自动分割及跟踪视频运动对象的一种实现方法

随着MPEG-4压缩标准的制定,分割及跟踪视频运动对象的研究显得极其重要。在MPEG-4视频编码标准中,为了实现基于视频内容的交互功能,其视频序列的每一帧由视频对象面（VOP）来表示。为了生成视频对象面,需要对视频序列中的运动对象进行有效的分割;并跟踪运动对象随时间的变化,为此提出并实现了一种用于分割及跟踪视频运动对象的时空联合方法。该方法首先采用连续帧间差的4次统计量假设检验,确定运动对象的位置,自动地分离出运动区域与背景区域;在运动区域内,采用数学形态学的分水线算法来精确地提取运动对象的轮廓;最后,将提取到的运动对象作为模板,对后续的视频序列,用Hausdorff距离度量,来跟踪并提取后续帧中运动对象。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地分割和跟踪视频运动对象,且能有效减少计算复杂度,其调整参数也较少。     

基于改进活动轮廓的视频对象自动分割及跟踪算法

为了能够从视频序列图像中准确地提取出运动视频对象,提出了一种基于改进活动轮廓的视频对象自动分割及跟踪方法。该方法首先采用连续帧间差的4次统计量假设检验来确定视频对象的运动区域,并使用形态滤波消除残余噪声和空洞;然后根据3帧序列图像得到的前后运动区域的相与运算来有效地解决运动视频对象前后帧的遮挡问题,以获得视频对象模板,当提取出视频对象模板的边缘轮廓后,再用梯度向量流场作为外力的改进活动轮廓算法来获得视频对象的精确轮廓;最后以此视频对象的轮廓为基础进行运动补偿,以得到下一帧图像的初始曲线,再使用改进的活动轮廓算法对下一帧图像进行分割,即可实现视频对象的跟踪。该方法不仅能够消除差分图像中的显露背景,得到运动视频对象精确的轮廓,并且可进行多目标的分割与跟踪。     

室内人体运动目标的自动跟踪方法

针对人体运动目标的自动实时跟踪,设计一种新的基于P89v51内核的运动摄像头云台控制系统.对人体运动的图像检测与跟踪,提出一种快速的模板匹配方法.用改进Surendra算法自适应地获取背景图像以提取匹配模板,通过摄像头运动前后帧相同的运动区域来缩小匹配区域,进行快速目标匹配,达到实时性要求.该系统已应用在视频教学及会议中,实现自动人体运动目标跟踪与摄像.     

自动分割视频序列中运动物体的新算法：多特征联合方法

视频编码标准MPEG-4增加了适于多种应用的基于视频内容的功能,为了支持这一功能和提高编码效率,MPEG-4将视频序列中的每一帧分解成视频对象面(VOP);另外,由于基于内容的视频检索和视频监控系统均期望用分割出的关键视频对象紧致地表示一个序列,同时由于视频分割技术在模式识别、计算机视觉等领域也得到了广泛的应用,因此,分割视频运动物体并跟踪运动物体的变化变得至关重要.为了对视频中运动物体进行有效的分割,在帧差图象的基础上,采用Canny边缘检测和随机信号的高阶矩检测相结合的方法,来自动分割视频序列的前景区域和背景区域,并在前景区域中应用区域生长法进行颜色分割,以精确提取运动物体的边缘;还利用边缘和颜色特征来对分割出的运动物体建立模板,用于解决非刚体运动中局部暂时停止运动的情况.实验结果表明,此方法可以有效地分割运动物体,并能跟踪运动物体的变化.     

