PDC钻头用急冷钎料的研究

本文针对PDC钻头焊接的需要,研究了硬质合金真空钎焊用的Ag-Cu-In-Ti活性钎头。结果表明,在PDC热稳定极限温度以下,急冷的Ag-Cu-In-Ti钎料可以连接硬质合金,接头剪切强度可达308MPa以上。连接过程中,活性元素Ti起着重要的作用。Ti在结合界面富集并与硬质合金发生化学反应,反应的主要产物为TiC。钎焊温度和保温时间都有一个最佳范围,在此范围之内,接头强度最高。     

铪与铜钎焊接头的组织与强度

采用72Ag-28Cu钎料对铪与铜进行了真空钎焊试验,钎焊温度为820~920℃,保温时间为1~45 min。研究了钎焊温度与保温时间对Hf/72Ag-28Cu/Cu钎焊接头组织和强度的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察钎焊接头组织形貌,用能谱仪(EDS)进行化学成分分析,用X射线衍射(XRD)进行物相分析。结果表明:随着钎焊温度的升高与保温时间的延长,接头剪切强度先升高后降低;在钎焊温度为840℃、保温时间为15 min的真空钎焊条件下,钎缝中的各相分布均匀,且尚未粗化,相比温度升高和保温时间延长获得的大块连续状相而言更有分布优势,起到了弥散强化的作用,并有利于应力的缓解释放,此时剪切强度最高,达到了最大的201 MPa,钎缝内形成了良好的结合界面;钎焊接头界面生成了Cu51Hf14,Cu8Hf3金属间化合物,但Cu-Hf化合物过多会对缺陷比较敏感,易产生裂纹,降低接头强度;Cu-Hf化合物过少导致没有形成良好冶金结合;因此,钎焊温度过高或过低,保温时间过长或过短对接头强度都不利。接头的界面结构为Hf/Cu-Hf化合物+Hf基固溶体/Hf基固溶体+Ag-Cu共晶组织+Cu-Hf化合物+Cu基固溶体/Cu。     

超声辅助SAC0307无铅焊料低温钎焊研究北大核心

采用SAC0307无铅焊料实现了Cu/Cu的低温互连,研究了纳米Ni颗粒和超声辅助共同作用下SAC0307低银无铅焊料接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:两种焊料界面IMC厚度均随着超声时间的增加先升高后下降;低温时,焊料接头IMC呈扇贝状,复合焊料接头IMC呈锯齿状;随温度升高,锯齿状的IMC变得更显著。超声辅助下,钎焊温度为210～230℃时,随超声时间延长,两种钎焊接头剪切强度先增加后减小,均在超声5 s时剪切强度达到最高;钎焊温度为240℃时,两种焊料接头剪切强度随超声时间延长而下降。无超声时,240℃时两种焊料接头剪切强度均最高,分别为25.54 MPa和26.54 MPa;超声5 s时,220℃钎焊的焊料接头剪切强度最高,为31.31 MPa,210℃钎焊的复合焊料接头剪切强度最高,为35.26 MPa。焊料处在固态、半固态或黏稠液态,超声振动有助于焊料填缝,获得密实的接头,接头力学性能提高;而振动时间过长,焊料中气体和氧化夹杂等不容易溢出,会聚集长大造成力学性能下降。     

TiZrNiCu钎料真空钎焊TZM合金接头界面组织及力学性能

采用Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu非晶钎料箔实现了TZM合金的真空钎焊连接,研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对接头界面微观组织结构及力学性能的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)分析了接头界面组织及物相成分、确定接头的断裂位置和断裂方式,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析确定接头中存在的物相。研究结果表明:接头典型界面组织为TZM/Ti-Mo固溶体+(Ti,Zr)2(Ni,Cu)/TZM,随着钎焊温度或保温时间的增加,钎缝中Ti-Mo固溶体的含量增加,(Ti,Zr)2(Ni,Cu)相含量减少,且Ti-Mo固溶体中Mo元素的原子比例增加,钎缝与母材连接界面处、母材中的裂纹状结构含量增加。随钎焊温度或保温时间的增加,接头剪切强度先增大后减小,当钎焊温度1020℃,保温时间20 min时,接头具有最大剪切强度105 MPa。断口分析表明,断裂位置为钎缝与母材连接界面,断裂方式为解理断裂兼部分沿晶断裂。     

