寸减小,拉伸强度降低;转筒表面线速度为3.75 m/s时,得到的PLLA/PCL有序纤维膜的综合性能最好。     

聚ε-己内酯/聚乙二醇共混纳米纤维的静电纺丝研究

采用四氢呋喃和无水乙醇为溶剂,利用静电纺丝法制备了聚己内酯(PCL)/聚乙二醇(PEG)共混纳米纤维。研究了共混配比、溶液浓度、无水乙醇的加入以及电纺电压、接收距离等工艺参数对纤维形态和性能的影响。测试结果表明:聚乙二醇和聚己内酯以一定比例共混后改善了聚己内酯纤维毡的亲水性和细胞相容性;随着纺丝原液浓度增加,电纺产品由高分子微/纳米液滴结构渐变为珠状结构较少的平滑纤维,平均纤维直径逐渐增大;一定范围内,纤维平均直径随电压的上升而增大,但与接收距离关系不大;此外,加入无水乙醇后,共混溶液电导率增加,有利于喷射流的劈裂,减少了珠状结构的数量。     

静电纺工艺参数对聚己内酯纳米纤维直径的影响

用静电纺丝法制备组织工程所需的纳米纤维及材料,在实验中主要研究了基本的工艺参数对所获纤维直径的影响。纤维或非织造膜由两种溶剂系统所制备:氯仿与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合剂及含少量(约40μg)嘧啶的乙酸溶液。为了研究聚合物浓度、DMF含量、施加电压、极距、溶剂系统等因素的影响,使用了扫描电子显微镜、溶液黏度仪、溶液电导率测试仪等。结果表明:随着聚合物浓度上升,纤维的直径先增加后减小;随着溶液中DMF含量的增加,纤维直径不断减小;电压对纤维直径无明显的影响;极距需适中,过大过小都会产生珠状纤维;含少量嘧啶(40μg的乙酸溶剂所获得的聚己内酯(PCL)纳米纤维比由氯仿和DMF的混合溶剂所获得的PCL纳米纤维更加细而均匀。     

PHBV/PCL静电纺纤维膜的低温等离子处理研究

采用氮气和氦气作为处理气氛,对聚羟基丁酸羟基戊酸共聚酯(PHBV)/聚己内酯(PCL)静电纺纤维膜进行等离子体表面改性处理,以改善纤维膜的亲水性。通过接触角测试表征其亲水性,探讨了等离子体处理工艺对亲水性的影响;用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)仪测定纤维膜的表面基团含量,对比氮气和氦气的处理效果;用扫描电镜测试纤维膜表面的微观形态变化。结果表明:PHBV/PCL纤维膜在氮气和氦气气氛下,经等离子体处理对纤维膜的亲水性改善效果显著,氮气的处理效果优于氦气;随着处理功率或处理时间的增加,纤维膜的亲水性呈现先增强后减弱的趋势;在氮气气氛,处理功率30 W,时间2 min条件下,等离子体处理对纤维膜的表面有一定的刻蚀作用,且随着处理功率的增加而趋于明显,但纤维膜的质量损失不显著。     

PHBV/PCL共混纤维的结构与性能

采用熔融纺丝法制备聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBV)/聚ε-己内酯(PCL)生物可降解共混纤维。采用差示扫描量热仪、广角X射线衍射仪、热台偏光显微镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对PHBV/PCL共混体系的相容性和结晶性能进行了表征。结果表明:PHBV和PCL是不相容的;PHBV/PCL共混体系中的PHBV影响了PCL的结晶机制和结晶速率,PCL的结晶形态没有改变;PCL不影响PHBV的结晶机制,降低了PHBV的结晶速率,改变了PHBV的结晶形态。     

SA溶液浓度对乳液静电纺丝SA/PCL纳米纤维成形的影响

乳液静电纺丝可制备同时含有亲水和亲油两相结构的复合纳米纤维。以聚己内酯(PCL)/三氯甲烷为连续相,海藻酸钠(SA)/去离子水为分散相,失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯(Span80)为乳化剂,制备油包水(W/O)型乳液,并采用乳液静电纺丝技术制得SA/PCL复合纳米纤维膜,经与Ca2+置换制得海藻酸钙(CA)/PCL复合纤维膜,研究了SA溶液浓度对纤维成形的影响。结果表明:表面活性剂Span80和分散相SA水溶液的加入可有效增加PCL的可纺性;当乳液体系中SA溶液体积一定,SA溶液浓度对SA/PCL乳液的黏度无明显影响;随SA溶液浓度的增加,SA/PCL乳液的表面张力降低,SA/PCL复合纳米纤维的直径出现极大值,但均小于仅添加Span80所得的PCL纳米纤维;SA在复合纳米纤维成形过程中会向纤维表面迁移,从而可实现SA与Ca2+交换,且离子交换后形成纤维间的粘连结构。     

