多孔太阳墙式太阳能房间与普通房间热舒适性分析

通过对某多孔太阳墙式太阳能房间和普通房间的数值模拟,分析太阳墙板内空气的受热过程及流动情况,同时系统地比较两种建筑在工作区范围内的热舒适性。与普通采暖房间相比,在有多孔太阳墙送风的情况下,可将室外空气由-3℃加热到21℃,空气流动速度由0.1m/s提高到0.31m/s,提供44.6m3/h的新风量,一定程度上解决了冬季开窗换气所引起的室内热负荷及采暖负荷,论证了多孔太阳墙可使室内热舒适性明显增强的结论。     

直接受益式太阳能建筑关键热工参数动态分析研究

利用建筑动态能耗模拟软件(Energy Plus),进行了不同气候条件下直接受益式太阳能建筑关键热工参数对室内热环境影响的动态模拟分析。从室内平均温度和室内温度波动角度出发,合理选择了适合于不同太阳辐射强度下的外窗类型、窗墙比。通过分析指出,在冬季外窗设置XPS保温板可以大幅度地降低夜间的失热量,最大限度地发挥被动式太阳能建筑的供暖潜力。     

太阳能直供毛细管末端辐射供暖系统的实验研究

描述太阳能直供毛细管末端辐射供暖系统,并通过实验对室内热环境进行分析,结果表明晴天工况时,毛细管壁面温度响应较快,全天实验房间平均温度比非采暖房间平均温度高4.5℃左右,关闭太阳能集热循环泵3h后,单位面积毛细管供热功率仍能基本满足实验房间的平均采暖热负荷.全天室内热舒适性较好,温度基本达到设计计算要求.实验结果为天津地区低能耗建筑应用此套系统的可行性提供了参考.     

青岛农村地区Trombe墙结构对室内环境的影响

Trombe墙结构是一种依托于房屋南墙,以热压来提高室内热舒适性的结构。文章利用数值计算方法分析了夏季青岛地区Trombe墙结构和北窗的位置、尺寸对室内环境的影响,研究结果表明:夏季,Trombe墙结构不会使室内温度升高,并可以强化室内的自然通风,提高房间的热舒适性;随着北窗位置的改变,室内空气最高流速的位置也会发生改变,当北窗距屋顶高度为0.5 m时,室内高度约为1.7 m处,空气平均流速约为0.075m/s;随着北窗宽度的逐渐增加,Trombe墙结构可有效增大从北窗流入室内的空气流量,并使得室内空气流速略有下降,当北窗宽度为1.4 m时,室内气流的整体流速最大。     

外墙构造和窗墙比对变频空调房问采暖能耗及PMV的影响

采用SCIENCE软件对南京地区冬季某日一变频空调房间的热环境进行数值模拟,得出了采暖能耗和PMV随外墙构造和窗墙比的变化规律,并通过室内加热量和平均PMV对其进行分析.研究表明:墙体传热系数越低,越节能,随传热系数的逐步减小,节能增加效果减弱;综合考虑南京地区外墙宜选用保温墙24;能耗随窗墙比增大以指数增加,窗墙比每增加10%,能耗增加0.24%～2.74%;围护结构中外墙和窗户对能耗的影响较大,比重分别为50.4%和34.9%;外墙构造对室内热舒适性的影响不大,但窗墙比影响较大,窗墙比越大,平均PMV值波动越厉害,热舒适性越差.     

外墙构造和窗墙比对变频空调房间采暖能耗及PMV的影响

采用SCIENCE软件对南京地区冬季某日一变频空调房间的热环境进行数值模拟,得出了采暖能耗和PMV随外墙构造和窗墙比的变化规律,并通过室内加热量和平均PMV对其进行分析。研究表明：墙体传热系数越低,越节能,随传热系数的逐步减小,节能增加效果减弱;综合考虑南京地区外墙宜选用保温墙24;能耗随窗墙比增大以指数增加,窗墙比每增加10%,能耗增加0.24%～2.74%;围护结构中外墙和窗户对能耗的影响较大,比重分别为50.4%和34.9%;外墙构造对室内热舒适性的影响不大,但窗墙比影响较大,窗墙比越大,平均PMV值波动越厉害,热舒适性越差。     

