UO_2粉末的热分析

介绍了由ADU和AUC分解还原得到的UO_2粉末氧化过程的差热(DTA)、热重(TG)同时热分析,讨论了UO_2粉末的热分析结果与其成型烧结性、比表面、高价铀化物存在的关系,得出了检验UO_2粉末烧结性、高价铀化物存在的判据。并且根据热分析检验UO_2粉末内高价铀化物的存在,可判别ADU和AUC分解还原是否充分,UO_2是否氧化等,这对UO_2粉末的性能检验及其芯块研制过程中的质量控制起了重要作用。     

UO_2粉末的热分析

介绍了由ADU和AUC分解还原得到的UO_2粉末氧化过程的差热(DTA)、热重(TG)同时热分析,讨论了UO_2粉末的热分析结果与其成型烧结性、比表面、高价铀化物存在的关系,得出了检验UO_2粉末烧结性、高价铀化物存在的判据。并且根据热分析检验UO_2粉末内高价铀化物的存在,可判别ADU和AUC分解还原是否充分,UO_2是否氧化等,这对UO_2粉末的性能检验及其芯块研制过程中的质量控制起了重要作用。     

热分析技术在核燃料加工中的某些应用

本文简明地叙述了 UF_4、UO_2F_2、UO_2(NO_3)_2、ADU、AUC、UO_3、UO_2 等铀化合物的热稳定性及其相变情况。说明热分析技术在核燃料加工中有着十分广泛的用途。     

可控微观结构二氧化铀芯块制造的压烧工艺研究

研究了重铀酸铵(ADU)流程得到的两种基体UO_2粉末的压制性和烧结性;研究了不同添加量下各种添加剂粉末对基体粉末压制性和烧结性的改善;重点讨论了不同添加剂对UO_2芯块密度、热稳定性和微观结构的影响。结果表明,对于ADU流程得到的高烧结性UO_2粉末,经过计算,选择一定量的造孔剂添加,在高生坯密度和高烧结温度条件下加工,就可以制造出密度适当且具有良好热稳定性和微观结构的芯块。     

用结晶反萃取法制备陶瓷级UO_2的AUC粉末

本文叙述了用碳酸铵溶液对含铀的 TBP-煤油溶液进行反萃取,直接制备陶瓷级 UO_2的 AUC(三碳酸铀酰四铵)粉末的工艺研究。控制合适的工艺条件,能制出符合粉冶要求的陶瓷级 UO_2的 AUC 粉末。由它还原制成的 UO_2粉末,具有较高的松装密度和流动性,可以不经制粒而直接压制成型,并烧结成密度达到(95±1)%T.D.的二氧化铀陶瓷芯块。     

二氧化铀粉末的制备—粗颗粒ADU沉淀中间工厂实验

叙述了中间工厂实验制备陶瓷级二氧化铀粉末的粗颗粒ADU沉淀过程。沉淀条件例如氨铀比,铀浓度,氨水浓度,温度,加料速度等影响着ADU颗粒尺寸和微观结构以及其后UO_2粉末的性质。实验结果表明,当ADU聚集颗粒尺寸为5～8μm时,热解和还原后获得2～4μm的UO_2粉末,容积密度大于1.4g/cm~3,比表面积大于3.5m~2/g。不经研磨,直接压制成型和烧结,烧结块密度达98%T.D.。     

氮化铀粉末合成工艺研究

氮化铀燃料制备的关键技术之一是纯度高、烧结活性好的氮化铀粉末合成工艺技术.本文开展了以三碳酸铀酰胺(AUC)流程制备的高活性氧化铀粉末和高纯度的碳黑为主要原材料,采用碳热还原-氮化反应合成氮化铀粉末的工艺研究,初步考察了碳铀摩尔比、反应气氛以及反应温度和时间等对合成产物成分的影响.实验结果表明,采用适当的碳铀摩尔比(2.3～2.4)以及反应制度可以制备出较高纯度的氮化铀粉末.     

