太空诱变玉米核不育基因的SSR作图

为研究太空诱变玉米核不育材料的不育基因所在位点,以雄性不育材料03SRP9×S37(自交系)的F2代群体作为育性调查和SSR作图群体,用玉米第3染色体3.06位点的37对SSR引物进行差异筛选,结果表明分子标记umc1674,umc2076,umc1644,dupssr17,bnlg197,umc2271,umc1951和bnlg1047与不育基因表现为连锁遗传,进一步将不育基因定位在分子标记umc2076和umc1674之间,遗传距离分别为4.4 cM和3.7 cM,并以此为基础构建了核不育基因区间的遗传连锁图,为下一步克隆该基因奠定了基础.     

AFLP分子标记构建中国对虾遗传连锁图谱的初步研究

利用AFLP分子标记结合“拟测交”策略,以中国对虾的单对杂交亲本及其F1代为作图群体,应用MAPMAKER EXP／3．0软件,分别构建了中国对虾雌、雄的遗传连锁图谱。在中国对虾的雄性连锁图谱中,74个标记组成了5个连锁群(遗传标记数量大于3)、7个三联体、13个连锁对,总图距为951．5eM,最大连锁群的长度为206．2eM,最短的为7．4eM,标记间的平均距离为12．8eM;雌性连锁图谱中,由66个标记组成的5个连锁群,4个三联体,13个连锁对,总图距为712．7eM,连锁群的长度介于7．7eM～128．2eM之间,标记间的平均距离为10．7eM。估算的中国对虾基因组总长度为2000eM,所构建的连锁图谱分别覆盖了基因组长度的47．5％和35．6％。中国对虾遗传连锁图谱的构建为分子标记辅助育种、比较基因组作图以及基因定位与克隆创造了条件,并对今后其他海洋生物遗传图谱的构建具有理论价值和实践意义。     

天鹅洲保护区长江江豚AFLP遗传多样性分析

应用AFLP技术对天鹅洲白豚国家级自然保护区的长江江豚 (Neophocaenaphocaenoidesasiaeorientalis)群体进行了遗传多样性分析。每个AFLP引物组合在群体中检测到 0到 6个不等的多态性片段 ,平均为 2 .4 8个。 2 1个引物组合共揭示了 1139个座位 ,其中 5 2个座位具有多态性。多态性座位所占比例为 4 .6 %。分析显示群体的遗传期望杂合度 (He)为 0 .4 430± (SE0 .0 12 2 2 )。研究结果表明保护区长江江豚群体具有适度的核DNA遗传多样性水平。为了该群体的长期生存与发展 ,更多的具有不同遗传变异的个体应该被迁入保护区 ,以形成更大的群体 ,获得更好的群体遗传结构     

电镀

20 0 2 0 70 1　ＺｎＣｌ2 ＮａＣｌ(摩尔分数 4 0 %～ 6 0 % )熔盐电沉积Ｗ———ＭａｓｕｄａＭ .ＪＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅｍＳｏｃ,2 0 0 1,14 8(1) :5 9(英文 )用伏安法研究了含不同Ｗ化合物的ＺｎＣｌ2 ＮａＣｌ(摩尔分数4 0 %～ 6 0 % )熔盐在 4 5 0℃下Ｗ的电沉积 ,在恒定电位下 ,使用含ＷＯ3、Ｋ2 ＷＯ4 、ＷＣｌ4 、Ｋ2 ＷＣｌ6 的镀槽可以获得金属Ｗ ,但含Ｋ3Ｗ2 Ｃｌ9和ＷＣｌ2 的镀槽不能获得金属Ｗ层。2 0 0 2 0 70 2　Ｓｎ Ｚｎ合金电镀———ＲａｓｍｕｓｓｅｎＪ .Ｐｌａｔｉｎｇ＆ＳｕｒｆａｃｅＦｉｎ ,2 0 0 1,88(2 ) :…     

多孔金属Ti-SiO2复合膜的制备及在超滤分离蛋白质中的应用

用溶胶 -凝胶技术控制硅凝胶颗粒的粒度 ,向烧结金属钛的微孔内嵌入不同粒度的凝胶颗粒 ,经 6次涂敷、陈化和烧结后 ,制成微孔金属钛 -SiO2 复合膜 ;将该膜用于超滤分离聚乙二醇 (PEG)和玉米蛋白水溶液 ,在过滤压差Δp =0 .3MPa时 ,对分子量 2 0 0 0 0的聚乙二醇 ,其稳定通量JP=8.4mL/ (cm2 ·h) ,截留率RP=92 .8%～ 93.4 % ;对玉米蛋白 ,其稳定通量JA=6 .7mL/ (cm2 ·h) ,截留率RA=95 .2 %～ 95 .6 % .     

