煤粉炉联产Q相水泥熟料试验研究

以低硫兖州煤和高硫长广煤为试验煤种,在两段多相反应实验台上开展联产Q相水泥熟料试验,并对试验获得的熟料样品进行XRD、SEM和EDS图谱分析.联产试验结果表明,2种试验煤种均可联产Q相水泥熟料,煤粉炉联产Q相水泥熟料方案适应硫分质量分数不同的煤种;与联产贝利特水泥熟料不同,兖州煤联产Q相水泥熟料矿物主要由2CaO·SiO₂、Q相、2CaO·Al₂O₃、12CaO·7Al₂O₃和4CaO·Al₂O₃·Fe₂O₃组成,熟料矿物组成结构合理,熟料中早强、高强Q相矿物的质量分数为32.1%,弥补了贝利特水泥熟料中早强、高强矿物的缺失;与联产硫铝酸盐水泥熟料相比,长广煤联产Q相水泥熟料矿物主要由2CaO·SiO₂、Q相、3CaO·3Al₂O₃·CaSO₄和4CaO·Al₂O₃·Fe₂O₃组成,熟料中非活性矿物2CaO·Al₂O₃·SiO₂消失,代之以水化性能良好的Q相矿物,熟料矿物组成结构得到调整和优化     

Na_2Cr_2O_7和NaClO_4对水泥窑用煤燃烧特性的影响

以煤的着火点、燃尽点、燃烧烈度、平均放热强度和发热量为评价指标,利用TG-DSC分析添加剂Na2Cr2O7和NaClO4对水泥窑用煤燃烧特性的影响。结果表明,两类燃煤添加剂均能改变水泥窑用煤的燃烧特性。两类添加剂的加入降低了水泥窑用煤燃烧的着火点和燃尽点,使其能够在较低的温度下进行燃烧,提高煤的燃烧性和燃尽性,同时降低了煤的燃烧烈度,使煤的燃烧更加平稳,有利于煤在水泥窑内的燃烧;Na2Cr2O7和NaClO4均能使煤的发热量增加,且加快煤粉热量的释放,促进了煤的完全燃烧。     

煤自燃特性的热重-红外光谱实验研究

煤体的结构不同决定其具有不同的氧化活性,不同结构的煤需要不同的温度条件才能够发生明显的氧化反应并释放相应的热量.通过对3种具有不同自燃倾向性的煤进行动力学研究,并结合3种煤样进行红外光谱实验,根据煤的主要特征光谱峰以及特征官能团吸收光谱强度变化,确定煤分子中的化学键和官能团对煤氧化能力的影响.认为活化能是评判煤的氧化自燃性的一个指标;羟基是影响煤氧化特性的一个重要官能团,芳氢/脂氢的比例也反应出煤自燃性的大小.研究结果为防治煤的自燃提供了理论依据.     

Control of combustion area using electrical resistivity method for underground coal gasification

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is one of the clean technologies to collect heat energy and gases (hydrogen, methane, etc.) in an underground coal seam. It is necessary to further developing environmentally friendly UCG system construction. One of the most important UCG’s problems is underground control of combustion area for efficient gas production, estimation of subsidence and gas leakage to the surface. For this objective, laboratory experiments were conducted according to the UCG model to identify the process of combustion cavity development by monitoring the electrical resistivity activity on the coal samples to setup fundamental data for the technology engineering to evaluate combustion area. While burning coal specimens, that had been sampled from various coal deposits, electrical resistivity was monitored. Symmetric four electrodes system (ABMN) of direct and low-frequency current electric resistance method was used for laboratory resistivity measurement of rock samples. Made research and the results suggest that front-end of electro conductivity activity during heating and combusting of coal specimen depended on heating temperature. Combusting coal electro conductivity has complicated multistage type of change. Electrical resistivity method is expected to be a useful geophysical tool to for evaluation of combustion volume and its migration in the coal seam.     

烟煤与无烟煤混燃特性的热分析试验研究

利用德国NETZSCH SCHEME STA 409型热综合分析仪对燃烧性能相差较大的烟煤和无烟煤及其按不同比例掺混得到的混煤燃烧性能进行了热分析试验,并根据不同配比下混煤实验曲线的变化情况对混煤着火特性和燃烧特性的影响进行了探讨。结果表明:混煤的着火性能取决于烟煤所占比例,比例4:1的混煤着火性能较好;其综合燃烧性能随着烟煤比例的增大而增强,其中以混煤4:1的燃烧性能为最好。     

再燃、喷钙对燃烧神华煤炉内沾污结渣特性的影响

为了研究再燃、喷钙时炉内沾污结渣特性，采用低熔点神华煤在2.11 MW四角试验炉中分别进行无再燃工况、有再燃工况和喷钙再燃工况试验.通过宏观现象描述、微观扫描电镜(SEM)分析、电子探针和x射线衍射仪(XRD)物相分析，对炉内主燃区、再燃区和燃尽区沾污结渣状况进行研究，重点分析再燃区的沾污结渣差异及原因.结果表明，从炉内沾污结渣总体而言，喷钙再燃工况明显恶化，而有再燃和无再燃工况变化并不明显.神华煤中铁、硅在沾污结渣过程中作用很突出，而喷钙再燃工况时钙、硅、铁对沾污结渣的贡献最显著.     