二氧化铀粉末的制备—粗颗粒ADU沉淀中间工厂实验

叙述了中间工厂实验制备陶瓷级二氧化铀粉末的粗颗粒ADU沉淀过程。沉淀条件例如氨铀比,铀浓度,氨水浓度,温度,加料速度等影响着ADU颗粒尺寸和微观结构以及其后UO_2粉末的性质。实验结果表明,当ADU聚集颗粒尺寸为5～8μm时,热解和还原后获得2～4μm的UO_2粉末,容积密度大于1.4g/cm~3,比表面积大于3.5m~2/g。不经研磨,直接压制成型和烧结,烧结块密度达98％T.D.。     

CCl_(4)和HCl气体氯化铀氧化物北大核心CSCD

分别以CCl_(4)和HCl气体作为氯化试剂,进行了铀氧化物(主要为U_(3)O_(8))的氯化机理和各影响因素研究。以CCl_(4)为氯化试剂对U_(3)O_(8)粉末进行氯化,通过热重分析研究了氯化反应过程的机理及动力学行为,氯化产物主要为UCl_(4)。同时研究了CCl_(4)对不同种类和形态铀氧化物的氯化,UO_(2)芯块由于结构致密很难进行氯化,UO_(2)粉末和UO_(3)粉末很容易被CCl_(4)氯化,产物分别为UCl_(4)和UCl_(6)。以HCl气体为氯化试剂对LiCl-KCl熔盐中的U_(3)O_(8)粉末进行氯化,研究了反应温度、氯化时间、HCl气体流速、U_(3)O_(8)粉末投料量以及铀氧化物种类和形态的影响。结果表明,提高反应温度、延长反应时间、提高HCl气体流速,有利于氯化率的提高。推荐HCl气体氯化U_(3)O_(8)粉末的工艺参数为:氯化反应温度为500℃、HCl气体流速为0.6 L/min。     

烧结UO2生产所用原料微观形貌的电镜分析

一、引言在压水堆陶瓷型核燃料烧结UO_2芯块的制造工艺中,采用活性UO_2粉末作原料,经压制、烧结等过程制成UO_2芯块。应用AMRAY-1000B型扫描电镜(美国制造)跟踪所用UO_2、U_2O_8、ADU、AUC等原料,进行微观形貌观察并纪录照相。生产实践表明,所选用原料颗粒多为球形,球化率≥80%,粒度为0.1—20 μm,而且膨松多孔,多维堆积时比表面大,活性高,烧结UO_2芯块成品率高,是压制烧结的理想原料。尽管如此,成品率并不稳定。在活性UO_2粉末原料中按比例添加U_3O_8(UO_2与U_3O_8重量比为9:1)后,压制烧结成的UO_2芯块,成品率高而且稳定。     

Comparison between FEM and high heat flux thermal fatigue testing results of ITER divertor plasma facing mock-ups

The divertor is one of the most challenging components of “DEMO” the next step ITER machine, so many tasks regarding modeling and experiments have been made in the past years to assess manufacturing processes, materials and thus the life-time of the components. In this context the finite element analysis (FEA) allows designers to explore multiple design options, to reduce physical prototypes and to optimize design performance.The comparison between the hydraulic thermal-mechanical analysis performed by ANSYS WORKBENCH 14.5 and the test results [1] on small-scale mock-ups manufactured with the Hot Radial Pressing (HRP) [2] technology is presented in this paper.During the thermal fatigue testing in the Efremov TSEFEY facility to assess the heat flux load-carrying capability of the mock-ups, only the surface temperature was measured, so the FEA was important because it allowed to know any other information (temperature inside the materials, local water temperature, local stress, etc.). FEA was performed coupling the thermal-hydraulic analysis, that calculated the temperature distributions on the components and the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) between water and heat sink tube, with the mechanical analysis.The comparison between analysis and testing results was based on the temperature maps of the loaded surface and on number of the cycles supported during the testing and those predicted by the mechanical analysis using the experimental fatigue curves for CuCrZr-IG, that is the structural material in the component. Also the behavior for Cu-OFHC interlayer material based on the experimental fatigue curves was considered and the ultimate tensile strength for W, because their failure affects the heat removal capability of the component.The good correlation found between FEA results and testing campaign validated again the use of FEA itself for future design improved concepts.     

