ECC材料的抗冻融性能试验研究

采用快冻法试验研究高韧性纤维增强水泥基复合材料(ECC)的抗冻融耐久性能,并与混凝土和砂浆抗冻融性能进行对比,分析国产与进口聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维对ECC抗冻融性能的影响规律,探讨砂灰比对ECC抗冻性的影响.结果表明:300次冻融循环后,掺入国产和进口PVA纤维的ECC质量损失率分别控制在2.5%和1.5%以内;ECC的纵向相对动弹性模量比混凝土和砂浆提高1.62～1.87倍;ECC的横向相对动弹性模量比混凝土和砂浆提高1.61～1.79倍.随着砂灰比的增加,ECC质量损失率逐渐增加;ECC纵向与横向相对动弹性模量稍有增加.ECC抗冻等级高于F300,完全可用于寒冷地区混凝土结构的加固与维护.     

冻融循环作用下混凝土的硫酸盐应力腐蚀特性

在质量分数为5.0%的MgSO4溶液条件下,采用快冻法和常温腐蚀方法研究了高强混凝土（High Strength Concrete,HSC）、大掺量矿物掺合料混凝土（High-Volume Mineral AdmixtureConcrete,HVMAC）和综合运用引气剂、高效减水剂、混杂纤维和膨胀剂技术的高耐久性混凝土（High Durable Concrete,HDC）的应力腐蚀行为。结果表明：无论是常温条件还是冻融循环条件,混凝土在应力腐蚀作用下的相对动弹性模量要经历强化和劣化2个发展阶段,强化和劣化阶段的时间长度与实验温度条件密切相关。冻融循环作用显著加速了混凝土的硫酸盐应力腐蚀破坏进程,HSC在冻融循环作用下应力腐蚀的强化段和劣化段的时间长度比常温条件的相应时间长度分别压缩了96%和88%以上,HVMAC的劣化段时间长度则压缩了98%,而HDC压缩了71%。在冻融循环作用下,HDC发生应力腐蚀破坏的冻融循环次数分别比HSC和HVMAC延长了1.5倍和13倍,因此,在中国寒冷地区,HDC表现出更强的抗硫酸盐应力腐蚀能力。     

超高韧性水泥基材料的制备技术

分别采用活性粉末混凝土（RPC）和渗浇钢纤维混凝土（SIFCON）两种制备工艺,根据水泥基材料结构的多尺度特征,研究了由碳酸钙晶须和微钢纤维复合增强的超高韧性水泥基材料（Ultra-High-Toughness Cementitious Composite,简称UHTCC）的制备技术,测试UHTCC不同配比的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及单轴拉伸性能,采用折压比、韧性指数等多个指标对UHTCC的韧性进行了评价。试验表明：UHTCC的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及延性和韧性都远高于普通钢纤维混凝土,其抗弯强度最高达65.1 MPa、韧性指数I₂₀最高达49.21,单轴拉伸试验时呈现明显的假应变硬化行为,极限拉应变可达4%~8%。相对而言,利用SIFCON工艺制得的水泥基材料韧性更高。     

Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on bond strength between steel bars and concrete

The effect of freezing and thawing cycles on mechanical properties of concrete （compressive, splitting tensile strength） was experimentally investigated. According to the pullout test data of three kinds of deformed steel bars, the bond stress-slip curves after freezing and thawing were obtained. The empirical equations of peak bond strength were proposed that the damage accounted for effects of freezing and thawing cycle. Meanwhile, the mechanism of bond deterioration between steel bars and concrete after freezing and thawing cycles was discussed. All these conclusions will be useful to the durability design and reliability calculation of RC structures in cold region.     

严寒地区C25水工混凝土的抗冻耐久性分析

针对严寒地区水工混凝土的抗冻性,研究了水工混凝土在冻融温度变化范围为(8±2)℃~(-17±2)℃和(8±2)℃~(-22±2)℃下的抗冻性能,通过测量试件的质量损失、动弹性模量和抗折强度(即混凝土抗冻性能的评判标准)来评定严寒地区水工混凝土的抗冻性能.实验结果表明,当水工混凝土水灰比为0.5、含气量为5%时,其抗冻标号为F300,满足设计要求;相同配合比的混凝土在严寒地区时,其抗冻标号为F200,达不到设计要求.严寒地区的最低冻结温度对于混凝土的抗冻性能,尤其是质量和动弹性模量的影响十分显著.     