纳米发光材料Re（Nd，Yb）：GdAlO3的合成、结构及发光性能

采用共沉淀方法,以Gd2O3、Al(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd2O3(Yb2O3)为原料、氨水为沉淀剂,合成了Nd:GdAlO3(5%(原子分数))和Yb:GdAlO3(5%(原子分数))纳米多晶粉末,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和Rietveld精修方法对晶体结构进行了研究,采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对晶体的形貌进行了研究,同时对晶体的发射光谱进行了测量.XRD结果表明,在较低的煅烧温度和较短的煅烧时间下(1000℃,保温3h)可获得纯Nd:GdAlO3和Yb:GdAlO3晶相,同时晶粒尺寸随着煅烧温度的升高而增大.Rietveld精修结果表明半径较大的Nd3 离子的掺杂,使GdAlO3晶体结构有从正交相向四方相转变的趋势.FESEM结果表明,颗粒大小均在纳米尺寸范围之内,且具有较好的分散性.在Nd:GdAlO3晶体的发射光谱中,在927、1077和1335nm附近出现的3个发射峰分别对应于Nd3 的4F3/2→4I9/2、4F3/2→4I11/2和4F3/2→4I13/2跃迁;在Yb:GdAlO3晶体中,主要发射峰波长位于979、997和1028nm处,其中1028nm处为最强发射峰,对应于Yb3 的2F5/2→2F7/2跃迁.     

深冷文献消息(国外部分)

20 0 32 0 0 1　气体阀门美国专利　№ 6 16 8136　 (英 )2 0 0 32 0 0 2　气囊装置用气体发生装置和气囊充气方法美国专利　№ 6 16 82 0 1　 (英 )2 0 0 32 0 0 3　从氧和氮中分离氙的膜和使用该膜的方法美国专利　№ 6 16 86 4 9　 (英 )2 0 0 32 0 0 4　高温气体净化装置美国专利　№ 6 16 86 5 0　 (英 )2 0 0 32 0 0 5　电化气体纯化器美国专利　№ 6 16 870 5　 (英 )2 0 0 32 0 0 6　高氮不锈钢美国专利　№ 6 16 875 5　 (英 )2 0 0 32 0 0 7　高压放电灯用氧分配器美国专利　№ 6 16 936 1　 (英 )2 0 0 32 0 0 8　空气的分离美国…     

La9(SiO4)6-x(VO4)xO1.5+0.5x的合成及其导电性能的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法低温合成了钒掺杂硅酸盐氧基磷灰石La9(SiO4)6-x(VO4)xO1.5+0.5x(x=0、0.5和1),经XRD表征所得产品为磷灰石相.以电化学阻抗谱研究了其导电性能,V的掺杂使电导率大大提高,700℃时La9(SiO4)5(VO4)O2电导率为5.23×10-3S·cm-1,与未掺杂V的La9(SiO4)6O1.5相比提高了5倍.氧分压Po2=105～1Pa时,La9(SiO4)6O1.5的电导率不改变,而La9(SiO4)5(VO4)O2的电导率则随着氧分压的降低而稍有增加,表明钒的掺杂在体系中引入n型电子导电.     

应用微卫星标记分析柱花草的遗传多样性

采用18个微卫星(SSR)DNA标记对42个柱花草品系进行了遗传多样性分析，共扩增出84条带，其中多态性带71条，平均多态性水平为84．5％。运用POPGEN32软件计算了各品系的等位基因频率、多态性信息含量、遗传杂合度、等位基因数及有效等位基因数，结果表明，抗病柱花草品系的遗传变异高于感病柱花草品系的遗传变异程度。用NTSYS-pc软件计算品系间的遗传相似系数，其变化范围为0．26～0．94。按非加权成对平均数法(UPGMA)进行聚类分析，获得了聚类树系图，以所有品系的平均遗传相似系数0．60为阈值，42个品系分为6类。这些结果表明，SSR技术是分析柱花草遗传多样性的有效方法。     

几种江蓠属海藻的ISSR标记分析

用ISSR标记对几种江蓠属海藻进行了遗传多样性的研究。所用的7种实验材料包括4株龙须菜(其中3株分别来自中国青岛、委内瑞拉和南非，及1株青岛产龙须菜的高温选育种)和细基江蓠繁枝变型、真江蓠、芋根江蓠。用9条ISSR引物进行筛选，有6条可扩增出清晰可辨条带。这6条引物在7种材料中共扩增出151条带，其中117条(77．48％)表现出多态性。根据Nei等的遗传相似性系数(S)对7种材料进行分析，结果显示青岛产龙须菜与其选育种的相似性最高(S为0．939)。在3株不同产地龙须菜中，青岛龙须菜与南非龙须菜的遗传距离最近(S为0．643)，委内瑞拉龙须菜与前两者的S分别为0．167和0．192，因此初步推断委内瑞拉龙须菜不属于龙须菜种。包括龙须菜(产自青岛或南非)在内的4种江蓠间的相似性系数在0～0．143之间。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...