钎焊真空度对铜与铪钎焊接头组织及性能的影响

采用72Ag-28Cu钎料对铜与铪进行真空钎焊试验.钎焊温度为840℃,保温时间为15 min,真空度试验范围为5.0×10-2~8.0Pa.研究了钎焊真空度对铜与铪钎焊接头组织及性能的影响,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)观察钎焊接头的组织形貌,采用ZWICKZ050电子万能材料试验机测试接头剪切强度.结果表明:随着钎焊真空度的升高,接头剪切强度呈先升高后降低的趋势;在钎焊温度为840℃、保温时间为15 min时,较佳的钎焊真空度为2.0×10-1Pa.     

Ti-25Cu-15Ni钎料钎焊的TA0钛接头界面微观组织及拉伸性能

采用真空电弧熔炼法制备钛基钎料Ti-25Cu-15Ni(at.%),通过DSC、SEM和XRD分析确认该钎料的焊接温度和微观组织结构及形貌。采用该钎料钎焊工业纯钛TA0,并分析焊接接头的微观组织结构。结果表明,该钎料主要由α-Ti和Ti2Cu共晶组织构成,在1 000℃焊接温度下,在钎料/焊接母材接头界面,有大量的Ti2Cu和TiNi化合物形成。同时,在靠近母材部分存在α-Ti+TiNi共晶组织,Ni元素扩散到钛合金母材中形成针状TiNi化合物,有利于连接强度的提高。测试了在1 000℃下的不同保温时间对试样拉伸强度的影响,结果表明,1 000℃下保温30 min制备的连接件最大拉伸强度为185.65 MPa。     

不锈钢/碳钢拉拔钎焊复合管的实验研究

采用拉拔-钎焊的方式制备不锈钢/碳钢复合管,应用金相显微镜观察钎焊后复合界面的微观形貌,实验测试了钎焊温度和保温时间对复合强度的影响。研究发现,钎焊后金属间形成致密的冶金结合,随钎焊温度增加,金属间的剪切强度提高,当温度大于1150℃时,剪切强度从295MPa缓慢增加,随钎焊保温时间剪切强度呈先增大后降低规律。保温3h时剪切强度最大为301MPa。     

铝基复合金属粉末钎焊石墨的界面结构及性能

以Al、Ti复合金属粉末为活性钎料对高纯石墨进行连接,研究加热温度和保温时间对接头组织和性能的影响。采用SEM、EDS、XRD研究接头界面结构及相的组成,并对钎焊机理进行分析。结果表明:1 100℃钎焊10 min时接头与石墨结合紧密,强度达到12.96 MPa。微观结构研究和XRD相分析表明界面区域发生了化学反应,反应产物主要为TiC;焊接接头的界面结构为石墨/TiC+TiAl3+Ti-Al固溶体/石墨。     

Mo与4340不锈钢真空扩散焊接的研究

采用了真空扩散焊接方法对Mo和4340不锈钢进行直接焊接和在中间加入Ni过渡层进行焊接。使用电子扫描显微镜和X射线能谱分析方法对两种焊接接头微观组织、元素分布进行分析,并对接头的硬度分布和剪切强度进行测试。结果表明:在Mo和4340不锈钢直接真空扩散焊接时,由于生成了硬脆性的Fe-Mo金属间化合物,接头扩散层硬度高达480 HV,而接头的剪切强度仅为90 MPa。当加入Ni箔过渡层进行真空扩散焊接时,可以得到质量更好的接头,接头扩散层的硬度降低到365 HV,降低了硬度梯度,使得剪切强度提高到196 MPa。本研究进一步拓宽了Mo的应用领域,对Mo与其他异种金属连接的研究提供了方法参考。     

