液滴蒸发实验装置相似性设计

分析急冷器的操作工况,根据关键相似准数相等的原理建立了实验模型.推导出了实验所需要的操作参数的计算公式,并计算得出实验模型的关键尺寸及流速和温度等操作参数.在此基础上设计了实验装置,并详细介绍了实验装置各系统的设计原理和操作方法.     

油页岩沸腾炉燃烧效率的数学模型

有机碳燃烧效率是沸腾炉燃烧过程中重要的操作参数之一。本文利用茂名油页岩燃烧的实验结果及工业沸腾炉的现场操作数据，通过油页岩在炉内的停留时间分布函数和燃烧动力学参数，建立了定量评价沸腾炉燃烧效率的数学模型，利用该模型考察了沸腾炉的运转情况。结果表明，理论计算值和实验结果吻合良好。     

国产200MW机组四角切圆燃烧炉膛停留时间分布的小模型实验测定及其应用

为了配合以理想反应器网络反映流动影响的炉内燃烧－传热综合模型的开发与应用，对一典型的国产２００ＭＷ机组的煤粉炉膛进行了停留时间分布的水模型实验测定，并以此确定了不同类型理想反应器在炉内的容积比例，为综合模型提供了计算所需的网络参数。实验测定结果用于台ＨＧ６７０／１４０－５型四角切圆燃烧锅炉炉膛传热的数值计算，得到了良好的结果。     

国产200MW机组四角切圆燃烧炉膛停留时间分布的水模型实验测定及其应用

为了配合以理想反应器网络反映流动影响的炉内燃烧－传热综合模型的开发与应用，对一典型的国产２００ＭＷ机组的煤粉炉膛进行了停留时间分布的水模型实验测定，并以此确定了不同类型理想反应器在炉内的容积比例，为综合模型提供了计算所需的网络参数。实验测定结果用于１台ＨＧ６７０／１４０－５型四角切圆燃烧锅炉炉膛传热的数值计算，得到了良好的结果。图８参８     

太湖山丘区典型小流域AnnAGNPS模型数据库建立研究

以太湖流域山丘区宜兴梅林小流域为例,采用物理机理模型 AnnAGNPS与ArcView交互界面获得模型运行所需的地理参数,并将较易获得的数据转换成模型所需气象、土壤、作物等参数形式,建立了模型运用数据库,可供类似研究借鉴.     

发动机的动态模型及其调速仿真应用

建立柴油机动态模型及对调速过程进行仿真，是柴油机实现电控的基础性工作。针对柴油机电子调速器参数整定实验量大且参数影响规律性不强的特点，本文建立了发动机运行过程的动态物理模型。利用该模型可分析各参数对发动机控制的影响进行仿真，并利用仿真的结果指导6105Q柴油机数字式电子调速器的参数整定实验。实验结果表明，该模型能够满足电子调速器参数仿真的要求。     

基于模型的5 kW SOFC系统操作参数寻优

为延长固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的寿命、提高系统性能，以5 kW平板式SOFC系统为研究对象，在满足功率需求和温度约束的条件下，探究其通过寻优最佳的操作参数组合以实现最高的系统效率。首先采用模块化建模方法，基于工作机理建立SOFC独立发电系统的模型。其次，基于所建立的系统模型，通过定义4个操作参数，并结合系统的热电约束，形成SOFC系统效率优化问题。针对该优化问题，提出一种结合元启发式优化算法的两级优化方案，即将操作参数按照对SOFC系统的影响分为两级，对第一级操作参数进行离散取值，对第二级操作参数采用麻雀搜索算法进行优化。结果表明，所提优化方案可获得全局最优操作点，使SOFC系统满足功率需求和温度约束条件且系统效率达到最优。     

部分煤气化炉的热力学数学模型

在考虑部分煤气化炉操作条件、气化剂、脱硫剂影响的基础上，引入了部分煤气化炉能量转化系数(而不是碳转化率)的概念，运用能量平衡、质量平衡、化学平衡方程建立了通用的与炉型无关的部分气化炉热力学数学模型，用于预测部分气化炉出口的煤气成份、产量、热值和所需气化剂的量。模型计算结果与实际数据相符，满足实际工程精度需要，并利用该模型计算分析了不同操作条件对部分气化炉产物的影响，模型计算的煤气成分及热值变化与实际及理论相一致。图14表3参7     

光伏系统用铅酸蓄电池的充电状态模型

根据电化学基本理论，建立了铅酸蓄电池的充电状态模型，并通过不同温度条件下的过充实验得到了模型中三个参数Ｋｉ、Ｋｕ、Ｋｔ的值。该模型经实验表明，充电状态的计算结果和实验结果吻合得很好，证实该模型是可行的和有效的。     

水蒸汽流化下煤热解气化中污染物释放与脱硫综合模型及参数识别方法研究

本文在流态化模型、热解模型、硫化氢与脱硫剂气固反应等单一过程模型基础上，建立了水蒸汽流化条件下煤热解气化过程中污染物释放与脱硫综合模型，分析了模型计算结果，并对当实验数据含有相关随机误差时的参数识别方法进行了考察，为实验装置设计和测量系统的选择提供了依据。     

Comparative study of some experimental methods to characterize the combustion process in a SI engine

Seven common methods based on in-cylinder data, usually applied to determine the combustion parameters (ignition delay and combustion duration), are compared using in-cylinder data provided from a natural gas spark ignition engine operating under lean conditions. The influence of three engine operating parameters: spark advance, throttle opening and fuel/air equivalence ratio, on combustion parameters are tested using every method and the results are compared. The application of these methods on average and individual cycles is also performed. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are presented and discussed. Some methods can be used only for the ignition delay determination. A comparison with a motor-cycle, so a specific experimental device, is necessary for three methods. Others are very sensitive to noise, or can be used only in some restricted area of engine operating conditions. One method needs calculations based on several experimental assumptions.     