淮北矿区煤矸石与煤混合燃烧特性的研究

本文利用STA-409PC热重分析仪,研究了淮北矿区不同质量比的煤矸石与煤混配样品的燃烧性能与动力学特性。结果表明：随着混配样品中的煤比例的增加,其着火温度和燃尽温度都有所降低,综合燃烧特性指数都有所增大,着火和燃烧特性都得到改善。本文还利用Coats--Redfern积分法对上述样品燃烧过程进行了动力学分析,得出淮北矿区煤矸石与煤混煤的燃烧反应历程服从1．5级的化学反应,对优化超临界流化床（简称CFB）锅炉混配燃料的运行具有重要意义。     

煤燃烧结渣特性判定法及测量设备的研究

提出一种利用摄像机与计算机等设备代替昂贵的显微镜观察煤燃烧形态变化,作为判别煤的结渣特性的新方法,与热显微镜观测法进行比较,给出了用庐新方法观测10种煤是否结渣的测量结果。     

Slagging characteristics of molten coal ash on silicon-aluminum combustion liners of boiler

In order to study the slagging characteristics of boiler combustion liners during pulverized coal stream combustion, the slag samples on the surface of combustion liner were investigated by X-ray diffractometry, scan electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and the transformation characteristics of the compositions and crystal phases were studied. The results show that the size of slag granules decreases as the slagging temperature increases; the crystallinity of coal ash I reduces to about 48.6% when the temperature is increased up to 1 350 ℃, and that of the coal ash II reduces to about 65% when the temperature is increased up to 1 500 ℃; the encroachment of molten coal ash to the combustion liner is strengthened. At the same time, the diffusion and the segregation of the compositions in combustion liners have selectivity, which is in favor of enhancing the content of crystal phases, weakening the conglutination among molten slag compositions and combustion liner, and avoiding yielding big clinkers. But the diffusion of the compositions in combustion liners increases the porosity and decreases the mechanical intensity of combustion liner, and makes the slag encroachment to the liner become more serious.     

煤粉粒度对元宝山褐煤燃烧特性的影响

为了给实际工程应用中煤粉粒度的确定提供参考,采用热重分析的方法,研究煤粉粒度对元宝山褐煤燃烧特性的影响.对燃烧热重曲线特征参数分析表明,粒度减小,煤粉着火提前、燃尽时间缩短;粒度减小,可燃指数C和综合燃烧指数S增加,表明煤粉燃烧性能得到改善;用Coats-Redfern方法求解燃烧反应的动力学参数,燃烧反应动力学分析表明,元宝山褐煤的热天平燃烧反应为一级反应;在最大燃烧速度对应温度前后燃烧过程分成两个阶段;粒度减小,各段燃烧反应的表观活化能和质量平均表观活化能均降低.减小煤粉粒度对改善煤粉燃烧性能是有利的.     

区域工业发展水平模糊评价方法

针对区域工业发展水平的评价属于多人、多层次、多目标的综合评价问题,提出区域工业发展水平评价的模糊综合评判方法.在对4个目标级因素进行深入分析及专家调查的基础上,系统地创建诸因素的评价标准,较好地解决了主观因素对定量把握不足的问题.给出区域工业发展水平评价的多因素多级模糊综合评判方法.     

The mechanical properties and hydration characteristics of cement pastes containing added-calcium coal gangue

The mechanical properties of several kinds of coal gangue calcined with limestone were Researched so as to find the optimum way of calcinations with limestone. Microstructure and property of hydration process of cement pastes containing added-calcium coal gangue were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope （SEM） and method of mercury in trusion poremeasurement （MIP）, etc. The experiment can approve those results： when proper amounst of gypsum and fluorite were taken as mineralizers in the course of calcinations of added-calcium coal gangue, activity of coal gangue can be effectively improved. The results of mechanical property and structural characteristic such as hydration process, hydration product and microstructure etc. of cement pastes containing added-calcium coal gangue are consistent.     

煤炭企业动力配煤方案优化方法研究

利用最优化理论及相关的数学知识,对动力配煤方案优化方法进行了创新性研究,提出了适合于煤炭企业常规动力配煤的多目标规划的优化计算方法,研制了配煤软件,丰富了动力配煤理论,增加动力配煤过程中的适用性,为煤炭企业动力配煤提供了行之有效的科学手段和决策依据.     