钛基钎料钎焊石墨与TZM合金接头组织和性能研究

研究了钛基钎料钎焊石墨与TZM合金的钎焊组织。结果表明，使用钛合金箔为钎料能很好润湿石墨和TZM母材，通过界面反应和TLP扩散连接获得良好的钎焊组织。接头组织主要分为两层：Ti-TiC和Ti-Mo固溶体。热震循环试验证明接头再熔化温度高于1400℃，承受热应力而不失效。接头剪切强度为14．1MPa。     

Ti6Al4V和Al2A12的扩散连接界面组织及力学性能

采用热等静压(HIP)工艺连接Al12A12和Ti6Al4V两种不同的航空航天用材料.利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪观察连接过渡区的微观组织和组成的演化,并测试其主要的力学性能.结果表明:采用热等静压制备这两种材料的界面连接好;Ti/Al反应层界面处形成了不同的金属间化合物,例如,Al₃ Ti、TiAl₂和TiAl;连接接头处硬度为163 HV,界面连接处剪切强度达到了23 MPa,比只添加镀层而无中间层的连接强度提高了约17.9%,但低于带有中间层的连接强度.由于过烧和孔隙的形成使得断裂方式是脆性断裂.由此可知,在热等静压成形过程中异种材料的元素发生了相互扩散,在扩散连接处形成了不同的金属间化合物,这些金属间化合物影响连接处的力学性能.      

Deformation and failure of brazed joints—macroscopic considerations

Experimental data are presented on the influence of component yield strength and joint geometry on the mechanical behavior of transverse brazed joints. The systems studied were various iron alloys brazed with dilute silver alloys. From these data a model is developed for the deformation and ductile failure of brazed joints. In thick and thin joints, macroscopic plastic instability and hydrostatic tension respectively are the major causes of void growth and ductile fracture. Strain hardening in the braze metal is found to be an important factor in delaying fracture in both cases. Increases in the braze metal yield strength are accompanied by increases in the tensile strength of a brazed joint if the yield strength of the base metal exceeds the fracture strength of the joint. The loss of stress triaxiality which accompanies base metal yielding severely limits joint strength.     

Development of a new CuNiTiB brazing alloy for joining Si3N4 to Si3N4

Joining Si₃N₄ to Si₃N₄ was carried out initially with a Cu₃₄Ni₂₇Ti₃₉ brazing alloy prepared by double melting under a vacuum condition. However, the strength of the joints was not as high as expected. The causes were studied. Based on the results of the analysis, a CuNiTiB brazing filler metal was designed. The Si₃N₄/Si₃N₄ joints were then brazed with this new brazing alloy in the paste form, and joints with a three-point bend strength of 338.8 MPa at room temperature were obtained. The interfacial reactions of the joint are also discussed. With the rapidly solidified foils of the brazing alloy, the bend strength of the Si₃N₄/Si₃N₄ joints under the same brazing conditions is raised to 402 MPa at room temperature. The Si₃N₄/Si₃N₄ joints brazed with this newly developed brazing alloy exhibit a rather high and steady bend strength (about 406 MPa) at 723 K.     

FGH91粉末高温合金与K418B铸造叶环热等静压扩散连接研究

采用热等静压工艺进行了FGH91粉末高温合金和K418B铸造叶环扩散连接试验,研究了FGH91-K418B双合金的界面成分扩散和连接接头的组织和力学性能。结果表明,在连接界面足够清洁的条件下,选择1190 ℃+170 MPa的热等静压工艺,可以实现FGH91和K418B两种合金良好的冶金连接。进一步观察和分析发现,扩散连接接头致密完整,无夹杂物和连续的第二相析出物,扩散区宽度80～120 μm。FGH91-K418B双合金的拉伸性能、持久性能和显微组织具有良好的一致性,试样断裂均未发生在界面结合处。     

Infrared brazing of Ti-6Al-4V and 17-4 PH stainless steel with a nickel barrier layer