An investigation of engine performance parameters and artificial intelligent emission prediction of hydrogen powered car

With the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the potential consequences of climate change due to fossil fuel use, much effort has been put into the search for alternative fuels for transportation. Although there are several potential alternative fuels, which have low impact on the environment, none of these fuels have the ability to be used as the sole “fuel of the future”. One fuel which is likely to become a part of the over all solution to the transportation fuel dilemma is hydrogen. In this paper, The Toyota Corolla four cylinder, 1.8 l engine running on petrol is systematically converted to run on hydrogen. Several ancillary instruments for measuring various engine operating parameters and emissions are fitted to appraise the performance of the hydrogen car. The effect of hydrogen as a fuel compares with gasoline on engine operating parameters and effect of engine operating parameters on emission characteristics is discussed. Based on the experimental setup, a suite of neural network models were tested to accurately predict the effect of major engine operating conditions on the hydrogen car emissions. Predictions were found to be ±4% to the experimental values. This work provided better understanding of the effect of engine process parameters on emissions.     

新型除污节水喷枪的模拟与实验研究

通过对新型除污节水喷枪不同结构模型的数值模拟和实验研究,分析了不同尺寸、不同工作压力等参数下气水流量及空泡率的变化规律,并实验对比了除污节水能力。研究表明,在一定工况下,新型除污节水喷枪存在一个节水节能最佳效果的结构参数。在结构参数固定时,存在一个工作压力使工作性能最佳。相同工况下,新型除污节水喷枪比单相喷枪除污能力更佳,节水性能较好。     

Online voltage consistency prediction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using a machine learning method

Widely acknowledged by experts, the inconsistency between the cells of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack during operation is an important cause of the fuel cell life decay. Existing studies mainly focus on qualitative analysis of the effects of operating parameters on fuel cell stack consistency. However, there is currently almost no quantitative research on predicting the voltage consistency through operating parameters with machine learning methods. To solve this problem, a three-dimensional model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with five single cells is established in this paper. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method is used to provide the source data for prediction model. After predicting the voltage consistency with several machine learning methods and comparing the accuracy through simulation data, the integrated regression method based on Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) gets the highest score (0.896) and is proposed for quickly predicting the consistency of cell voltage through operating parameters. After verifying the GBDT method with the experimental data from the fuel cell stack of SUNRISE POWER, in which the accuracy score is 0.910, the universality and accuracy of the method is confirmed. The influencing sensitivity of each operating parameter is evaluated and the current density has the greatest influence on the predicted value, which accounts for 0.40. The prediction of voltage consistency under different combination of operating parameters can guide the optimization of structural parameters in the process of the fuel cell design and operating parameters in the process of fuel cell control.     

加压导向管喷动流化床气化炉气体扩散规律研究

采用CO2作为示踪气体在内径200mm，高5m的全尺寸加压导向管喷动流化床中对床内气体扩散特性进行了研究，主要考察了操作参数（喷动气流率，流化气流率，操作压力，颗粒粒径和物性参数）对床内气体扩散的影响，归纳了喷动气旁路份额和流化气旁路份额随操作参数影响的试验关联式，可作为工程设计计算和实际操作的参考。     

Modelling and experimental verification of the operating current of mono-crystalline photovoltaic modules using four- and five-parameter models

This article presents the modelling and experimental verification of the operating current of a 120 W of mono-crystalline photovoltaic module using four- and five-parameter analytical models. The southern part of Turkey, where the experimental system is mounted, is particularly well suited to photovoltaic installations. The operating current of the photovoltaic module, calculated from the models, is validated based on a series of experimental measurements. As well as the current and voltage of the photovoltaic module, the environmental variables such as ambient temperature and solar irradiance were measured and used for validation of the operating current. The photovoltaic cell models considered in this article are drawn from the equivalent electrical circuit that includes light-generated current, diode reverse saturation current, and series and shunt resistances. The simplified four-parameter model assumes the shunt resistance as infinite and thus neglects it. After determining the model parameters, the operating current is calculated using both models and compared to the measured current produced by the photovoltaic module. It is shown that the complete five-parameter model predicts the operating current better than the simplified four-parameter model, especially around solar noon, when most of the power is produced.     

Structural optimization and experimental investigation of supersonic ejectors for boosting low pressure natural gas

The supersonic ejector was introduced into boosting the production of low pressure natural gas wells. The energy of high pressure gas wells, which was usually wasted through choke valves, was used as its power supply to boost the low gas production. The operating performance of natural gas ejectors was determined not only by the operating parameters but also by the structural parameters. This study focused on the structural optimization and operating performance of natural gas ejectors. The optimal structural parameters were obtained by numerical simulation when the maximum pressure ratio was obtained, and the numerical results were validated by experimental investigation. The numerical results showed that the optimal diameter ratio of mixing tube to primary nozzle throat was 1.6, the optimal length to diameter ratio of mixing tube was 4.0 and the optimal inclination angle of mixing chamber was 28°. The entrainment ratios and pressure ratios from the numerical simulation agreed well with the field experimental data, with the maximum value of pressure ratio up to 60%. The operating performance of the supersonic ejector was also investigated by the field experiment, and the results showed that the induced gas flowrate and entrainment ratio showed nonlinear characteristics with peak values when the motive pressure ranged from 8 MPa to 13 MPa. These experimental results have proved the optimized structural parameters of the supersonic ejector. The investigation will help to the further application in boosting natural gas production of supersonic ejector.