一种基于运动边缘检测的视频对象分割新算法

利用人眼对运动(时间梯度)和边缘(空间梯度)都特别敏感的视觉特点，把帧间运动变化检测和图像的边缘检测结合起来，提出一种新的运动视频对象分割算法．通过帧间差快速得到运动物体的大致位置，形成差分模板，然后通过边缘检测在差分模板中确定物体的准确边缘，并形成边缘模板．在边缘模板的基础上，利用二值图像下的收缩型活动轮廓算法，可以方便地得到视频对象(VOP)的闭合轮廓曲线(以便进行编码传输和基于形状的检索)．同时，设置模板缓冲区以记忆前一时刻的分割结果，从而弥补当前帧的不完整性．该算法对目标的整体运动和局部形变都有较强的适应性，且具有自动消除显露背景以及多目标自动分割包围的能力．     

基于块仿射分类和HD跟踪的视频分割方法

提出一种自动视频分割方法,分为运动对象检测、对象跟踪、模型更新、分水岭轮廓提取四个阶段。与变化检测方法不同,该基于块的运动分类器能够检测背景具有一致运动情况下的运动对象。自动得到运动对象的二值模型并在随后帧中使用Hausdorff距离进行跟踪。将视频对象运动分为慢变和快变两部分,分别结合背景边缘模型进行匹配更新。最后提出彩色多尺度梯度修正的分水岭算法提取对象的轮廓。实验证明了算法的有效性。     

运动视频对象分割的一种快速算法

为了能够实时地对运动视频对象进行分割,提出了一种对视频序列图象中的运动对象进行快速分割提取的算法,该算法首先对图象进行滤波,并求出连续两帧图象之间的差分,然后应用“同化填充”技术和基于对象的“整体运动估计”来对差分图象进行修正,进而得到对象模板,同时利用模板缓冲区的帧间迭代来维持模板的完整性,该算法不仅不依赖于固定背景,而且能够消除差分图中的显露背景,还能得到运动目标较为精确的形状,并且算法简单,快速,鲁棒性好。     

使用修改的豪氏道夫距离自动提取运动对象

新的视音频编码标准MPEG－4增加了支持基于内容的功能,它把视频序列分割成语义意义上的视频对象（VO）视频对象在某一瞬时的：“快照”称为视频对象平面（VOP）,且一系列VOP表示一个运动对象,VOP分割相当困难,这主要是因为物理对象通常不以亮度,彩色或光流等低级特征来表达,所以经典的分割方法无法获得有意义的分割结果,为了对这种视频运动图象进行有效的提取,提出了一种基于修改的豪氏道夫对象踊跃器的自动VOP分割方法,首先提取出初始模型,然后用跟踪器在序列中继帧中跟踪此对象,再对模型逐帧修改,以适应对象在后继帧中形状的旋转和变化,最后根据一系列二值模型来提取出视频对象,此外,为了提高分割效果帮减少复杂性,还使用了静 背景滤除技术来滤除静态背景,实验结果表明,该算法是有效的。     

基于运动估计的Kalman滤波视频对象跟踪

提出了一种利用Kalman滤波对运动目标的形心进行预测,从而实现视频对象跟踪的算法。首先进行视频对象分割,求出运动目标的形心。再利用视频序列中连续两帧的形心和运动矢量信息,用Kalman滤波对运动目标的形心在下一帧的位置进行预测,从而快速、有效地自动跟踪多个目标对象。实验结果表明,该算法对运动目标的出现和消失,以及非刚性物体的尺度变化和变形,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于运动信息与多尺度分水岭的视频目标分割

从视频序列中提取视频目标是基于内容编码中的一项关键技术。提出了将高阶统计运动检测和多尺度分水岭相结合的视频目标分割算法。该算法首先利用高阶统计运动检测算法检测出运动区域,通过后处理得到运动目标的初始模板。然后,用小波变换对视频图像进行多分辨率分解。在最低分辨率上应用分水岭算法分割得到具有精确边缘的分割区域,通过将区域融合后的区域逐步投影到高分辨率图像上并结合高分辨率图像上的分水岭算法逐步提取出具有精确边缘的区域。最后,将运动目标的初始模板和多尺度分水岭分割得到的区域结合起来提取出具有精确边缘的视频对象。实验结果表明该算法能有效地分割和提取出视频序列中的视频对象。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。