N-乙酰基-1-氧杂-4-氮杂-螺[4,5]癸烷的合成与表征

用乙醇胺和环己酮为原料,脱水缩合得到1-氧杂-4-氮杂-螺[4,5]癸烷,再经过与乙酰氯的酰化反应制得标题化合物,产率分别为69.1%和63.5%.产物的结构经1HNMR、IR和元素分析表征.     

10-(异丙基-2-醇)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物的合成

以9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)和丙酮为原料,合成10-(异丙基-2-醇)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物。考察了原料摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对产物收率的影响。结果表明,较优工艺条件为:n(丙酮)∶n(DOPO)=12∶1,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为30 min时,DOPO的转化率为99%,目标产物收率为90%。     

3,5-二硝基-1-氧杂-3,5-二氮杂环己烷的分离、热分解及硝解机理分析

为掌握乌洛托品的硝解机理,研究了直接法硝解乌洛托品制备黑索今(RDX)的废水。实验通过乙酸乙酯萃取富集废水中的副产物,水洗至中性,浓缩,用薄层色谱法分析,展开系统为:丙酮/二氯甲烷/冰乙酸=1/6/0.1。采用硅胶柱柱层析法分离,丙酮/二氯甲烷梯度洗脱,分离得到两种物质,一种物质通过熔点、红外、核磁比对确认为1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三氮杂环己烷(RDX);另一种物质采用红外光谱、核磁、质谱、元素分析及单晶衍射等分析方法进行结构表征,认定其为3,5-二硝基-1-氧杂-3,5-二氮杂环己烷。用DSC-TG技术研究了3,5-二硝基-1-氧杂-3,5-二氮杂环己烷热行为,结果表明该化合物是一种熔点低、热稳定性好的化合物,对主要副产物的分离和结构鉴定为直接法硝解反应机理提供了可靠的实验依据。     

1-氮杂-2-甲氧基-1-环庚烯的无溶剂合成

以己内酰胺和硫酸二甲酯为原料,在无溶剂条件下合成了1-氮杂-2-甲氧基-1-环庚烯,考察了反应时间、反应温度、反应物配比等对反应收率的影响。结果表明:当反应物n(己内酰胺)∶n(硫酸二甲酯)=1∶1时,80℃反应2h,反应生成1-氮杂-2-甲氧基-1-环庚烯己内酰胺的收率72.3%。     

2,8,9-三氧杂-5-氮杂-1-硅双环[3,3,3]-十一碳烷-3-酮类化合物的合成

具有五配位键的有机硅化合物—杂氮硅三环(silatrane),由于具有独特的生物活性和分子结构,正日益引起人们的兴趣。对一般杂氮硅三环的合成方法及其物理化学性质的报导甚多,但对环上带有羰基的另一类杂氮硅三环(2,8,9-三氧杂-5-氮杂-1-硅双环[3,3,3]十一碳烷-3-酮)的合成的报导直到目前只见到一篇。这类化合物的结构如下:     

除草剂解毒剂N-二氯乙酰基-2-甲基-1-氧杂-4-氮杂-螺[4.4]壬烷的合成

以33%的氢氧化钠水溶液为缚酸剂,异丙醇胺、环戊酮和二氯乙酰氯为原料,采用“一锅法”合成了N-二氯乙酰基-2-甲基-1-氧杂-4-氮杂-螺[4.4]壬烷,采用正交实验法得到最佳反应条件：反应原料摩尔比为1∶1∶1.2,苯作溶剂,反应的温度为-15℃～-10℃,搅拌时间为3h,产率达到50.0%。并采用UV、IR、1HNMR和MS对该化合物的结构进行了表征。     

10-（异丙基．2-醇）-9，10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物的合成

以9,10-二氢-9．氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）和丙酮为原料,合成10-（异丙基-2-醇）-9,10-二氢．9-氧杂．10．膦杂菲．10-氧化物。考察了原料摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对产物收率的影响。结果表明,较优工艺条件为：n（丙酮）：n（DOPO）=12：1,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为30min时,DOPO的转化率为99％,目标产物收率为90％。     