He冷却试验包层模块的热-力耦合分析

试验包层模块(TBM)是国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)的关键核心组件,其设计涉及多学科综合优化分析.本文介绍了He冷却固态增殖试验包层的设计概念,并应用热功耦合模拟方法对所提出的包层概念模型的热力响应特性进行分析.结果表明,包层内部各区域的最大温度值和最大应力值均未超过材料容许的限值,所提出的包层设计概念在正常运行工况下是安全可靠的.     

锆基MOFs材料Zr-CAU-24对Th(Ⅳ)和Ce(Ⅳ)的吸附性能研究

本文采用溶剂热法合成了微孔结构的锆基金属-有机框架(MOFs)材料Zr-CAU-24,该材料比表面积为1 610 m²/g。对所合成的Zr-CAU-24进行了热重分析(TGA)和辐照稳定性测试,考察了接触时间、初始pH值等对Zr-CAU-24对Th(Ⅳ)和Ce(Ⅳ)吸附性能的影响,并探讨了Zr-CAU-24对Th(Ⅳ)和Ce(Ⅳ)吸附过程的动力学和热力学。结果表明：Zr-CAU-24具有良好的热稳定性和辐照稳定性;准二级动力学模型为Th(Ⅳ)和Ce(Ⅳ)在Zr-CAU-24上的吸附过程提供了很好的解释,即该过程为化学吸附过程;Zr-CAU-24活性位点分布均匀,为单层吸附;混合金属离子溶液吸附研究发现,Zr-CAU-24对Th(Ⅳ)和Ce(Ⅳ)具有吸附选择性。     

Adsorption of Th(Ⅳ) and Ce(Ⅳ) on Zirconium Based Metal-organic Framework Zr-CAU-24

In this paper, zirconium based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) Zr-CAU-24 was successfully prepared by using solvothermal method, which was one kind of zirconium based MOFs. Zr-CAU-24 has nanoporous structure with BET specific surface area of 1 610 m²/g. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and irradiation stability test were conducted. Taking Zr-CAU-24 as adsorbent, the adsorption characteristics of Th(Ⅳ) and Ce(Ⅳ) on Zr-CAU-24 were investigated through static adsorption experiments. The effects of contact time, initial pH on Th(Ⅳ) and Ce(Ⅳ) adsorption by Zr-CAU-24 were investigated respectively, and the kinetics and thermodynamics were investigated. The results indicate that Zr-CAU-24 has good thermal stability and irradiation stability. The quasi-second-order model provides a good explanation for the adsorption process of Th(Ⅳ) and Ce(Ⅳ) on Zr-CAU-24, which is a chemical adsorption process. The active site of Zr-CAU-24 is evenly distributed, and the adsorption is a single layer adsorption. Through the study of selective adsorption of mixed metal ions on Zr-CAU-24, it is found that Zr-CAU-24 has the adsorption selectivity for Th(Ⅳ) and Ce(Ⅳ).     

Stabilization of polypropylene, polypropylene blends with poly (styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) under irradiation: A comparative investigation

The aim of this paper is to investigate the stabilization of polypropylene in the poly (styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (SEBS)/polypropylene (PP) blends under irradiation with respect to PP. The PP films, SEBS/PP films were subjected to electron beam irradiation and characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). It demonstrated that upon irradiation, the molecular weight of PP had a pronounced decrease due to the major chain scission, and the minor chain cross-linking or chain branching occurred at the higher irradiation dose. Stabilization of PP was improved in the presence of SEBS, exhibiting an enhanced irradiation resistance.     

