有序双钙钛矿Ba2NiMoO6结构和磁性研究

用固相烧结工艺制备Ba2NiMoO6陶瓷样品,采用多晶X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜技术对样品的物相成分、晶体结构和晶体表面形貌进行表征与分析.X射线的实验结果表明:Ba2NiMoO6晶体原胞(a=b=c8.045 nm)属于立方晶系,空间群为Pm3m(No.221),布拉格衍射峰(111)和(311)为样品中Ni离子和Mo离子有序占据B位超晶格有序峰.振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量室温样品磁化强度与磁场强度关系,表明样品在室温下呈现顺磁行为.由电子顺磁共振(ESR)测量样品的室温吸收曲线,可以计算出朗德因子(g=1.3).     

R(Fe0.8Mn0.2)12(R=Y,Nd)化合物及其氮化物的晶体结构和磁性

利用X射线衍射技术和磁测量方法研究了Y(Fe_0.8Mn_0.2)₁₂(R=Y和Nd)及其氮化物的结构和磁性.实验发现Y(Fe_0.8Mn_0.2)₁₂和Nd(Fe_0.8Mn_0.2)₁₂在室温下均为铁磁性,其易磁化方向分别沿C轴与锥面.氮化后,晶格常数、居里温度和饱和磁化强度显著增加.此外,氮化物的磁晶各向异性也发生了根本变化,铁次晶格的易磁化方向转向基面,钕次晶格的易磁化方向则转到C轴.     

Bi0.5Ca0.25La0.25FexMn1-xO3（x=0.3,0.4,0.5）的熔融盐合成及磁性表征

以KCl为熔剂,通过环境友好的熔融盐法在相对较低的反应温度下合成了系列组成可调变的化合物Bi0.5Ca0.25La0.25FexMn1-xO3(x=0.3,0.4,0.5),同时借助于XRD、ICP元素分析和磁强计对样品进行表征。XRD表征结果显示所有样品都具有钙钛矿型正交结构,属于pbnm空间群;元素分析结果证实熔融盐合成得到的样品其组成符合最初反应物的投料比;磁性表征结果显示低铁含量样品(x=0.3)低温区存在典型Hopkinson效应,样品随Fe含量的增加,该效应减弱,同时样品的反铁磁性逐渐增强。     

钙钛矿型DyFexMn1-xO3（0≤x≤1）的水热组成调变合成及磁性表征

通过环境友好的水热法对DyFexMn1-xO3(0≤x≤1)系列化合物进行组成调变合成,同时借助于ICP元素分析、XRD、扫描电镜SEM以及磁强计对其进行了表征。研究结果显示,该系列化合物随Fe掺杂量的增加,磁性发生明显的变化,由反铁磁向弱铁磁转变。     

YMn6Sn6-xMx(M=Ga,Ti)化合物的结构和磁性研究

制备了YMn     

La15Fe77-xNixMn5B3（x=55,60,65,70,75）储氢合金的结构与电化学性能研究

用熔炼-快淬工艺制备La15Fe77-xNixMn5B3(x=55,60,65,70,75)储氢电极合金。采用XRD、SEM、EDS及电化学方法研究合金的组织结构、放氢平台特性和电化学性能。研究结果表明,La15Fe77-xNixMn5B3(x=55,60,65,70,75)合金均为多相结构,主相是LaNi5相,另外还有(Fe,Ni)相和La3Ni13B2相。随Ni含量增加,合金电极的最大放电容量逐渐增加,活化次数明显减少,放氢平台特性变好,高倍率放电性能明显改善。     

MnFe1-xTixP0.63Ge0.12Si0.25（x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03）系列化合物的磁热效应

通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)和振动磁强计(VSM)磁性测量,研究了替代元素Ti替代Fe元素含量的MnFe1-xTixP0.63Ge0.12Si0.25(x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03)系列化合物的物相结构与磁热效应的影响。结果表明:该系列化合物的结构为Fe2P型六角晶系结构,空间群为P62m。主相均为(Mn,Fe)2(P,Ge,Si),并含有少量的第二相(Mn,Fe)3Si相。随着Ti原子替代Fe原子的增加化合物的晶格常数a增大,晶格常数c略有减小,晶胞体积V基本保持不变。随着Ti含量增加居里温度(TC)减小,热滞ΔThys的大小改进不太明显。MnFeP0.63Ge0.12Si0.25的TC为305 K,当外磁场变化为0～1.5 T时最大磁熵变的绝对值为14.8 J.(kg.K)-1。     

(Ni45Mn40Sn10Co5)100-xGdx合金的微观结构、马氏体相变及力学性能

研究了稀土Gd合金化对(Ni₄₅Mn₄₀Sn₁₀Co₅)_100-xGd_x(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.5,2,原子数分数,下同)磁性形状记忆合金的显微结构、马氏体相变及力学性能的影响.结果表明：低Gd掺杂量(x=0.1,0.2)对合金的相组成和显微组织影响甚微;当x(Gd)≥0.5时,合金中有第二相析出;在各成分合金中均观察到一步热弹性马氏体相变,随着Gd掺杂量的增加,单相合金(x=0～0.2)的马氏体相变温度单调上升,双相合金(x=0.5,2)的马氏体相变温度先下降后上升;适当的Gd掺杂量(x=2)能显著提高合金的压缩强度和延展性.     