1,5-苯并硫氮杂-α氨基-β-内酰胺的合成

甘氨酸和邻苯二甲酸酐反应 ,首先得到邻苯二甲酰基保护的甘氨酰氯 ,继而和 1 ,5 -苯并硫氮杂在三乙胺的存在下作用 ,得到 6个 1 ,5 -苯并硫氮杂 -α氨基 -β-内酰胺衍生物。所有产物的结构均经 1H NMR、IR、MS、和元素分析验证     

5-溴-7-氮杂吲哚的合成工艺研究

以7-氮杂吲哚为原料,经氢化还原、溴化和脱氢等三步反应,制备了5-溴-7-氮杂吲哚;研究了氢化还原和溴化反应的工艺条件。较佳工艺条件:1氢化还原,反应压力为4 MPa,反应温度为95℃,反应时间12 h,溴化,7-氮杂吲哚啉和溴素的摩尔比为1∶1.15,总收率74.7%。     

3-(1-芳砜烷基)-7-氮杂吲哚化合物的合成

7-氮杂吲哚化合物和其衍生物普遍存在于天然产物和生物活性分子中,在各种各样的7-氮杂吲哚衍生物中,3-(1-芳砜烷基)-7-氮杂吲哚化合物已经被证明拥有广泛的药理活性。本文以一种简单高效的方式合成了一系列的3-(1-芳砜烷基)-7-氮杂吲哚化合物,为以后这类化合物的进一步研究打下基础。     

酿酒酵母钙通道膜蛋白单克隆抗体制备及鉴定

以酿酒酵母电压门控钙通道膜蛋白（Cch1p）、牵张敏感性钙通道膜蛋白（Mid1p）和瞬时受体电位钙通道膜蛋白（Yvc1p）为研究材料，制备其单克隆抗体。采用生物信息学方法确定3种膜蛋白抗原表位，根据分析结果克隆抗原基因，并进行原核表达和表达产物分析鉴定，通过Ni²⁺-NTA树脂亲和层析技术获得重组抗原蛋白，免疫小鼠后细胞融合技术制备单克隆抗体，酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测抗体效价，免疫印迹技术检测单克隆抗体对重组纯化抗原和天然酿酒酵母钙通道膜蛋白的反应性和特异性。生物信息学分析结果表明，Cch1p、Mid1p和Yvc1p抗原表位可能分别位于1~300位氨基酸残基、359~548位氨基酸残基、1~236位氨基酸残基；克隆目的基因条带大小分别为926bp、570bp和708bp，与预期结果一致；原核表达抗原蛋白分子量分别为60000、25000和30000，Western blot检测条带正确；重组纯化抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠，细胞融合技术制备单克隆抗体，ELISA检测显示单克隆抗体效价分别高达1∶256000、1∶128000和1∶64000，Western blot检测到3种重组纯化抗原和天然酿酒酵母钙通道膜蛋白Cch1p、Mid1p和Yvc1p。这些结果说明本文制备的单克隆抗体可以成功用于检测酿酒酵母钙通道膜蛋白Cch1p、Mid1p和Yvc1p表达的相关研究。     

甲型H1N1流感病毒实时荧光PCR诊断试剂盒的制备

目的制备甲型H1N1流感病毒实时荧光PCR诊断试剂盒,并进行验证。方法采用磁珠法从甲型H1N1流感疑似患者咽拭子样品中提取病毒RNA,逆转录合成cDNA。根据NCBI最新公布的大流行甲型H1N1流感病毒(2009)基因序列,设计针对编码基质蛋白M基因的引物和探针,检测甲型流感病毒;设计针对血凝素(HA)基因和神经氨酸酶(NA)基因特异性的引物和探针,检测甲型H1N1流感病毒;同时针对人的RNaseP基因设计用于内部控制的引物和探针。所有探针均为Taqman探针,5'端标记FAM,3'端标记BHQ1。对最佳荧光PCR反应条件进行优化,在此基础上组装成甲型H1N1流感病毒实时荧光PCR诊断试剂盒,对其特异性、灵敏度、精密性和稳定性进行验证。与市售试剂盒的检测结果进行对比,并对63份临床甲型H1N1流感疑似患者咽拭子样品进行检测。结果设计的PCR引物及探针能对甲型H1N1流感病毒进行准确检测,与流感病毒的其他型和亚型无交叉反应;试剂盒的灵敏度为0.004个血凝素单位;试验内变异系数小于2.5%,批间变异系数小于5%;试剂盒放置-20℃保存,稳定性良好;检测20份甲型H1N1流感疑似患者咽拭子样品的结果与市售试剂盒一致;检测63份流感疑似患者咽拭子样品,其中大流行甲型H1N1流感病毒阳性36份,普通甲型流感病毒阳性5份。结论所制备的甲型H1N1流感病毒实时荧光PCR诊断试剂盒具有较高的灵敏度、特异性、精密性和稳定性,可用于目前流行的甲型H1N1流感病毒的快速检测。     