Uniaxial compressive properties of ultra high toughness cementitious composite

Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to characterize the main compressive performance of ultra high toughness cementitious composite (UHTCC) in terms of strength and toughness and to obtain its stress-strain relationships. The compressive strength investigated ranges from 30 MPa to 60 MPa. Complete stress-strain curves were directly obtained, and the strength indexes, including uniaxial compressive strength, compressive strain at peak stress, elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio, were calculated. The comparisons between UHTCC and matrix were also carried out to understand the fiber effect on the compressive strength indexes. Three dimensionless toughness indexes were calculated, which either represent its relative improvement in energy absorption capacity because of fiber addition or provide an indication of its behavior relative to a rigid-plastic material. Moreover, two new toughness indexes, which were named as post-crack deformation energy and equivalent compressive strength, were proposed and calculated with the aim at linking up the compressive toughness of UHTCC with the existing design concept of concrete. The failure mode was also given. The study production provides material characteristics for the practical engineering application of UHTCC.     

超高泵送钢纤维混凝土的初裂强度和弯曲韧性

参照美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)试验方法,对满足超高距离泵送要求且抗裂性能优异的纤维混凝土的初裂强度和弯曲韧性进行了研究。借助弯曲荷载-挠度全曲线,分析了纤维掺量和类型对韧性指数和初裂荷载的影响。结果表明,钢纤维混凝土的抗弯初裂强度、极限强度和弯曲韧性均随纤维掺量的增大而提高。其中,纤维体积率为0.8%,泵送高度达306 m的钢纤维混凝土的初裂强度和极限强度比基准混凝土分别提高了15.6%和31.4%,韧性指数I5提高5.22倍,I10提高8.7倍,I20提高12.39倍。     

超高索塔锚固区泵送钢纤维混凝土的制备

为了提高索塔锚固区混凝土结构的抗裂性能和力学行为,经过优化混凝土基体组成和纤维外形与尺度,制备了索塔锚固区专用的钢纤维混凝土材料.该钢纤维混凝土不仅能够一级泵送到高达300m索塔上,而且该钢纤维混凝土能大幅度降低后期的干燥收缩,提高混凝土基体的抗拉强度和韧性.通过弯曲梁的抗裂性试验和索塔锚固区的足尺模型试验发现:由于钢纤维的加入,使混凝土梁的抗裂度提高了近40%;用该钢纤维混凝土浇筑的拉索锚固区,在受荷时其开裂裂缝的宽度、长度和贯穿裂缝的数目均比用对比混凝土浇筑的相应部位小得多.因此,优选出的钢纤维混凝土不仅能够满足索塔锚固区的要求,而且能够应用到其他受力复杂的区域.     

钢纤维混凝土准静态单轴受压力学性能

采用WAW-2000型微机控制电液伺服万能试验机对钢纤维体积率(Vf)为0%~3%、基体强度为C50的钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)进行了准静态三种应变率单轴压缩试验,测出了基体混凝土和SFRC应力-应变全曲线,试验结果表明:随Vf的增加,SFRC抗压强度仅有小幅度增长,韧性则增长幅度较大;随着应变率增大,SFRC强度提高,韧性呈现下降趋势,但Vf越大,韧性下降幅度越小;SFRC的弹性模量和泊松比均是不敏感的材料参数,随Vf的提高而分别微增与微减;还推荐了适合于SFRC应力-应变曲线的数学表达式。     

原状黄土冻融过程抗剪强度劣化机理试验分析

通过对西安Q₃原状黄土在封闭系统冻融作用下的电镜扫描和直剪试验,研究了冻融作用对原状黄土微观结构和强度的影响。试验表明：冻融过程中原状黄土微观结构发生显著变化,大颗粒集粒数量明显减少,小粒径土颗粒所占比重增加,孔隙面积比增加。进一步基于损伤力学理论,得到微观结构冻融损伤度随冻融次数增加呈指数增加趋势,反映出冻融作用一定程度上破坏黄土体的结构强度,但多次冻融后黄土体结构强度趋于稳定的残余强度。冻融过程土样表面结构发生破坏,且含水率越高,土体表面特征破坏越严重。粘聚力随冻融次数增加呈指数衰减趋势,且含水率越高,粘聚力衰减幅值和速率越小;粘聚力随含水率增加表现出线性衰减特征,且冻融后粘聚力与含水率的变化规律近似重合;内摩擦角无明显规律性变化。粘聚强度冻融损伤系数随冻融次数增加呈指数增加趋势,随含水率升高有增大趋势。基于试验数据规律性,进一步提出了原状黄土粘聚强度劣化模型,该模型经试验验证可较好描述原状黄土粘聚强度劣化规律。     