地道与太阳能烟囱复合通风系统影响因素及优化设计研究

同时利用地热能和太阳能来调节室内温度和室内空气品质,可实现可再生能源在建筑领域的优化利用。文章通过建立地道与太阳能烟囱复合通风系统模型,研究了地道长度、地道宽度、太阳能烟囱高度、地道进风口与太阳能烟囱出风口面积比等参数对房间通风量和室内温度的影响。研究结果表明:地道进风口与太阳能烟囱出风口面积比是影响房间通风量的主要因素;地道长度、地道进风口与烟囱出风口面积比是影响室内温度的主要因素;在复合通风系统的设计过程中,首先应优先考虑将地道长度增加至房间宽度的3倍以上,这样可提高复合通风系统的供冷能力,其次应保证地道进风口面积大于太阳能烟囱出风口面积,这样可降低地道的通风阻力,增加由地道进入到室内的风量,保证该复合通风系统能够较好地满足室内环境的热舒适性要求。     

窗墙面积比对建筑能耗的影响

在影响建筑能耗的因素中,因外窗的绝热性能最差,从而成为影响室内热环境质量和建筑能耗的主要因素之一.为实现建筑节能的目的,需要对窗墙比进行优化.本文利用清华大学开发的DeST(Designer's Simulation Toolkits)软件对西安地区一办公楼在不同窗墙面积比下的能耗做了模拟计算分析,总结出了西安地区建筑能耗随窗墙面积比的变化规律,并在此基础上给出了西安地区此类建筑的最佳窗墙面积比.     

太阳能建筑外墙传热系数朝向差异设计研究

结合太阳能建筑室外热作用朝向差异显著的特点,对不同朝向外墙单位面积日平均失热量进行分析,提出"传热系数朝向差异"的太阳能建筑墙体热工设计方法。借助建筑分析模型,确立墙体节材量随基础传热系数和室内计算温度的变化关系;对比分析拉萨、银川及西安3个地区太阳能建筑的墙体节材性特点及传热系数朝向差异设计下的墙体内壁面温度动态变化规律。结果表明:采用墙体传热系数朝向差异化设计可减少墙材用量,且太阳辐射强度越高的地区节材性越明显,该方法不会对室内热环境产生不利影响。     

基于形体要素的建筑太阳能采暖效率计算方法

为构建简便有效的基于建筑形体要素的太阳能采暖潜力评价方法,以额济纳旗、西安为例,开展西部太阳能采暖效率计算方法研究。将建筑高宽比、高长比、南向窗墙面积比作为太阳能采暖热利用关联紧密的形体要素,经过正交试验、动态能耗模拟、数理统计分析等方法得到基于建筑形体要素的建筑太阳能采暖潜力函数。将该函数图形化表达发现增大建筑高宽比、南向窗墙面积比均能优化建筑太阳能采暖效率。给出在额济纳旗和西安提升建筑太阳能采暖效率的有效措施。该研究并非旨在取代动态模拟工具,而是为建筑设计初期构建一种简便的太阳能采暖设计的热性能分析方法。     

冬季特朗贝墙内置卷帘对墙体热性能的影响

对大连地区某被动式太阳实验房进行实验研究,通过对玻璃幕墙内壁面温度、夹层内空气温度、特朗贝墙墙体温度等相关参数及室外气象参数等的实测,定量地分析了冬季夜间特朗贝墙采用卷帘保温的效果。并且通过有限空间自然对流换热理论计算分析,提出了更为合理的卷帘安装位置,最后根据围护结构响应因子BER指标,讨论了使用卷帘对提高室内热舒适性的影响。     

Thermal analysis of a direct-gain room with shape-stabilized PCM plates

The thermal performance of a south-facing direct-gain room with shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM) plates has been analysed using an enthalpy model. Effects of the following factors on room air temperature are investigated: the thermophysical properties of the SSPCM (melting temperature, heat of fusion and thermal conductivity), inner surface convective heat transfer coefficient, location and thickness of the SSPCM plate, wall structure (external thermal insulation and wallboard material) etc. The results show that: (1) for the present conditions, the optimal melting temperature is about 20 °C and the heat of fusion should not be less than 90 kJ kg⁻¹; (2) it is the inner surface convection, rather than the internal conduction resistance of SSPCM, that limits the latent thermal storage; (3) the effect of PCM plates located at the inner surface of interior wall is superior to that of exterior wall (the south wall); (4) external thermal insulation of the exterior wall obviously influences the operating effect and period of the SSPCM plates and the indoor temperature in winter; (5) the SSPCM plates create a heavyweight response to lightweight constructions with an increase of the minimum room temperature at night by up to 3 °C for the case studied; (6) the SSPCM plates really absorb and store the solar energy during the daytime and discharge it later and improve the indoor thermal comfort degree at nighttime.     