聚己内酯静电纺丝纳米纤维与环氧树脂复合涂层防腐性能的研究

利用静电纺丝法在Q345钢表面制备聚己内酯(PCL)与缓蚀剂二巯基苯并噻唑(MBT)的纳米纤维膜PCL/MBT,然后在其表面旋涂环氧树脂(EP),得到复合涂层。通过电化学阻抗谱技术研究了复合涂层的防腐蚀性能。结果表明:在温度为25 ℃、湿度20%、纺丝电压15 kV、接收距离18 cm、V(氯仿)∶V(丙酮)=2∶3的条件下,PCL质量分数为12%,MBT质量浓度为0.01 g/mL时,静电纺丝得到的纳米纤维表面光滑,粗细均匀。电化学测试结果表明:EP/PCL/MBT复合涂层的防腐性能优于EP/PCL或EP涂层。     

聚ε-己内酯的热性能和结晶形态

应用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析(TG)和偏光显微镜(PM)等方法,研究了聚ε-己内酯的化学组成、聚集态结构和热性能.同时考察了成核剂对聚ε-己内酯的结晶形态和结晶行为的影响.实验结果表明,在聚ε-己内酯中加入苯甲酸钠作为成核剂,有效地加速了聚ε-己内酯的结晶过程.作为其结果,明显地破坏了其球晶的完整性,并使其结晶微细化.另一方面,加入成核剂在一定程度上降低了聚ε-己内酯的流动速率.     

PCL及PCL-PEG-PCL共聚物的合成与表征

以辛酸亚锡[Sn(Oct)2]作为引发剂,采用ε-己内酯(ε-CL)开环均聚合制备聚ε-己内酯(PCL),考察了n(ε-CL)/n[Sn(Oct)2]、反应温度和反应时间等因素对聚合产物特性黏数的影响。以Sn(Oct)2为催化剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)为引发剂,合成了不同相对分子质量的PCL-PEG-PCL三嵌段共聚物,研究了ε-CL均聚物及共聚物的结构、热性能和结晶形态。PCL最佳合成工艺为:n(ε-CL)/n[Sn(Oct)2]为400,温度130℃,反应时间4 h。随着PEG相对分子质量从2×103增加到8×103,三嵌段共聚物的熔融温度、熔融焓和结晶温度逐渐升高;结晶温度及PEG相对分子质量对PCL-PEG-PCL三嵌段共聚物球晶的形态和尺寸影响很大。     

静电纺丝制备磁性PCL/PAN纳米纤维膜用于微生物固化载体的研究

以聚己内酯(PCL)和聚丙烯腈(PAN)为溶质,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和三氯甲烷(TCM)为溶剂,然后加入磁性四氧化三铁纳米颗粒,利用静电纺丝技术纺织出具有磁性的复合纳米纤维膜,作为微生物生长的载体,应用于污水处理中。观察在SEM、X射线衍射、红外光谱测试、差示扫描量热法进行测试,力学性能通过动态力学来分析。研究发现,PAN的加入改变了纤维内部结晶的位置,而且所得到的纳米纤维直径分布较均匀,没有黏连现象;热疲劳方面有着较好的抗性,提高了重复利用的性能。     

国产PBO纤维的性能及形貌研究

采用扫描电子显微镜、元素分析仪、热分析仪以及复合材料单向环(NOL)法等对国产聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑(PBO)纤维和东洋纺Zylon纤维的形貌、元素组成、热性能和力学性能进行了比较分析。结果表明:Zylon纤维单丝直径约为12μm,国产PBO纤维直径稍大,约为20μm;Zylon纤维表面较为光滑和致密,国产PBO纤维表面存在微小的浅沟槽;国产PBO纤维的断裂强度最高达5.36 GPa,模量最大为239 GPa,分别比Zylon纤维低7.6%和14.6%,但其NOL环的层间剪切强度最高达26 MPa,比Zylon纤维制备的复合材料高14%;国产PBO纤维与Zylon纤维的组成基本一致,但其耐热性能优异,在氮气中的分解温度大于676℃,在空气中的分解温度大于634℃,分别比Zylon纤维高6℃和23℃。     

The effect of UV irradiation on the electrospun PCL/TiO2 composites fibers

The effect of UV irradiation and micro‐ and nano‐TiO₂ as well as titanate nanotubes (TiNT) on the phase morphology and thermal properties of the electrospun PCL composite fibers was investigated. Polycaprolactone (PCL)/TiO₂ (micro‐ and nano‐TiO₂ as well as titanate nanotubes) composite fibers were prepared by electrospinning a polymer solution. The PCL and PCL/TiO₂ composite fibers were exposed to UV light at irradiation times of 5 and 10 days. After UV irradiation the crystallinity of the electrospun PCL/TiNTcomposite fibers increased because of the large specific surface area of TiNT. The thermal stability of the PCL/TiNT electrospun composite fibers increased due to the formation of crosslinking structure after UV irradiation. The SEM analysis suggests that after UV radiation the fibers showed high degree of degradation due to the high number of fibers breakages and fibers surface voids. The results of FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that the TiO₂ particles enhance the degradation process because of their photocatalytic activity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43539.     