SnO2基钙钛矿太阳能电池界面调控与性能优化

近十余年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池光电转换效率从3.8%提升至目前的25.5%,有望成为下一代商业用薄膜太阳能电池.然而,目前广泛使用的TiO₂电子传输层电子迁移率低、退火温度高、紫外光照稳定性差等特性使得TiO₂基钙钛矿太阳能电池性能,尤其是长期稳定性,面临巨大挑战.SnO₂由于良好的电子迁移率、适宜的能带结构、简单的低温溶液合成以及稳定的化学结构等优点成为替代TiO₂电子传输层的首选.目前,调控SnO₂/钙钛矿以及钙钛矿/空穴传输层界面是SnO₂基钙钛矿太阳能电池性能优化的关键.鉴于此,在详细介绍SnO₂电子传输层本体与表面,钙钛矿本体、晶界及表面缺陷类型及特征的基础之上,重点总结了SnO₂/钙钛矿、钙钛矿/空穴传输层界面调控及性能提升的研究进展.最后,针对SnO₂基钙钛矿太阳能电池器件界面调控与性能优化的研究趋势和发展方向做出展望.     

Influence of magnesium on electrochemical properties of RE3-xMgx(Ni0.7Co0.2Mn0.1)9（x=0.5-1.25） alloy electrodes

RE3-xMgx(Ni0.7Co0.2Mn0.1)9 (x=0.5-1.25) alloys were prepared by induction melting and the influence of the partial substitution of RE (where RE stands for La-rich mischmetal) by Mg on the hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of the alloys were investigated systematically. These alloys mainly consisted of three phases, La(Ni,Mn,Co)5 phase, La2Ni7 phase and Mg2Ni phase. The P-C-T isotherms showed that with Mg content increasing in the alloys, the hydrogen storage capacity first increased and reached the maximum capacity of 1.36 wt.% when x=1.0, and then decreased with x increasing further. Electrochemical studies revealed that the discharge capacity reached the maximum value of 380 mAh/g and the alloy electrode presented better cyclic stability when RE/Mg=2. The high rate discharge ability of the alloy electrodes was also improved by the substitution of Mg for RE. The RE2Mg(Ni0.7Co0.2Mn0.1)9 alloy exhibited better hydrogen absorption kinetics (x=1.0).)     

Crystal structure, thermal expansion and electrical conductivity of Pr(Ga1-xCox)0.9Mg0.1O3-δ(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)

Pr(Ga1-xCox)0.9Mg0.1O3-δ(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) was synthesized using solid-state reaction technique to study the effects of Co doping on their structure and properties. Room and high temperature XRD, DSC and electrical conductivity measurement with D.C. four-probe technique were adopted in the study. The results indicated its orthorhombic-distorted perovskite structure at room temperature. PrGa0.9Mg0.1O3-δ maintained its orthorhombic-distorted structure between 298 and 1173 K. For Pr(Ga0.7Co0.3)0.9Mg0.1O3-δ, such structure existed below 873 K. From 873 to 1173 K, it possessed tetragonal structure. The transformation from orthorhombic to tetragonal structure at 873 K was of second order. The intrinsic volume thermal expansion of tetragonal structured Pr(Ga0.7Co0.3) 0.9Mg0.1O3-δ was about 50% higher than those of PrGa0.9Mg0.1O3-δ. The electrical conductivity increased with Co content. The activation energies of conduction for Pr(Ga1-xCox)0.9Mg0.1O3-δ are in range from 0.197 to 0.246 eV, much lower than 1.543 eV for PrGaO3.     

(1-x)La0.6Dy0.1Sr0.3MnO3/0.5x(Sb2O3)复合体系的电输运性质及低场磁电阻效应

用固相反应法制备了(1 -x)La0.6Dy0.1Sr0.3MnO3/0.5x( Sb2 O3)系列样品,通过电阻率-温度(ρ-T)曲线以及ρ-T拟合曲线,研究了样品的电输运性质,电输运机制及低场磁电阻效应.结果表明:所有样品在高温区表现为绝缘体导电,在低温区表现为金属导电,产生绝缘体-金属相变;在金属导电区主要是单磁子散射起作用,可以用公式ρ=ρ0+AT拟合;所有样品在整个温区随温度降低MR持续增大,表现出低场磁电阻特征,复合样品的磁电阻(MR)与纯的La0.6Dy0.1Sr0.3 MnO3的MR相比,在低温区减小,在高温区增大,对x=0.15的样品在高温区的MR大幅度提高,当B=0.2 T,T=300 K时,MR达7.79％,比纯La0.6Dy0.1 Sr0.3 MnO3的MR增大2.6倍,有利于MR的实际应用.     

