建材产品的环境管理体系认证和产品认证

2008年奥运会将在北京举办,为我国建材企业的发展提供了机遇,同时也是对我国建材企业提出了挑战,因为举办一届绿色奥运对建材生产企业提出了更高的要求.因此建材企业尤其是重点建材企业进行ISO 14000环境管理体系认证和相应的产品质量认证是非常必要的.     

Overcoming the problems associated with quality certification

Serendipitous findings are reported from an on-going research project that seeks to determine the effectiveness of quality assurance systems certified under the ISO 9000 series in Australian contracting organizations. In Australia, certification has become mandatory for all organizations wishing to do business with government agencies and major private companies. While certification was designed so that purchasers could have confidence in the quality of the vendor's product or service, not all organizations have been able to implement certification processes in a way that supports this original intent. Instead, most construction organizations have opted to go through the motions without an underlying sustainable continuous improvement philosophy. They simply wish to gain marketing benefits, while others have been overcome by the mass of paperwork required for achieving the quality ‘seal of approval’. This paper uses a case study to examine the experiences of a major building and engineering contractor threatened by the paperwork dilemma. However, by adopting a radical shift in the management of the certification programme the contractor was able to implement a quality system that reduced rework significantly and brought about marketing benefits. This case study is used to present a company's experiences in solving problems associated with the certification process, and offers a learning opportunity for other organizations facing similar difficulties.     

水泥企业产品质量认证与质量管理体系认证异同浅析

我国水泥企业从二十世纪八十年代开始推行的产品质量认证和九十年代开始推行的质量体系认证,对于提高组织的企业质量管理水平、企业整体素质和企业规范化运作水平,降低不良品损失、降低生产成本、提高经济效益、提高产品信誉、提升企业形象和提高产品市场竞争力发挥了重要作用.企业领导和员工对认证工作越来越重视,社会和顾客对认证工作越来越关注.但是,笔者到企业认证检查或咨询服务过程中,有不少水泥生产和建筑施工的企业领导和员工对此存在模糊或错误认识,不清楚产品质量认证与质量管理体系谁优谁劣.存在这种认识的原因,主要是对产品质量认证和质量管理体系认证两者的涵义、对象、性质、目的、认证条件和两者的异同之处等内容了解不够.为了澄清这种模糊和错误的认识,使水泥生产企业更好地选择组织的认证方式,使水泥经销和使用顾客更好地选择认证企业的水泥产品,现将产品认证和体系认证的异同之处浅析如下,仅供水泥生产、流通和使用单位参考.     

Two-dimensional price discrimination with uncertainty about willingness-to-pay

This paper discusses price discrimination in a duopoly in two-dimensional consumer characteristics space. We assume that there is uncertainty about a single unobservable characteristic, willingness-to-pay. We show that the subgame perfect equilibrium supports that both firms choose separate pricing policies, uniform pricing and discriminatory pricing, and the Prisoner’s Dilemma does not occur. This result is maintained when the uncertainty is sufficiently high, and differs from Thisse and Vives’s one-dimensional model in which discriminatory pricing is a dominant strategy. As the uncertainty decreases, the pricing structure converges to Thisse and Vives’s model in which the Prisoner’s Dilemma and all-out competition emerge.     

质量体系认证工作回顾

2001年1月18日,国投海南水泥有限公司正式通过ISO 9002质量体系认证.企业要发展、管理要上等级,通过认证,可以更加规范企业的各项管理,提高员工的质量意识及综合素质,从而进一步提高企业的知名度和市场中的竞争力.     

Handling uncertainty

The development and use of risk analysis techniques in relation to oil field development is described. CATRAP, a cost and time risk analysis program, is presented, and two examples of its use with oil-related projects are described. A further example is given of a project for which CATRAP is not appropriate, and for which a specific probability model is required.     

方圆认证给“禹王“带来无限生机

盘锦禹王防水建材集团有限公司一直重视产品质量和企业质量管理工作,将产品质量视作企业的生命.公司在做了大量基础工作后,1993年向中国方圆认证委员会东北认证站提出了质量体系认证和产品质量认证申请,并于1994年正式通过了以上两项认证,这在全国防水行业中属首家.方圆认证通过之后,禹王集团一方面更加重视企业的产品质量,使质量管理工作朝着制度化、标准化、规范化的道路前进;另一方面,方圆认证也提高了企业的声誉和知名度,给企业的发展带来新的生机.……     

推行CTC标志认证再塑铝塑建材新形象

2008年7月13日,中国建筑材料检验认证中心、中国建筑材料联合会铝塑复合材料分会,联合在人民大会堂召开了“中国铝塑建材产品认证发布会”,为首批通过CTC中国建材产品质量认证的铝塑建材企业颁发证书。中国建筑材料科学研究总院院长、中国建筑材料检验认证中心主任姚燕为大会致辞,并向获证企业表示祝贺。     

回弹法检测混凝土强度不确定度分析

介绍回弹法检测混凝土强度的特点和方法,阐述不确定度的原理和评定不确定度的主要步骤,并结合具体实例对回弹法推定混凝土强度的主要影响因素进行分析.引入不确定度对结构混凝土强度合格性评定进行了探讨,以期完善回弹法检测混凝土强度施工工艺.     