Study of impact properties and morphology of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane cured epoxy resin toughened with acrylate‐based liquid rubbers

Randomized carboxyl poly(2‐ethylhexyl acrylate) (A‐1) and randomized epoxy poly(2‐ethylhexyl acrylate) (B‐1) rubbers were synthesized in the form of liquid rubber by a solution polymerization technique. The liquid rubbers A‐1 and B‐1 were characterized by ¹H NMR and IR spectroscopic analysis, non‐aqueous titration, viscosity measurements and gel permeation chromatography. The liquid rubbers A‐1 (M?_n = 3900 g mol^?1), B‐1 (M?_n = 4100 g mol^?1) and a (1:1) mixture of A‐1 and B‐1 were pre‐reacted with epoxy resin separately and the modified epoxy networks were made by curing with high temperature curing agent. The modified epoxy networks were evaluated by unnotched Izod impact testing. The morphology and toughening behaviour were analysed by scanning electron microscopy. Optimum properties were obtained with the mixture of A‐1 and B‐1. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

The Adipose Tissue-Derived Secretome (ADS) in Obesity Uniquely Induces L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) and mTOR Signaling in Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells

Obesity increases the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (BC). This risk is mediated by obesity-induced changes in the adipose-derived secretome (ADS). The pathogenesis of BC in obesity is stimulated by mTOR hyperactivity. In obesity, leucine might support mTOR hyperactivity. Leucine uptake by BC cells is through L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1). Our objective was to link obesity-ADS induction of LAT1 to the induction of mTOR signaling. Lean- and obese-ADS were obtained from lean and obese mice, respectively. Breast ADS was obtained from BC patients. Estrogen-receptor-positive BC cells were stimulated with ADS. LAT1 activity was determined by uptake of ³H-leucine. The LAT1/CD98 complex, and mTOR signaling were assayed by Western blot. The LAT1 antagonists, BCH and JPH203, were used to inhibit LAT1. Cell migration and invasion were measured by Transwell assays. The results showed obese-ADS-induced LAT1 activity by increasing transporter affinity for leucine. Consistent with this mechanism, LAT1 and CD98 expression were unchanged. Induction of mTOR by obese-ADS was inhibited by LAT1 antagonists. Breast ADS from patients with BMIs > 30 stimulated BC cell migration and invasiveness. Collectively, our findings show that obese-ADS induction of LAT1 supports mTOR hyperactivity in luminal BC cells.     

激活素受体相互作用蛋白1,2在小鼠脑神经细胞中的共表达

目的探讨激活素受体相互作用蛋白1(activin receptor-interaction protein 1,ARIP1)和ARIP2在小鼠脑神经细胞中的共表达。方法 RT-PCR法检测C57BL小鼠小脑、垂体、大脑、脾脏、心脏、肾脏、肝脏、胰腺组织中ARIP1和ARIP2基因mRNA的转录;以融合蛋白GST-ARIP1C和MBP-ARIP2C作为抗原免疫新西兰白兔,制备抗ARIP1和ARIP2抗体,经A蛋白亲和层析柱纯化后,ELISA法检测抗体的交叉反应;用制备的抗体,采用免疫组织化学染色检测ARIP1和ARIP2在小鼠脑组织中的表达;RT-PCR法检测小鼠神经母细胞瘤Neuro-2a细胞中激活素ⅡA型受体(activin receptorⅡA,ActRⅡA)、ARIP1和ARIP2基因mRNA的转录。结果在小鼠大脑、小脑及垂体组织中可见ARIP1基因mRNA的转录,在小鼠各部位组织中均可见ARIP2基因mRNA的转录;制备的兔抗ARIP1和ARIP2抗体无交叉反应;ARIP1和ARIP2在小鼠脑组织的海马和下丘脑同时表达;ActRIⅡA及ARIP1和ARIP2 mRNA在神经元样细胞系Neuro-2a细胞中共表达。结论 ARIP1和ARIP2可在小鼠脑神经细胞中共表达。     

