冲天炉烟气除尘净化技术及其发展

1　冲天炉熔炼过程中产生大量的污染物在冲天炉熔炼过程中 ,由于焦炭的燃烧 ,金属炉料的预热、熔化和过热 ,炉气的运动、炉料的加入及下降等作用 ,使冲天炉排放的烟气中含有大量的气体及固体有害物质。据统计 ,冲天炉每熔炼 1吨铁水 ,排出的烟气量 (从加料口排出的烟气 )大约为 70 0～ 90 0ｍ3 (标 ) ｔ铁 ,排出的烟气中主要气体成分有二氧化硫、一氧化碳、氟化氢、二氧化碳和水蒸气等。还含有大量的固体物质———烟尘 ,为 3～ 1 0ｋｇ ｔ铁。其主要有害成分是二氧化硫、一氧化碳、氟化氢等。烟温为 30 0℃左右。这些物质不仅危害人类身体…     

焦炉烟气净化工艺的选择

焦炉是焦炭生产设备,主要通过热能对煤炭进行燃烧,由此生产焦炭。这一基础上,焦炉的运作必然会产生大量烟气,而烟气内含有大量的有害物质,会对周边环境、人等造成污染与威胁,因此考虑到焦炉应用的环保性,需要对其烟气进行净化。因此对焦炉烟气净化工艺选择进行分析,阐述焦炉烟气排放的特点,最后对各烟气净化工艺流程、特点进行分析。     

一氧化碳在烟气制酸中的影响

在一般的硫酸工艺设计中并未考虑烟气中CO组分的影响,但在实际生产中,特别是冶炼烟气制酸及活性碳脱硫富集烟气制酸过程中,烟气中常存在CO,对正常生产存在一定影响。主要体现在3个方面：（1）CO的燃烧热是SO2的燃烧热的2.87倍,CO的反应活性大于SO2,优先与氧气进行反应。燃烧产生大量热量,使转化器一层温度升高,使催化剂超温,甚至中毒失效等。由于SO2与氧气也是放热反应,CO燃烧产生的高温会抑制SO2与氧气在转化器一层进行反应,使得SO2反应后移。     

碟环式换热器设计及转化调节副线的改造

针对铜陵有色一冶铜冶炼烟气制酸,烟气气量、浓度波动大,转化器各催化剂层温度难以控制、转化率低、换热面积不足等问题,结合生产实际,在改造转化器各催化剂层烟气进出口温度调节副线的同时,增加了自行设计制造的烟气波动适应性强的换热器,满足了冶炼烟气制酸的特殊需要。运行实践表明,设计与改造达到了预期效果,具有良好的经济效益和环境效益。     

大蓄热量转化器的设计及应用

介绍了大蓄热量转化器的设计及应用。转化器内衬和球拱均采用耐火砖砌筑，以提高转化器的蓄热能力。生产实践表明，大蓄热量转化器对二氧化硫含量低及二氧化硫含量波动大的烟气有很好的适应性，保证了 二氧化硫含量烟气两转两吸实现自热平衡。     

某炼灰厂一氧化碳中毒事故分析

2008年8月3日3时许，某炼灰厂石灰窑加工时，由于煤的不完全燃烧产生一氧化碳，在通风不良的磅房发生一氧化碳中毒事故，造成在磅房休息的2人一氧化碳中毒死亡，1人昏迷。     

焦炭反应性及反应后热性质及其检测方法

焦炭是煤炭之中的一种固体燃料,由煤在约1000℃的高温条件下经干馏后的一种物质。焦炭的反应性和反应后热性质是主要工业用途,这些性质有着明显的特征。在燃烧后发生燃烧反应,发光发热,产生一定的一氧化碳和二氧化碳。本文通过一定的检测方法检验焦炭的反应性和反应发生后的热性质。     

阻燃抑烟剂对软聚氯乙烯材料燃烧性能的影响

针对氢氧化镁、硼酸锌、三氧化二锑等常用的阻燃抑烟剂对在软聚氯乙烯燃烧时的热释放速率和一氧化碳释放量进行了研究 ,发现氢氧化镁和硼酸锌虽然可以降低材料的热释放性能和发烟量 ,但是会大大增加烟气中一氧化碳的释放量 ;而三氧化二锑会增加材料的发烟量 ,但却能大大降低烟气中的一氧化碳的释放量     

个旧有色冶化公司一期低浓度铜烟气制酸工程简介

介绍90 kt/a铜冶炼烟气制酸装置的设计和运行情况。采用三段式净化工艺与污水处理系统相结合, 有效地解决了用高砷、氟铜精砂生产硫酸的问题。采用多孔板支撑缩放管气体换热器与高蓄热能力的转化器相结合,在转化器进口平均φ(SO2)约4％,而生产负荷仅为设计能力(270t/d)的74％的条件下,转化系统仍能维持自热平衡。     

铜冶炼烟气制酸转化工序改造与生产实践

烟台鹏晖铜业有限公司（以下简称鹏晖铜业）原60 kt/a铜冶炼烟气制酸装置于1995年10月建成投产,用于处理1台10.5m^2富氧密闭鼓风炉和2台10m^2连续吹炼炉烟气。转化工序设计采用＂2＋2＂ⅣⅢⅠ-Ⅱ转化换热流程。投产后由于进转化器烟气流量小、SO2浓度低，     

On the determination of kinetic parameters for the regeneration of cracking catalyst

In the study of the regeneration of cracking catalyst, two approaches may be taken when determining the kinetic rate constant for the coke combustion reaction. A global coke burning rate equation may be considered, based on the observed oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide molar product ratio. This reaction may also be represented by an intrinsic coke burning equation which is a function of the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide molar ratio at the reaction site, combined with a carbon monoxide postcombustion equation. It is proposed in this paper that the rate constant for intrinsic coke burning, k^c, is essentially equal to the global coke burning rate constant, k_c, and that its value is independent of the rate equation chosen for the carbon monoxide post-combustion reaction.     