Measures of uncertainty

In spite of the fact the engineers are familiar with the idea that physical systems can be modelled in various ways, it is often stated that probability theory is the only way of modelling uncertainties and degrees of belief about those uncertainties. The thesis advanced here is that within certain bounds (which are specified) there are many ways of representing uncertainty. In particular the ideas of probability and fuzzy sets are shown to be entirely compatible. A voting model is used to illustrate the argument before the basis of the formal treatment is outlined. Finally a set of conjectures are advanced about the types of problem that might best be tackled by probabilistic and fuzzy inference.     

节水产品管理模式与标准体系

节水产品管理历史和现状 1992年．建设部为加强对城市房屋便器水箱质量和应用的监督管理,节约用水,根据《城市节约用水管理规定》．以第十七号建设部部令方式发布《城市房屋便器水箱应用监督管理办法》,直接管理推广具体的节水产品。     

论外部审核与认证

1问题的提出 <建材标准化与质量管理>2004年第4期刊登的<采购过程的特性及其控制>(以下简称<控制>)一文,笔者认为其中许多观点是值得肯定和推广的,生产企业可以借鉴其良好的方法.但是,对于文章中谈到选择具有生产合格产品能力的合格供方时,企业可以对供方进行"审核认证"等观点,笔者有不同看法,现探讨如下.     

Fatigue analysis of offshore platforms with uncertainty in foundation conditions

Foundation flexibility is an important consideration, in designing offshore structures against fatigue, since it has a significant effect on the system's dynamic response. However, a considerable amount of uncertainty is expected in the estimation of foundation flexibility due to the natural nonhomogeneity of the soil as well as laboratory and in-situ testing errors. The proposed method explicitly uses of the statistical nature of uncertainty in the soil stiffness to estimate the variability in the instanteneous and fatigue response using the First-Order Second Moment technique, with emphasis on uncertainties in the dynamic shear modulus along with random wave loading. Uncertainties in the response are estimated considering the randomness in the eigen values, eigen vectors, and the mechanical transfer function. Fatigue life is estimated at different levels of uncertainty for the dynamic shear modulus. It is observed that the uncertainty in the dynamic shear modulus of the soil has more significant effect on the fatigue life of the joints close to the base. The variability in the fatigue response increases with a reduction in the mean dynamic shear modulus. The response is more sensitive to changes in the dynamic shear modulus at its lower values.     

Reliability of linear structures with parameter uncertainty under non-stationary earthquake

The present work aims towards the development of a general framework of time varying unconditional reliability evaluation of linear elastic multi degree of freedom structures with uncertain parameter subjected to the generalized earthquake ground motion, a non-stationary process both in amplitude and frequency content. The formulation is developed in double frequency spectrum to derive the generalized power spectral density function of the structural responses. The time varying reliability is evaluated using conditional crossing rate following the Vanmarcke’s modification. The perturbation based stochastic finite element method is utilized in deriving unconditional reliability. An idealized three dimensional dam structure subjected to El Centro (1940) earthquake is taken up to elucidate the proposed unconditional time varying reliability computation procedure based on the maximum top displacement and base shear criteria. The results are presented to compare the change in reliabilities of the uncertain system with that of deterministic system and associated variance of the reliability due to parameter uncertainty.     

FIA检测挥发酚结果的不确定度评定

介绍了连续流动注射仪（FIA）测定水中挥发酚的不确定度的评定方法。该方法也可以用于其他元素测定结果的评定,为建立有效的质量控制方法提供了科学的依据。     

液相色谱法测定水中甲萘威不确定度评价

介绍了液相色谱法测定水中甲萘威不确定度的方法及原理,主要对液相色谱法测定水中甲萘威引起的不确定度进行了分析以及量化,认为不确定度主要来源于标准溶液和绘制标准曲线的过程以及样品的前处理过程和样品的重复测定过程,其中绘制标准曲线引入的不确定度和样品的前处理过程引入的不确定度所占比例较大。     

论测量的不确定度

简单介绍了"测量不确定度"的概念,结合相关规范提出了对测量不确定度的具体要求,阐述了如何确定测量不确定度,包括不确定度的来源识别,建立测量过程的模型,逐项评定标准不确定度等内容,以指导实践。     

北美的门窗热工性能认证

本文综述了NFRC和"能源之星"对门窗热工性能认证要求、热效标识和北美对采用节能门窗的激励措施.     

建立碳交易平台和低碳认证体系

解决发展低碳经济的资金的途径可以通过建立规范的碳交易市场平台,参与国际碳交易规则的制定,成为国际碳交易的主角按市场经济机制,一方面引导企业向低碳方向努力,另一方面吸引国际资金,以弥补高昂的低碳经济投资。建议组织专家研究制定《中国低碳经济认证标准体系》,在我国局部地区先试先行,探索实践低碳产品、低碳技术认证工作,建立生产企业和消费者参与的激励机制,发挥职能部门和公众的监督作用,在实践中完善低碳经济标准认证体系。