不同褐煤在O_2/CO_2条件下燃烧特性的实验研究

利用热重分析仪,系统地研究了霍林河褐煤、印尼1#褐煤和印尼2#褐煤在空气和O2/CO2条件下的燃烧特性,比较了不同褐煤样品在燃烧过程中失重与温度和时间的关系.实验结果表明,褐煤在O2/CO2条件下的燃烧特性与空气条件下的燃烧特性存在明显的区别,富氧燃烧条件下CO2分压力的大小影响褐煤的反应活性.     

O2／CO2气氛下煤燃烧过程中孔隙结构演化特征

在固定床和热重分析仪上对云浮烟煤焦在不同温度下O2／CO2燃烧特性进行研究．研究结果表明热解终温和温度是影响煤焦燃烧特性的主要因素,反应速率随着温度的升高而增大,并且热解终温对焦结构的影响是不可忽略的．这主要是由于孔隙结构的变化主要受挥发分析出和焦受热变形的影响．云浮烟煤O2／CO2燃烧过程中起始阶段比表面积（SBET）有增加趋势,这种现象的产生主要是由于煤焦燃烧过程中微孔的扩容和新孔的产生,并且比表面积与微孔孔容积的变化规律非常相似,而这由于SHET主要是由微孔来提供,但当转换率大于80％时由于孔坍塌造成SBET有减小的趋势．     

An image segmentation method of pulverized coal for particle size analysis

An important index to evaluate the process efficiency of coal preparation is the mineral liberation degree of pulverized coal, which is greatly influenced by the particle size and shape distribution acquired by image segmentation. However, the agglomeration effect of fine powders and the edge effect of granular images caused by scanning electron microscopy greatly affect the precision of particle image segmentation. In this study, we propose a novel image segmentation method derived from mask re...     

Mineralogy of clean coal combustion by-products

Coal combustion technologies are changing in order to burn coal more cleanly. Many “clean combustion“ and postcombustion technologies are developed to remove SO2 and NOx gases, particulate matter during combustion, or from the flue gases leaving the furnace. This paper focuses on three types of fly ash (flue gas desulfurization (FGD) residuals, atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) residuals and sorbent duct injection (SDI) residuals) which produced by “the clean combustion“ and postcombustion technologies. The residuals formed by FGD are PCFA (pulverized coal fly ash) grains entrained with reacted and unreacted sorbent and have lower bulk densities than PCFA grains because it contains higher concentrations of calcium and sulfur, and lower concentrations of silicon, aluminum and iron than PCFAs. AFBC residuals consist of spent bed which is a heterogeneous mixture of coarse-grained bed material and irregularly shaped, unfused, spherical PCFAs. The main crystalline phases in AFBC residuals are anhydrite (reacted sorbent), quartz and lime (unreacted sobent), calcite, hematite, periclase, magnetite and feldspars.The residuals produced by SDI contained 65%-70% PCFA with the larger sizes material being irregularly shaped, fused or roughedged. The reaction products of sorbent (portlandite and lime) included calcium sulfate (anhydrite) and calcium sulfate. The chemical properties of these residuals are similar to those of high calcium PCFAs because of the high alkalinity and high pH of these residuals.     

基于模糊集的煤系高岭土资源评价方法与应用

煤系高岭土品质优劣受多个因素共同影响，但一直以来没有具体的评价方法予以解决。本文运用模糊数学评价理论，综合考虑影响高岭土品质的各个因素，建立了煤系高岭土品质评价综合模型，并运用面向对象的程序语言VB6．0开发了煤系高岭土品质评价系统，实现了评价工作的可视化，为科学评价、合理开发利用高岭土资源提供了有效手段。     

基于模糊集的煤系高岭土资源评价方法与应用

煤系高岭土品质优劣受多个因素共同影响,但一直以来没有具体的评价方法予以解决。本文运用模糊数学评价理论,综合考虑影响高岭土品质的各个因素,建立了煤系高岭土品质评价综合模型,并运用面向对象的程序语言VB6.0开发了煤系高岭土品质评价系统,实现了评价工作的可视化,为科学评价、合理开发利用高岭土资源提供了有效手段。     

煤炭企业动力配煤方案优化方法研究

利用最优化理论及相关的数学知识,对动力配煤方案优化方法进行了创新性研究,提出了适合于煤炭企业常规动力配煤的多目标规划的优化计算方法,研制了配煤软件,丰富了动力配煤理论,增加动力配煤过程中的适用性,为煤炭企业动力配煤提供了行之有效的科学手段和决策依据.