Monoacylglycerols Activate Capsaicin Receptor, TRPV1

Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) is known as capsaicin (CAP) receptor and activated by CAP. Activation of TRPV1 by CAP increases energy expenditure and thermogenesis in rodents or human. Therefore, TRPV1 may be target for energy expenditure enhancement and thermogenesis. To search for novel TRPV1 agonist, we screened 19 types of foods by using TRPV1-expressing HEK293 cells. TRPV1 was activated by hexane extract of wheat flour, and its functional compounds were 1-monoacylglycerols containing oleic, linoleic, and alpha-linolenic acids. Their potencies (EC50) were about 50 times larger than that of CAP and their efficacies (maximal response) were about half of that of CAP. TRPV1 was activated by 1-monoacylglycerols (MGs) having C18 and C20 unsaturated and C8-C12 saturated fatty acid (FA). Moreover, 2-MGs having C18 and C20 unsaturated FA acted on TRPV1 with the same potency. On the other hand, no activation of TRPV1 was induced by MGs having C16 and C18 saturated FA, di- or triacylglycerols of C18:1 FA. Pain-relating aversive responses were induced when TRPV1-activating 1-monoacylglycerols (50 mM) was administered subcutaneously into rat hind paw. These effects were inhibited by the co-injection of capsazepine (10 mM) which is a TRPV1 competitive antagonist. These results suggested that these 1-monoacylglycerols activate TRPV1 in vitro and in vivo.     

2-取代苯并噻唑衍生物的结构确证

以2-取代苯并噻唑为原料,采用微波辐射方法合成了4种未见报道的2-取代苯并噻唑衍生物,通过熔点、紫外光谱、元素分析、IR光谱、1HNMR、MS等手段测定了4种化合物的结构.结果表明分子存在较大的共轭体系;1a与1b中存在羟基,2a与2b中不存在羟基,构成了1a、1b与2a、2b的明显区别;通过1HNMR确定了4种2-取代苯并噻唑衍生物中氢的归属;通过质谱等手段测定了4种化合物的结构,并对化合物的质谱碎片进行了确认.     

重组人γ-型干扰素单克隆抗体的鉴定

5株小鼠杂交瘤细胞ID5、1C10、1C11、3H9和6F8，所分泌抗重组人γ－型干扰素（rIFN－γ）单克隆抗体经双扩散试验证明其中4种为小鼠IgG1型，另一种为IgG2b型。用ELISA间接法测定小鼠腹水抗体效价为1：8000～1：128000。经免疫印迹试验证实5种单抗均能特异地识别rIFN－γ，其中1D5、3H9和1C11单抗对rIFN－γ具有中和活性，中和效价＞1：8000，用2种单抗建立的ELISA夹心法检测rIFN－γ，最低可测值为10．0ng／ml，且与白细胞介素－2，重组人α和β干扰素无交叉反应。     

胰高血糖素样肽-1在乙醇中的聚乙二醇修饰

以乙醇为溶剂,单甲氧基聚乙二醇琥珀酰亚胺碳酸酯(mPEG-SC)为修饰剂,对胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)进行了修饰反应条件的优化,同时对单修饰产物Mono-PEG-GLP-1进行分离纯化,并考察了其体外稳定性和体内活性. 得到的优化反应条件为：GLP-1浓度1 mg/mL, mPEG-SC与GLP-1摩尔比1:1, 37℃下反应24 h,该产物最高转化率达77%. 采用冷冻离心方式对Mono-PEG-GLP-1进行初步分离和浓缩,然后经反相液相色谱进一步高效纯化,纯度可达97%以上. 体外实验表明,Mono-PEG-GLP-1在血清中具有更好的稳定性及更强的抗胰蛋白酶消化能力. 体内动物实验表明,Mono-PEG-GLP-1具有更好的降血糖作用.