被动式太阳房的降温研究

通风的目的是保证室内良好的空气品质,采用自然通风方式是生态建筑设计的重要内容,自然通风形成的室内热环境有利于人体舒适性.太阳能烟囱管能强化房间的自然通风,可以有效地改善室内的空气品质和室内热环境,但尚未达到舒适的温度.     

A model for managing and evaluating solar radiation for indoor thermal comfort

Thermal comfort of people occupying indoor spaces depends, to a large extent, on the direct component of solar radiation incident on the human body. In turn, even the diffuse component of the solar radiation could affect the thermal sensations of people. Despite this evidence, at the present there is a lack in the availability of simple and reliable methods capable of taking into account the influence of the solar radiation on thermal balance in the human body. In this work a comprehensive method is presented for the computation of the mean radiant temperature of people in thermal moderate indoor environments in the presence of solar radiation. The effects produced on the amount of solar radiation entering rooms in the presence of shadowing devices are also analysed. Finally, an application of the method is provided for a non-parallelepiped room equipped with a south window: results are shown in terms of the mean radiant temperature. A simple evaluation of thermal comfort conditions, referring to the present international standards, is also provided.The model can be easily linked to the computerized methods for analyzing the thermal behaviour of buildings, and is intended as a support for the thermal comfort evaluation methods.     

内蒙古西部农牧区住宅冬季室内热环境优化研究

为提升内蒙古西部农牧区住宅的室内热环境、降低采暖能耗,选取具有代表性的生土住宅、砖混住宅和被动式住宅进行调研,并对室内外的空气温度、相对湿度等参数做的测试。通过分析数据得出,被动式住宅的室内热环境优于砖混住宅也优于生土住宅。对影响能耗的住宅朝向、南向窗墙比、北向窗墙比、透明围护结构材质、保温层厚度、非透明围护结构材质、附加阳光间进深、东向窗墙比等8个因素进行单因素优化和正交优化,计算出优选方案。研究结果可为内蒙古西部农牧区住宅冬季室内热环境的改善提供依据。     

BIPV/T技术在新徽派民居中的应用探索

针对新徽派民居中存在的建筑能耗大、热舒适性差及室内空气品质低等问题,探索在保持建筑典型特点的前提下,将太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化(BIPV/T)新技术和新方法在新徽派民居中综合运用.文章主要基于作者团队最新的研究,探讨了兼顾"黛瓦"的光伏瓦技术、兼顾"粉壁"的集热?除甲醛多效墙体技术、兼顾"马头墙"的通风?除菌杀毒多效太...     

Energy efficiency and indoor thermal perception: a comparative study between radiant panel and portable convective heaters

This study investigates experimentally the thermal perception of indoor environment for evaluating the ability of radiant panel heaters to produce thermal comfort for space occupants as well as the energy consumption in comparison with conventional portable natural convective heaters. The thermal perception results show that, compared with conventional convection heater, a radiantly heated office room maintains a lower ambient air temperature while providing equal levels of thermal perception on the thermal dummy head as the convective heater and saves up to 39.1% of the energy consumption per day. However, for human subjects’ vote experiments, the results show that for an environmentally controlled test room at outdoor environment temperatures of 0°C and 5°C, using two radiant panel heaters with a total capacity of 580 W leads to a better comfort sensation than the conventional portable natural convective heater with a 670 W capacity, with an energy saving of about 13.4%. In addition, for an outdoor environment temperature of 10°C, using one radiant panel heater with a capacity of 290 W leads to a better comfort sensation than the conventional convection heater with a 670 W capacity, with an energy saving of about 56.7%. From the analytical results, it is found that distributing the radiant panel heater inside the office room, one on the wall facing the window and the other on the wall close to the window, provides the best operative temperature distribution within the room.