考虑铁磁磁滞的变压器励磁涌流仿真分析

提出了一种考虑铁芯铁磁磁滞的变压器电磁暂态模型,并对变压器空载合闸时的励磁涌流现象进行了仿真研究。基于目前工程中应用较为广泛的Jiles-Atherton铁磁磁滞原理建立铁芯磁滞磁化曲线模块,通过设置适合的参数计算得到了与实际测量值较为吻合的 B-H曲线;通过分析单相三绕组变压器铁芯绕组结构及其电路模型,得到其电磁暂态计算模型;通过分析三相五柱式变压器磁路结构并利用对偶性原理,得到了其暂态计算分析模型。利用所建立的暂态计算模型对单相三绕组变压器的励磁涌流现象进行了仿真研究,仿真计算结果与实际试验测量结果的对比证明所提出的暂态计算模型的正确性和有效性;同时也对三相变压器组和三相五柱式变压器空载合闸时的励磁涌流进行了仿真计算,仿真结果证明所提出的暂态计算模型能够准确地分析变压器空载合闸时的励磁涌流现象。     

水轮发电机定子铁芯拉紧螺杆端头崩口分析

从定子铁芯现场叠装中经常出现在拉伸螺杆时发生螺杆端头崩口现象入手,分析了改进定子铁芯叠压系数的计算方法和螺杆端头拉伸时崩口的可能因素,提出了具体的措施,并对定子铁芯叠压系数的传统计算方法进行了分析。     

干式变压器铁芯接地故障分析

本文通过对20kV及以下系统干式变压器铁芯接地故障进行分析,从定期检查、检修维护、设备管理方面提出了相应的防范措施,可为水电站机组安全运行提供借鉴。     

油浸式变压器铁芯多点接地故障诊断与处理

万家寨水电站2号主变压器运行至2015年,在进行第一季度、第二季度油中溶解气体色谱分析时,发现变压器内部存在高温过热故障,对铁芯进行绝缘电阻测量,阻值为0Ω。本文通过对万家寨水电站220kV大型油浸式变压器铁芯多点接地故障的处理,阐述了如何运用变压器油中溶解气体色谱分析、电气性能试验等方法,进行故障诊断和识别,并介绍设备故障的处理方法,供参考。     

大型水轮发电机定子铁损试验技术研究

定子铁芯损耗试验是检验新装铁芯的绝缘和实际损耗情况,以及装配质量的重要方法。以鲁地拉电站定子铁损试验为例,介绍了铁损试验的原理、理论数值计算方法,详细阐述了定子铁损试验的现场实施步骤、试验电源选择方案分析、试验接线以及温升和温差测量方法;对试验计算方法及结果进行了分析,并论证了试验结果的准确性。     

凌津滩水电厂1号水轮发电机定子铁芯损耗试验

介绍了凌津滩水轮发电机定子铁芯损耗试验参数计算方法,试验步骤,试验注意事项,试验数据分析及试验结果判断等。在试验过程中如果出现试验数据与计算相差较大,可通过改变励磁线圈匝数来达到试验要求磁通,从而满足试验条件。通过试验数据分析,来判断水轮发电机定子铁芯的安装工艺质量水平,是否满足机组安全运行要求。检查机组长期运行后,铁芯是否松动,是否有内部短路、局部过热等缺陷。为了分析比较,在对应拧紧铁芯紧固件后,进行了3次铁芯损耗试验。     

戈兰滩水电站1#发电机定子铁芯磁化试验研究

中大型水轮发电机组定子铁芯现场叠装后,需检验其安装质量及铁芯片间故障等。对发电机定子磁化试验原理、参数计算及戈兰滩水电站1#发电机定子磁化试验结果进行综合分析,判断其运转是否良好。试验结果表明,戈兰滩水电站1#发电机定子铁芯单位铁损、铁芯温度均符合要求。     

提高500kV油浸式变压器铁芯及夹件接地电流测量精度的方法

在水电站诸多设备中,主变压器是除发电机组外的重要电气设备,变压器铁芯及夹件发生故障,直接影响到变压器甚至整个水电站安全稳定运行.笔者通过对500 kV油浸式变压器铁芯及夹件接地电流测量原理、方法及如何提高测量精度进行了分析,对比各种测量方式的优缺点,从而改进相对于手持钳形表测量的方法,以提高接地电流测量精度,为后续变压...     

水轮发电机定子铁芯损耗试验及分析

介绍了漫湾电厂发电机定子铁芯松动，变形处理中的铁芯损耗试验方法，对试验结果进行了分析，说明漫湾电厂发电机定子铁芯变形处理的及时性和有效性。     

550 kV主变压器瓦斯继电器故障分析与参数优化

瓦斯保护是变压器的主保护之一,对变压器匝间和层间短路、铁芯故障、套管内部故障、绕组内部断线及绝缘劣化和油面下降等故障均能灵敏动作。以某电站550kV主变区外故障导致瓦斯动作事件为例,通过对事故原因的分析,提出在区外故障时应考虑瓦斯保护误动的可能性,并通过仿真计算,优化了瓦斯保护整定值参数。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。