Crystal structure,thermal expansion and electrical conductivity of Pr（Ga1-xCox）0.9Mg0.1O3-δ （x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3）

Pr（Ga1-xCox）0.9Mg0.1O3-δ （x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3） was synthesized using solid-state reaction technique to study the effects of Co doping on their structure and properties. Room and high temperature XRD, DSC and electrical conductivity measurement with D.C. four-probe technique were adopted in the study. The results indicated its orthorhombic-distorted perovskite structure at room temperature. PrGa0.9Mg0.1O3-δ maintained its orthorhombic-distorted structure between 298 and 1173 K. For Pr（Ga0.7Co0.3）0.9Mg0.1O3-δ, such structure existed below 873 K. From 873 to 1173 K, it possessed tetragonal structure. The transformation from orthorhombic to tetragonal structure at 873 K was of second order. The intrinsic volume thermal expansion of tetragonal structured Pr（Ga0.7Co0.3）0.9Mg0.1O3-δ Was about 50% higher than those of PrGa0.9Mg0.1O3-δ. The electrical conductivity increased with Co content. The activation energies of conduction for Pr（Ga1-xCox）0.9Mg0.1O3-δ are in range from 0.197 to 0.246 eV, much lower than 1.543 eV for PrGaO3.     

Structural and Electrical Properties of Layered Pervoskite Manganites Nd2-2x Sr1＋2x Mn2O7 （x=0.25, 0.3, 0.4）

Tetragonally layered perovskite manganites of Nd2-2xSr1＋2xMn2O7（x =0.25, 0.3, 0.4） were fabricated by using solid-state reaction technique. Structural characterization of the compounds was investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and FT-IR absorption spectra. The XRD patterns revealed that all the samples were single phase. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy （XPS） was used to investigate their electronic structures. It was found that manganese was in mixed states of Mn^3＋ and Mn^4＋ whereas lattice oxygen and chemical absorbed oxygen were existed in all the samples. The high temperature electrical properties of Nd2-2xSr1＋2xMn2O7 （x = 0.3, 0.4） were measured by standard four-probe technique. The results showed that both compounds had semi-conductivity behavior in the temperature range of 300 - 1073 K, and the electrical conduction was dominated by thermally activated behavior above 500 K.     

Electrochemical synthesis,structure characterization and magnetic properties of Tb_xFe_7Co_3(x=0,0.6,0.8) nanowires

Highly ordered Tb_xFe_7 Co_3(x=0,0.6,0.8) nanowires were synthesized in alumina templates by electrochemical deposition method.Here,the effects of Tb content and annealing treatment on the phase composition,morphology,crystalline structure and magnetic properties were investigated.The asdeposited Tb_0 Fe_7 Co_3 nanowires comprise Fe_7 Co_3 phase.While after adding Tb,the diffraction peaks slightly shift left,indicating the infiltration of Tb atoms into Fe_7 Co_3 phase.After annealing,Tb_0 Fe_7 Co_3 nanowires still consist of Fe_7 Co_3 phase with a slight enhancement on coercivity.While the annealed nanowires with Tb doped present a complex phase composition containing Fe3 Tb,Fe_2 Tb,Co_3 Tb,Co_(17)Tb_2,TbFeO_3 and Fe_2 O_3 phases distribute in the central portion,and Co_(0.72)Fe_(0.28) at the nanowire outer walls.The annealed Tb_xFe_7 Co_3(x=0.6,0.8) nanowires show higher magnetic performance owing to the formation of hard magnetic phases,the interfacial elastic coupling between hard and soft phases and the coherent Fe3 Tb/Co_3 Tb interface which restrain the domain wall motion.To be specific,the coercivity and remanence ratio of TbxFe_7 Co_3(x=0.6,0.8) nanowires significantly enhance with increasing Tb content.     

Crystal structure and magnetic properties of YbZn_(0.7)In_(1.3)

The new ternary YbZn0.7In1.3 compound was synthesized in evacuated quartz ampoules at 900 ℃,followed by annealing at 400 ℃.It crystallized in the UHg2 structure type with a=0.47934(5) nm,c=0.36955(5) nm,V=0.073535(15) nm3.The shortest distances between theatoms in this structure were equal to 0.3696 nm(Yb-Yb),0.3328 nm(Yb-M) and 0.2767 nm(M-M),respectively.Magnetization measurements indicated that the title compound exhibited a paramagnetic behavior down to 2 K,with antiferromagnetic-like interactions.Calcu...     

Thermoelectric properties of Sr0.9La0.1TiO3 and Sr2.7La0.3Ti2O7 with 15%Ag addition

15%Ag-added cubic perovskites Sr0.9La0.1TiO3 and Ruddlesden-Popper （RP） phases Sr2.7La0.3Ti2O7 were fabricated via hydrothermal synthesis, cold pressing and high-temperature sintering. The structure and thermoelectric properties were also investi-gated for all samples. The results indicated that Ag precipitated as a second phase. Ag addition made electrical conductivity and ab-solute Seebeck coefficient enhanced, as a result, the ZT values were enhanced both for two series. Compared with cubic perovskite, RP phase was subjected to smaller impact by Ag addition. The reasons for enhancing ZT value and the different impact for two series by Ag addition were also discussed.