碳管分散程度对环氧树脂复合材料的摩擦磨损性能影响

采用浇铸法,制备多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料,利用M-200摩擦磨损试验机研究了MWNTs含量、分散时间及方式对环氧复合材料摩擦磨损性能影响,通过SEM、TEM分析试样磨损形貌表面、MWNTs分散程度。结果表明:碳纳米管添加量1.5%(质量分数)时,MWNTs/EP复合材料比环氧树脂摩擦因数降低17.8%,磨耗率降低91.7%;加入碳纳米管降低了复合材料粘着磨损与疲劳剥落;延长超声波时间及采用高功率超声波仪器能够有效提高碳纳米管分散程度,提高复合材料摩擦磨损性能。     

液相法制备CNTs/PP复合材料的摩擦性能

采用液相及热压成型法制备碳纳米管/聚丙烯复合材料,对其进行摩擦磨损测试,观察磨损表面形貌研究其摩擦机理。结果表明:超声分散可将2.0 wt%范围内的碳纳米管均匀分散在聚丙烯基体中,碳纳米管的加入可减小复合材料的摩擦系数、降低磨损率,有效地改善聚丙烯基复合材料的摩擦性能。当碳纳米管加入量为2.0wt%时,复合材料具有良好的摩擦性能:摩擦系数0.380、磨损率仅有3.47×10-8mm3/N·m,分别比聚丙烯降低了18.6%和57.7%。这主要归因于均匀分布的碳纳米管具有自润滑效应及良好的导热性,可有效地减小复合材料的摩擦系数,提高热稳定性,从而有效改善耐磨性;碳纳米管的添加使复合材料从粘着磨损转向磨粒磨损与疲劳磨损。     

聚苯酯填充聚四氟乙烯基超声电机转子摩擦材料性能研究

制备聚苯酯填充聚四氟乙烯基超声电机转子摩擦材料,探讨聚苯酯含量对聚四氟乙烯基摩擦材料力学和摩擦学性能以及对应超声电机性能的影响。结果表明:聚苯酯能够提高PTFE复合材料的硬度和弹性模量;随着聚苯酯含量的增加,复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损量均先减小后增大,在本文研究范围内,当聚苯脂质量分数为5%时,复合材料的摩擦因数最小,磨损量最低,且使用该复合材料时超声电机的堵转力矩和空载转速均较高,综合性能较优。     

高速剪切对碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料导电性能的影响

为提高碳纳米管在复合材料中的分散性,利用高速剪切分散工艺将碳纳米管分散于环氧树脂基体中制备碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了剪切时间和碳纳米管加入量对复合材料导电性能的影响.结果表明:剪切速率一定时,复合材料表面电阻率随剪切时间的增加而降低,但当剪切时间超过10min,对导电性能的影响不再明显;随着碳纳米管加入量的增加,复合材料导电性能提高,当碳纳米管的质量分数高于10%时,导电性能的变化趋于平缓.     

碳纳米管基膨润土润滑脂的制备及摩擦学性能研究

为制备摩擦学性能优良的多壁碳纳米管基膨润土润滑脂,采用油酸对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行修饰,在实验室自主设计的超声辅助球磨试验装置上,制备在PAO6中均匀稳定分散的多壁碳纳米管悬浮液,并以悬浮液为基础油制备MWCNTs增强的膨润土润滑脂。探讨不同分散方法(球磨分散、超声分散、超声和球磨分散)对多壁碳纳米管分散稳定性的影响,研究润滑脂的摩擦因数、磨斑直径随多壁碳纳米管质量分数的变化。实验结果表明:经油酸修饰的多壁碳纳米管在超声和球磨综合作用下分散稳定性最好;随多壁碳纳米管质量分数的增加,膨润土润滑脂的摩擦因数、磨斑直径先减小后增大,其中多壁碳纳米管质量分数为0.03%时,所制备的膨润土润滑脂摩擦学性能最佳,磨斑直径最小(0.690 mm),比美孚28号航空润滑脂(符合美国军方规格MIL-G81322C,磨斑直径0.807 mm)降低了14.5%。     