不同因素对再生骨料混凝土抗冻性的影响

研究了改性和未改性再生骨料、硅灰及引气剂等因素对C40再生骨料混凝土抗冻性能的影响。结果表明:经300次冻融循环后,与天然骨料混凝土相比,随着再生骨料取代率的增加,再生混凝土的抗冻性有所下降;改性骨料能在一定程度上改善混凝土的抗冻性,有机硅防水剂改性后的再生骨料效果较好;硅灰和引气剂掺加都能较明显地改善再生混凝土的抗冻性。     

冻融后钢纤维混凝土力学性能的试验研究

通过钢纤维混凝土冻融循环试验,分析了冻融循环次数、混凝土强度等级、钢纤维体积率等因素对钢纤维混凝土冻融后抗压强度、劈拉强度、抗折强度的影响,探讨了钢纤维对混凝土的增强机理.试验结果表明,钢纤维的加入对冻融循环后混凝土的抗压强度影响较小;当冻融循环次数较少时,钢纤维对劈拉强度和抗折强度的增加作用比较明显,而当冻融次数较大且钢纤维体积率较高(2%)时,钢纤维对混凝土的劈拉强度和抗折强度反而具有一定的负面影响;钢纤维混凝土强度等级的提高对改善钢纤维混凝土的抗冻性能较为有效.     

冻融条件下粉质黏土中吸附水和自由水动态变化规律

为了研究粉质黏土中吸附水和自由水在冻融时的动态变化特征,探索土体冻融过程中土水之间物理过程。采用新型分层核磁测量技术,开展了含水量（质量分数）分别为21.1%,16.8%和12.0%的粉质黏土在封闭条件下的冻融试验,并采用电子显微镜扫描了冻融后不同深度土体的微观结构。试验结果表明:随着土体冻结过程持续,不同深度土体中自由水和吸附水均减少,且冻结区和非冻结区的自由水相对减少量均大于吸附水相对减少量;土样融化时不同深度土体中自由水和吸附水均增加;此外冻融作用导致冻结区吸附水减少,自由水增加;而未冻结区的吸附水和自由水均减少;冻融后冻结区的孔隙数量和孔隙体积增加,而未冻结区孔隙数量和孔隙体积减小。冻结过程中土体吸附水和自由水动态变化差异与水分子作用势的不均匀空间分布有关;冻融前后土体吸附水和自由水的重分布是水分迁移和土体微观结构变化共同作用的结果。     

Charactersitics of Stress-strain Curve of High Strength Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Uniaxial Tension

A whole of 110 specimens divided into 22 groups were tested with varying the volume fraction of steel fibers and the matrix strength of these specimens. The stress-strain behaviors of four types of steel fiber reinforced concrete （SFRC） under uniaxial tension were studied experimentally. When the matrix strength and the fiber content increase, the tensile stress and tensile strain vary differently according to the fiber type. The mechanisms of reinforcing effect for different types of fiber were analyzed and the stress-strain curves of the specimens were plotted. Some experimental factors for stress or strain of SFRC were given. A tensile toughness modulus Re0.5 was introduced to evaluate the toughness characters of SFRC under uniaxial tension. Moreover, the formula of the tensile stress-strain curve of SFRC was regressed. The theoretical curve and the experimental ones fit well, which can be used for references in construction.     

The Frost-resisting Durability of High Strength Self-Compacting Pervious Concrete in Deicing Salt Environment

A high strength self-compacting pervious concrete(SCPC) with top-bottom interconnected pores was prepared in this paper. The frost-resisting durability of such SCPC in different deicing salt concentrations(0%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) was investigated. The mass-loss rate, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, flexural strength and hydraulic conductivity of SCPC after 300 freeze-thaw cycles were measured to evaluate the frost-resisting durability. In addition, the microstructures of SCPC near the top-bottom interconnected pores after 300 freeze-thaw cycles were observed by SEM. The results show that the high strength SCPC possesses much better frost-resisting durability than traditional pervious concrete(TPC) after 300 freeze-thaw cycles, which can be used in heavy loading roads. The most serious freeze-thaw damage emerges in the SCPC immersed in the 3% of Na Cl solution, while there is no obvious damage in 20% of Na Cl solution. Furthermore, it can be deduced that the high strength SCPC can be used for 100 years in a cold environment.     