Regeneration of cracking catalyst influence of the homogeneous CO postcombustion reaction

Accompanying the fast burning of coke on a cracking catalyst is the oxidation of the coke burning product, carbon monoxide. This carbon monoxide combustion involves a homogeneous and a catalytic reaction. The homogeneous reaction was isolated by injecting pulses of CO, CO₂ and O₂ into a laboratory scale reactor at controlled temperature and pressure. The coke burning and catalytic CO combustion reactions were studied by oxidizing coke deposited on a zeolitic catalyst in the same microcatalytic reactor. The role of homogeneous CO oxidation during coke combustion under these conditions was determined.     

Information content of methods of determining coke reactivity

The reactivity of coke plays an important role in blast-furnace smelting. The reaction of carbon in coke with oxygen generates the heat required for various chemical reactions in the blast furnace. The reaction of carbon in coke with carbon dioxide and water vapor forms carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which reduce the iron and alloying elements from their oxides. As a result of these reactions, the strength of the coke pieces in the blast furnace is reduced, and they break down more as they move in the furnace batch, with consequent decrease in gas permeability of the batch column.     

焦化厂焦炉烟囱SO_2排放浓度达标途径

介绍了焦化厂焦炉烟囱SO2排放浓度现状及现行标准;分析了焦炉烟囱废气中SO2的来源构成:加热用焦炉煤气中H2S和有机硫燃烧、窜漏至燃烧系统的荒煤气中所含的硫化物燃烧;并在此基础上提出了焦炉烟囱SO2排放浓度限值达标的具体措施。     

干熄焦烧损率的统计方法及烧损因素探讨

干熄焦烧损率的计算目前都采用碳平衡法,碳平衡法能确定干熄焦稳定运行时的烧损率,但进行生产统计时碳平衡法是不可取的。文中介绍了用干熄焦产汽率计算、统计干熄焦焦炭烧损的方法,该方法不需要进行碳排放量的测定,可随时进行统计计算,方便简单,精度能够满足生产统计需要,同时对干熄焦系统运行过程焦炭烧损的原因进行了分析和探讨。     

Kinetics of heterogeneous reactions of carbon and oxygen during combustion of porous carbon particles in oxygen

A model of combustion of a high-porosity carbon particle in oxygen is considered, which takes into account heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions inside the particles and radiative heat transfer. The boundaries of the domain where the burning rate depends on the particle temperature are determined. The possibility of two combustion regimes is demonstrated: regime with a high burning rate, where the carbon-oxygen reaction proceeds in a layer adjacent to the particle surface, and regime with a low burning rate, where the reaction proceeds in the entire particle volume. In the regime with a high burning rate, the main product of the reaction between carbon and oxygen is carbon monoxide, whereas both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide can be formed in the regime with a low burning rate. The kinetic equations of heterogeneous reactions C + O₂ = CO₂ and 2C + O₂ = 2CO are determined, which reveal the retarding effect of carbon monoxide and dioxide on the rates of these reactions. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 11–22, May–June, 2006.     

Desulphurization of a fluid coke similar to the Athabasca oil sands coke

Almost complete desulphurization of a high-sulphur fluid coke was achieved by impregnating the coke with suitable alkaline reagents followed by high-temperature calcination in an inert atmosphere and subsequent leaching of the coke to remove soluble metal sulphides formed during calcination. Sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate were found to be the most effective bases. Sodium sulphide was detected in the calcined, non-leached coke by X-ray diffraction. Methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia and water, in addition to hydrogen sulphide, were detected in the gaseous product stream by gas chromatography. Flow rate of the inert gas and the particle size of the coke employed in this investigation had no effect on the extent of desulphurization. A maximum desulphurization was observed at a calcination temperature of 850 °C.     

二氧化碳综合利用途径探讨

比较了将CO2转化为CO的两种主要工艺——焦炭转化和天然气转化的优缺点。     

含CO副产气资源化利用进展

将含CO副产气利用起来不仅可以减少环境的污染，还能增创企业效益。主要综述了含CO的高炉煤气、焦炉煤气、转炉煤气、醋酸尾气等副产气的利用进展，比较了各种方法优缺点，并对改进方向做了介绍。     

关于焦炉煤气合成天然气及中泥煤制合成气技术改造情况分析

焦炉煤气是在炼焦过程中产生的副产品,主要成分是氢气和甲烷,还有少量烯烃、一氧化碳和二氧化碳等。通过比较两种焦炉煤气制天然气项目,催化剂对反应的影响。利用中泥煤制焦炉煤气,提供合成天然气原料,有待进一步提高技术。