橡胶含量对混杂纤维增强橡胶基复合材料中低速摩擦学性能影响*

为探究橡胶含量对混杂纤维增强橡胶基复合材料中低速摩擦学性能的影响,在一种成熟橡胶基摩擦材料配方的基础上,通过调整配方中的橡胶含量,制备不同橡胶含量的混杂纤维增强橡胶基复合材料,对其进行力学性能、中低速下摩擦学性能进行测试,并通过观测不同试样摩擦表面的微观形貌,分析其摩擦磨损机制。结果表明：随着橡胶含量增加,复合材料的交联密度增大,复合材料硬度、密度呈先升高后降低的趋势;随着橡胶含量增加,复合材料的摩擦因数和摩擦因数稳定性呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势,质量磨损率呈先升高后降低的趋势;橡胶基复合材料在摩擦过程中存在黏着磨损和磨粒磨损,以黏着磨损为主。综合比较,橡胶质量分数为28%时,复合材料的摩擦因数适中、且动静摩擦因数接近,可有效抑制制动噪声产生。     

泥沙条件下改性复合材料减振降噪性能研究

为了改善水润滑轴承材料热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）的减振降噪性能,以TPU为基体、聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）为添加剂,通过物理共混的方式制备PTFE/TPU改性复合材料。在RTEC摩擦磨损实验机上模拟泥沙工况,对复合材料进行不同速度和载荷下的摩擦学试验,通过分析复合材料的力学性能、摩擦因数、表面形貌以及振动噪声行为,探讨其摩擦磨损规律与减振降噪性能。结果表明：复合材料的拉伸强度和邵氏硬度均随着PTFE含量的增加而先增加后降低,质量分数8%PTFE改性TPU复合材料表现出最好的力学性能;随着速度与载荷的增大,复合材料的摩擦因数逐渐增大,材料表面损伤、变形、剥落等严重损伤逐渐增多;与纯TPU相比,改性复合材料的摩擦磨损剧烈程度更低,摩擦因数的变化幅度较小且摩擦因数曲线相对光滑,材料微观表面的损伤更少;随着速度与载荷的增大,复合材料的振动响应与辐射噪声现象增大,振动与噪声信号的平均强度增大,频域上的频率分量增多,幅值分量增大,主频向高频转移;PTFE能够改善TPU的摩擦学性能,降低摩擦因数,同时赋予复合材料一定的减振降噪性能,并且效果在高速、高载荷下更为明显。     

纳米石墨/铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用粉末冶金和热压烧结的方法制备了纳米石墨/铝基复合材料,分析了纳米石墨加入量对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:纳米石墨的加入量为1%时,在基体中易于分散,可以显著降低复合材料的摩擦因数;但随着纳米石墨含量的增加,材料的磨损量也相应增大.     

基体成分对Fe_3Al基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用热压烧结法制备一种新型Fe3A l基复合材料,讨论基体成分对其摩擦学性能的影响。研究结果表明:本实验中,Fe3A l粉体的最佳球磨时间为60 h;随着A l含量提高,Fe3A l基复合材料的摩擦因数略有降低但耐磨性明显提高,合金元素Cr的加入有效地改善了材料的摩擦学性能,以Fe-28A l作为摩擦材料的基体即可很好地满足性能要求;Cu作为基体中的软相,摩擦因数随游离Cu含量的增加呈上升趋势但摩擦稳定性变差,且耐磨性降低,Cu含量的最佳范围为12%~18%(质量分数),随着石墨含量的增加,材料的摩擦因数和磨损率都下降,但石墨含量过高会导致材料性能恶化,石墨的最佳含量为8%~12%(质量分数)。     

石墨烯在水中的分散稳定性及其减摩性能研究

考察不同分散剂对石墨烯在水中的分散稳定性的影响,研究不同石墨烯含量、不同试验载荷和频率下石墨烯水溶液的减摩性能,分析石墨烯水溶液润滑下GCr15/45#钢摩擦副表面的形貌,初步探讨其减摩机制。结果表明,分散剂KH560和CTAB可以改善石墨烯在水中的稳定分散性能,而且能降低石墨烯水溶液的摩擦因数,随着分散剂含量的增加,石墨烯水溶液的摩擦因数呈降低的趋势;石墨烯水溶液的减摩性能与试验载荷、频率等因素有关,其中载荷对石墨烯水溶液的减摩性能影响较大;去离子水润滑时GCr15/45钢摩擦副表面摩擦机制为腐蚀磨损和磨粒磨损,石墨烯水溶液润滑时摩擦机制为磨粒磨损。     

Tribological properties of carbon-nanotube-reinforced copper composites

Tribological properties of carbon-nanotube-reinforced copper composites were investigated using a pin-on-disk test rig under dry conditions. The composites containing 4–16 vol% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were fabricated by a powder-metallurgy technique. The tests were carried out at normal loads between 10 and 50 N, and the effect of volume fraction of CNTs on tribological behavior of the composites was examined. The composites revealed a low coefficient of friction compared with the copper matrix alloy. Due to the effects of the reinforcement and reduced friction, the wear rate of the composites decreased with increasing volume fraction of CNTs at low and intermediate loads. The composites with a high volume fraction of CNTs exhibited high porosity and their wear resistance decreased under high-load conditions.     