Morphology of ultrafine polysulfone fibers prepared by electrospinning

Ultrafine fibers of bisphenol‐A polysulfone (PSF) were prepared by electrospinning of PSF solutions in mixtures of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and acetone at high voltages. The morphology of the electrospun PSF fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the concentration of polymer solutions and the acetone amount in the mixed solvents influenced the morphology and the diameter of the electrospun fibers. The processing parameters, including the applied voltage, the flow rate, and the distance between capillary and collection screen, were also important for control of the morphology of electrospun PSF fibers. It was suggested that uniform ultrafine PSF fibers with diameter of 300–400 nm could be obtained by electrospinning of a 20 % (wt/v) PSF/DMAC/acetone (DMAC:acetone = 9:1) solution at 10–20 kV voltages when the flow rate was 0.66 ml h^?1 and capillary–screen distance was 10 cm. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

静电纺光致变色PMMA纤维的制备与表征

使用静电纺丝的方法制备了一种含有硝基螺吡喃(SP)的具有光致变色特性的PMMA纤维。红外光谱(IR)的研究结果表明,SP可以通过络合反应与PMMA结合。通过扫描电镜(SEM)的观察可以看出,SP的加入对PMMA纤维的形态结构几乎没有影响。紫外可见光谱以及紫外光照后的颜色变化观察的结果表明,SP的加入使PMMA纤维具备了良好的光致变色性能。     

PTT/PA6拉伸丝的形态与性能的研究

考察了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯/聚酰胺6(PTT/PA6)拉伸丝的形态,测试了其线密度、断裂强度、回潮率、热收缩率及卷曲性能,并与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚酰胺6(PET/PA6)拉伸丝进行了对比.结果表明:PTT/PA6拉伸丝横截面为橘瓣型,裂离后为三角形.PTT/PA6拉伸丝的断裂强度、断裂功和卷曲收缩率随纺丝速度的增加...     

Synthesis and characterization of PCL/PEG/PCL triblock copolymers by using calcium catalyst

Triblock copolymer PCL-PEG-PCL was prepared by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) catalyzed by calcium ammoniate at 60 °C in xylene solution. The copolymer composition and triblock structure were confirmed by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR measurements. The differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analyses revealed the micro-domain structure in the copolymer. The melting temperature T_m and crystallization temperature T_c of the PEG domain were influenced by the relative length of the PCL blocks. This was caused by the strong covalent interconnection between the two domains. Aqueous micelles were prepared from the triblock copolymer. The critical micelle concentration was determined to be 0.4-1.2 mg/l by fluorescence technique using pyrene as probe, depending on the length of PCL blocks, and lower than that of corresponding PCL-PEG diblock copolymers. The ¹H NMR spectrum of the micelles in D₂O demonstrated only the -CH₂CH₂O- signal and thus confirmed the PCL-core/PEG-shell structure of the micelles.     

Understanding the relation between structural and mechanical properties of electrospun fiber mesh through uniaxial tensile testing

Polymeric electrospun fibers have the potential to be utilized for a variety of applications such as tissue engineering, filtration, and textiles, owing to their high surface area per unit mass. However, these applications have some form of dependency on the mechanical properties of fiber meshes. Therefore, the current study is aimed at understanding the mechanical behavior of electrospun fiber systems at different length scales in order to establish a correlation between their structure and mechanical properties. Micro‐/nano‐fiber meshes of polystyrene were fabricated by the process of electrospinning and were subjected to uniaxial tensile testing. High‐resolution imaging during tensile testing revealed the macroscopic and microscopic structural evolution of these fibers. Further, the dependence of tensile strength, % elongation, and toughness of fiber meshes on the orientation of the fibers were also experimentally observed. The continuum mechanics simulation studies of fiber meshes with different orientations corroborated well with these experimental studies. Comprehensively, these studies demonstrated the changes in mechanical behavior of electrospun fiber meshes owing to the reorientation and alignment of fibers in meshes at microscopic and macroscopic length scale during tensile testing. Such study can be extrapolate for the design and fabrication of load‐bearing tissues scaffolds, and filtration devices. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45012.     

Elytra-mimetic ceramic fiber aerogel with excellent mechanical,anti-oxidation,and thermal insulation properties

High-performance thermally insulating aerogel with low density, high porosity, and low thermal conductivity characteristics was widely used in heat insulation. However, the large-scale application of aerogel was still limited by its brittleness and infrared radiation transparency at high-temperature. Fiber composite aerogel had achieved significant progress, but its anti-oxidation ability was poor, and its thermal insulation required further improvement at ultra-high temperatures. Herein, inspired by the structure of elytra, nanoparticle fiber (NF) was prepared by electrospinning of coaxial fiber loaded with opacifier and antioxidant nanoparticles. The NF was incorporated into the SiBCN aerogel to prepare NF/SiBCN ceramic fiber aerogel. The mechanical properties were improved by fiber networks. The shell structure increased the antioxidant properties. Heat conduction and heat convection were suppressed by the aerogel, while heat radiation was reduced by the coaxial fiber. The results showed that the ceramic fiber aerogel exhibited superior mechanical, antioxidant, and ultra-low thermal conductivity properties.