Thermal properties of polycrystalline NdN bulk samples with various porosities

Neodymium mononitride (NdN) pellets with various porosities were prepared by a spark plasma sintering (SPS). The thermal expansion, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity were measured and compared with those of uranium mononitride (UN), because NdN exists in the irradiated nitride fuels. The thermal expansion and specific heat capacity of NdN were very similar to those of UN. The thermal conductivity of the porosity-free NdN was estimated from the porosity dependence of the thermal conductivity. Unlike the case of the thermal conductivity of UN, that of NdN decreased with increasing temperature.     

Numerical study of self-heating effects of small-size MOSFETs fabricated on silicon-on-aluminum nitride substrate

1 Introduction Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology possesses many advantages over bulk silicon technology such as the reduction of parasitic capacitance, excellent sub-threshold slope, elimination of latch up, and resis-tance to radiation.[1] Hence, it is preferred for high-speed, high-temperature, and low-power micro-electronic devices. SOI MOS devices employ a thin layer of insulating material, usually made of silicon dioxide, to electrically insulate the device from the bulk of the sem…     

Elemental and proximate analysis of coal by x-ray fluorescence assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Although laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), as a fast on-line analysis technology, has great potential and competitiveness in the analysis of chemical composition and proximate analysis results of coal in thermal power plants, the measurement repeatability of LIBS needs to be further improved due to the difficulty in controlling the stability of the generated plasmas at present. In this paper, we propose a novel x-ray fluorescence (XRF) assisted LIBS method for high repeatability analysis of coal quality, which not only inherits the ability of LIBS to directly analyze organic elements such as C and H in coal, but also uses XRF to make up for the lack of stability of LIBS in determining other inorganic ash-forming elements. With the combination of elemental lines in LIBS and XRF spectra, the principal component analysis and the partial least squares are used to establish the prediction model and perform multi-elemental and proximate analysis of coal. Quantitative analysis results show that the relative standard deviation (RSD) of C is 0.15%, the RSDs of other elements are less than 4%, and the standard deviations of calorific value, ash content, sulfur content and volatile matter are 0.11 MJ kg−1, 0.17%, 0.79% and 0.41% respectively, indicating that the method has good repeatability in determination of coal quality. This work is helpful to accelerate the development of LIBS in the field of rapid measurement of coal entering the power plant and on-line monitoring of coal entering the furnace.     

Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)材料的制备及其对铀的吸附性能北大核心CSCD

为设计一种对U(Ⅵ)具有较高吸附容量和较高选择性的吸附材料,采用石墨相氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))与磷酸二氢铵作为原料,通过热共聚法制备P-C_(3)N_(4),再利用磷酸氢二钠与硝酸银通过原位共沉淀法制备Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)复合吸附材料。吸附实验结果表明,Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)复合吸附材料在室温下对U(Ⅵ)的吸附容量达到524.6 mg/g;在溶液中同时存在Na^(+)、K^(+)、Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)、Sr^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Ni^(2+)和Co^(2+)等竞争离子时,对U(Ⅵ)的吸附分配系数达到6.13×10^(3)mL/g。XPS分析结果表明,Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)复合吸附材料中的含N和含P官能团可能参与U(Ⅵ)吸附过程。因此,Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)复合吸附材料是一种对U(Ⅵ)具有较高吸附容量和较高选择性的吸附材料。     

239Pu(nth,f)短寿命裂变产物产额测量

采用γ能谱相对测量方法,以97Zr为内标参考核素,完成了239Pu(nth,f)短寿命裂变产物88 Rb、95 Y、101 Mo、101 Tc、138 Csg、142 La等核素的累积产额测量。实验测得88 Rb、95 Y、101 Mo、101 Tc、138 Csg、142 La的累积产额数据分别为(1.32±0.05)%、(4.69±0.22)%、(6.13±0.32)%、(6.10±0.22)%、(6.24±0.24)%、(4.74±0.17)%。对高纯锗探测器中高能端效率刻度、样品封装与辐照、γ谱测量几何条件设计、γ谱测量与数据分析进行了研究。实验测量裂变产物核素分别位于非对称裂变质量分布双驼峰曲线轻峰的左侧、中部和右侧,重峰的中部与右侧。