Infrared brazing of Ti-6Al-4V and 17-4 PH stainless steel using the BAg-8 filler metal was performed in this study. A nickel barrier layer 10 μm thick was introduced on the 17-4 PH stainless steel before infrared brazing. For the specimen that was infrared brazed at 800 °C and 850 °C for less than 300 seconds, the Ni layer served as an effective barrier layer to prevent the formation of Ti-Fe intermetallics. Experimental results show that the average shear strength of the joint can be greatly improved for the specimen by Ni plating. Comparing the specimens with and without electroless-plated Ni film, the former has no Ti-Fe intermetallic compound, but interfacial CuNiTi and NiPTi phases are observed in the latter. The fractured location of the joint after the shear test is changed from the interfacial TiFe (without Ni plating) into the TiCu reaction layer (with Ni plating). The plated Ni layer is consumed for the specimen that was infrared brazed at 880 °C for 300 seconds, and its bonding strength is impaired. Consequently, a lower brazing temperature and/or time are still preferred even though a plated Ni barrier layer is applied.     

Brazing Inconel 625 Using the Copper Foil

Brazing Inconel 625 (IN-625) using the copper foil has been investigated in this research. The brazed joint is composed of nanosized CrNi₃ precipitates and Cr/Mo/Nb/Ni quaternary compound in the Cu/Ni-rich matrix. The copper filler 50 μm in thickness is enough for the joint filling. However, the application of Cu foil 100 μm in thickness has little effect on the shear strength of the brazed joint. The specimen brazed at 1433 K (1160 °C) for 1800 seconds demonstrates the best shear strength of 470 MPa, and its fractograph is dominated by ductile dimple fracture with sliding marks. Decreasing the brazing temperature slightly decreases the shear strength of the brazed joint due to the presence of a few isolated solidification shrinkage voids smaller than 15 μm. Increasing the brazing temperature, especially for the specimen brazed at 1473 K (1200 °C), significantly deteriorates the shear strength of the joint below 260 MPa because of coalescence of isothermal solidification shrinkage voids in the joint. The Cu foil demonstrates potential in brazing IN-625 for industrial application.     

无镍不锈钢17Cr10Mn2MoN的制备与性能

采用气雾化法制备含氮无镍不锈钢粉末,利用热等静压成形并对材料进行固溶处理.热等静压后,材料具有良好的强度、塑性及韧性,抗拉强度为850 MPa,屈服强度为505 MPa,延伸率为44.5%,断面收缩率为47.5%,冲击功为44 J.材料经1 100℃固溶处理1 h后,塑性和韧性得到进一步提高,延伸率为50.0%,断面收缩率为55.5%,冲击为68 J.材料强度和耐蚀性优于316L不锈钢.      

热处理对高温钛合金TG6铸造组织及性能的影响

对熔模精铸TG6合金进行了热等静压和退火热处理试验,研究了其铸态、热等静压态和退火态的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,该合金在铸态下为晶粒粗大的魏氏组织,组织中存在缩松缺陷,合金抗拉强度为871.3MPa,塑性0.8%,合金组织中的疏松缺陷为断裂的裂纹起始源;通过热等静压后该合金抗拉强度及伸长率提高到950.7 MPa和3.7%;经过750℃退火热处理后,组织中β板条部分溶解,并析出(TiZr)6Si3硅化物,合金的室温拉伸延伸率提高到5%以上,强度相对于热等静压未发生明显改变,断口表现为解理断裂。     

以Nb为中间层AgCuTi为钎料连接炭/炭复合材料与不锈钢

在连接温度为900℃、保温时间10 min的条件下,以Nb为中间层,采用AgCuTi钎料对炭/炭复合材料与不锈钢进行连接.利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射对接头界面组织进行分析.实验结果表明,以Nb为中间层、AgCuTi为钎料能很好地连接炭/炭复合材料与不锈钢;连接过程中,钎料中的Ti向炭/炭复合材料界面区聚集并形成含TiC的...