用环境友好催化剂合成丙酸异戊酯的研究

以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40／TiO2为环境友好催化剂，对以丙酸和异戊醇为原料合成丙酸异戊酯的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明：TiSiW12O40／TiO2是合成丙酸异戊酯的良好催化剂，最佳反应条件为：n(醇)：n(酸)=1．3：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2．0％，反应时间1．0h，反应温度95—110℃。上述条件下，丙酸异戊酯的收率可达76．2％。     

用环境友好催化剂合成肉桂酸异戊酯的研究

本文报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12 O40 /TiO2 为环境友好催化剂 ,对以肉桂酸和异戊醇为原料合成肉桂酸异戊酯的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明 :TiSiW12 O40 /TiO2 是合成肉桂酸异戊酯的良好催化剂 ,最佳反应条件为 :n(醇 )∶n(酸 ) =4∶1,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的 2 .0 % ,反应时间 1.5h ,反应温度 10 6 - 114℃。上述条件下 ,肉桂酸异戊酯的收率可达 70 .6 %。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成乙酸异戊酯的研究

以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂，通过乙酸和异戊酯反应合成了乙酸异戊酯，并探讨了诸因素对产主的影响，结果表明，TiSiW12O40/TiO2具有良好的催化活性，醇酸摩尔比为1．2：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总量的1．0％，反应时间1．5h，反应温度11－122℃，产率可达96．3％。     

TiSiW12O40／TiO2催化合成苯甲酸戊酯

首次报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂,对以苯甲酸和正戊醇为原料合成苯甲酸戊酯的反应条件进行了研究,实验表明：TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成苯甲酸戊酯的良好催化剂,最佳反应投机倒把为：醇酸摩尔比为4：1,催化剂用量为反应物料总量的1.5%,反应时间为2.5h。上述条件下,苯甲酸戊酸的产率可达96.7％。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成苯甲酸异戊酯

首次报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂,对以苯甲酸和异戊醇为原料合成苯甲酸异戊酯的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明：TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成苯甲酸异戊酯的良好催化剂,最佳反应条件为：醇酸摩尔比为4:1,催化剂用量为反应物料总量的2.5%,反应时间2.5h。上述条件下,苯甲酸异戊酯的产率可达83.3% 。     

固体杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成丙酸异戊酯

以正丙酸和异戊醇为原料,固体杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为催化剂催化合成了丙酸异戊酯。探讨了醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间对丙酸异戊酯产品收率的影响。实验结果表明:固体杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2对丙酸异戊酯的合成具有良好的催化活性。在醇酸物质的量比为3．0 1,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2．5％、反应时2．0 h,产品收率可达91．8％。     

合成肉桂酸正丁酯的催化剂研究

综述了离子交换树脂，TiSiW12O40/TiO2，硫酸铁铵，杂多酸，氯化铁，聚氯乙烯三氯化铁等几种不同催化剂催化合成肉桂酸正丁酯的实验结果。实验表明：离子交换树脂，TiSiW12O40/TiO2，杂多酸3种催化剂对肉桂酸正丁酯的合成反应具有良好的催化活性，具有实际应用价值。     

TiSiW12O40／TiO2催化合成氯乙酸正戊酯

首次以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂,通过氯乙酸和正戊醇反应,合成了氯乙酸正戊酯,并探讨了诸因素对产率的影响,实验表明,TiSiW12O40/TiO2具有良好的催化活性,当醇酸物质的量比为1．3：1,催化剂用量为反应物料总量的1．5％,反应时间1．0h,反应温度108℃－126℃时,氯乙酸正戊酯的产率可达78．04％。     

合成肉桂酸异戊酯的催化剂研究

综述了对甲苯磺酸，TiSiW12O40/TiO2，硫酸铁铵，微波技术（对甲苯磺酸作催化剂），固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2，聚氯乙烯三氯化铁，钨硅酸等几种不同催化剂催化合成了肉桂酸异戊酯的实验结果。结果表明：对甲苯磺酸，固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2和钨硅酸3种催化剂对合成肉桂酸异戊酯的酯收率较高，具有实际应用价值。     

TiSiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2催化合成苯甲酸戊酯

首次报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12 O4 0 /TiO2 为多相催化剂 ,对以苯甲酸和正戊醇为原料合成苯甲酸戊酯的反应条件进行了研究 ,实验表明 :TiSiW12 O4 0 /TiO2 是合成苯甲酸戊酯的良好催化剂 ,最佳反应条件为 :醇酸摩尔比为 4∶1,催化剂用量为反应物料总量的 1 5 % ,反应时间为 2 5h。上述条件下 ,苯甲酸戊酯的产率可达 96 7%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。