石灰岩矿粉性质对沥青胶浆性能的影响因素及其技术标准

为了确定石灰岩矿粉性质中影响沥青胶浆抗冻性能的主要因素,并制定石灰岩矿粉分级和选用原则,对不同类型矿粉的沥青胶浆进行了冻融循环试验,分别检测其冻融前后的化学成分、微观形貌、微观力学性质和流变性能的变化,并对试验结果进行随机森林分析。结果表明：矿粉的掺入能够改善沥青胶浆的冻融老化性能,冻融循环后,胶浆粗糙度下降幅度、表面模量提升幅度与矿粉CaCO₃含量(质量分数)呈抛物线下降趋势,沥青胶浆黏附力与矿粉CaCO₃含量呈直线下降关系,为保持沥青胶浆冻融后性能的稳定,矿粉的CaCO₃含量不应低于85%;季冻区的沥青路面比非季冻区更容易发生水损害,与非季冻区相比,季冻区矿粉中CaCO₃含量应提高10%。随机森林方法分析表明,矿粉的物理化学性质对胶浆性能影响的程度排序为比表面积>CaCO₃含量>细度指标>塑性指数,比表面积影响沥青与矿粉的反应速度,而CaCO₃含量影响其反应的充分性。所提出的石灰岩矿粉母岩技术要求与矿粉的综合分级技术标准,可指导路用矿...     

FRHPC在冻融与腐蚀共同作用下的强度变化

目的研究纤维增强高性能混凝土（FRHPC）在恶劣环境下的强度规律，解决FRHPC承受冻融破坏和化学腐蚀问题．方法测定了高性能混凝土（HPC）、钢纤维增强高性能混凝土（SFRHPC）和高强高模聚乙烯纤维增强高性能混凝土（PFRHPC）在冻融与卤水化学腐蚀共同作用下的强度变化．结果结果表明：HPC在青海和新疆盐湖卤水腐蚀条件下的冻融后强度很高，在内蒙古和西藏盐湖卤水腐蚀下则略低．SFRHPC明显改善了HPC在内蒙古和西藏盐湖卤水腐蚀条件下的抗冻性。PFRHPC在新疆盐湖卤水腐蚀条件下的抗冻性明显优于SFRHPC．延长混凝土的养护龄期，能够明显提高HPC和SFRHPC在盐湖卤水腐蚀条件下的冻融抗折强度．此外，随着在盐湖卤水腐蚀条件下冻融循环次数的增加，HPC和SFRHPC的强度基本上是降低的，而PFRHPC的强度则表现出一定程度的增长．结论综合分析指出，FRHPC适合于同时承受冻融破坏和化学腐蚀的严酷环境．     

Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation on flexural performance of steel reinforced ultrahigh toughness cementitious composite (RUHTCC) beams

UHTCC (ultrahigh toughness cementitious composite), which is a kind of ultrahigh toughness cemen- titious composites material, exhibits pseudo strain hardening feature when subjected to tension load, and has enormous ductility and prominent crack dispersal ability. Accordingly, UHTCC can improve mechanical behavior of ordinary concrete structure especially its durability, and has been regarded as historical breakthrough to traditional cementitious materials. In this paper, the study focuses on flexure behav...     

Theoretical analysis on bending behavior of functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites

Ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) obviously show strain hardening property under tensile or bending loading. The failure pattern of the UHTCC components exhibits multiple fine cracks under uniaxial tensile loading with prominent tensile strain capacity in excess of 3%, with merely 60 μm average crack width even corresponding to the ultimate tensile strain state. The approach adopted is based on the concept of functionally-graded concrete, where part of the concrete, which surrounds the main longitudinal reinforcement in a RC (reinforced concrete) member, is strategically replaced with UHTCC with excellent crack-controlling ability. Investigations on bending behavior of functionally-graded composite beam crack controlled by UHTCC has been carried out, including theo- retical analysis, experimental research on long composite beams without web reinforcement, validation and comparison between experimental and theoretical results, and analysis on crack control. In addition to improving bearing capacity, the results indicate that functionally-graded composite beams using UHTCC has been found to be very effective in preventing corrosion-induced damage compared with RC beams. Therefore, durability and service life of the structure could be enhanced. This paper discusses the development of internal force and crack propagation during loading process, and presents analysis of the internal force in different stages, moment-curvature relationship from loading to damage and calculation of mid-span deflection and ductility index. In the end, the theoretical formulae have been validated by experimental results.     

钢纤维对C60高性能混凝土弯曲韧性的影响

简要综述了国内外关于钢纤维混凝土弯曲韧性指数的计算方法,并选取我国现行的规程JGJ/T 221—2010试验方法,通过钢纤维高性能混凝土的弯曲韧性试验,研究了钢纤维体积分数和钢纤维类型对钢纤维高性能混凝土弯曲韧性的影响.结果表明:钢纤维高性能混凝土峰值荷载与弯曲韧性均随着体积分数的增大而提高;微细型钢纤维提高混凝土弯曲强度指标幅度最大,端钩型钢纤维提高混凝土弯曲韧性指标幅度最大.