碳纳米管直径对丁腈橡胶复合材料性能影响的分子模拟

利用分子动力学模拟研究碳纳米管(CNTs)直径改变时对丁腈橡胶(NBR)基体力学及摩擦学性能的影响。采用恒应变法考察不同复合材料模型的力学性能，结果表明复合材料力学性能随着NBR基体中CNTs直径增大呈现先增加后减小的趋势。剪切模拟结果表明，剪切后复合材料基体中分子链发生了不同程度的断裂，出现了聚合物分子链向摩擦界面聚集的现象，其中较大直径CNTs增强NBR复合材料中分子链相对完整连续，摩擦学性能改善效果更好。较大直径CNTs对NBR基体具有显著的增强效果，限制了NBR分子链的活动能力，更多的分子链聚集在CNTs周围，复合材料体系致密性及稳定性提高，从而改善了CNTs/NBR复合材料力学及摩擦学性能。其中直径(6,6)CNTs增强NBR复合材料具有更高的剪切模量，力学性能优异，表现出了更好的摩擦磨损性能。     

Effect of Carbon Nanotube Addition on Tribological Behavior of UHMWPE

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to improve the tribological properties of UHMWPE. CNTs which have a diameter of about 10–50 nm, while their length is about 3–5 nm were produced by the catalytic decomposition of acetylene gas using a tube furnace. Ball-on-disc-type wear tests were performed to evaluate the tribological performance of UHMWPE composites reinforced with CNTs. The results showed that addition of carbon nanotube up to 0.5 wt% lowered wear loss significantly and increased friction coefficient slightly. Also through the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the surfaces of UHMWPE were observed and analyzed to discuss the tribological behavior of CNT added UHMWPE.     

Tribological properties of carbon nanotube-doped carbon/carbon composites

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-doped carbon/carbon (C/C) composites were fabricated by the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method to investigate the effect of CNTs on tribological properties of C/C composites. CNTs, which had been synthesized by catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, were added to carbon fiber formed preforms before CVI process. Ring-on-block-type wear tests were performed to evaluate the frictional properties of CNT-doped C/C composites. Results show that CNTs can not only increase wear resistance of C/C composites but also maintain stable friction coefficients under different loads. Polarized light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that favorable effects of CNTs on tribological properties of C/C composites have been achieved indirectly by altering microstructure of pyrocarbons and directly by serving as high-strength lubricative frictional media at the same time. Electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses verify the existence of adhesive wear mechanism in both pure C/C composites and CNT-doped C/C composites albeit the two-body abrasive mechanism dominates in pure C/C composites.     

多壁碳纳米管改性UHMWPE的热膨胀和摩擦学性能研究

为了降低摩擦副用聚合物的热膨胀系数,用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)改性超高分子量聚乙烯(UHM-WPE),通过热压成型法制备MWCNTs/UHMWPE复合材料.通过测量电导率计算渗流阈值来表征分散性;用热膨胀仪(DIL)测试复合材料的热膨胀率,并在干摩擦环境下,测试不同MWCNTs含量复合材料的摩擦学性能.结果表明:通...     

Friction and Wear Behaviors of Two Kinds of Hydroxyl-Terminated Polydimethylsiloxane-Modified PU/EP IPN Composites Under Dry Sliding Conditions

In this study, a systematic investigation on the tribological properties of two kinds of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS)-modified castor oil-based polyurethane/epoxy resin (PU/EP) interpenetrating polymer network composites (IPN) was carried out through a pin-on-disk arrangement under dry sliding conditions. Experimental results revealed that the incorporation of HTPDMS can significantly improve the friction and wear properties of PU/EP IPN. Further, it was found that both the friction coefficient and wear loss decreased with increasing content of HTPDMS. The worn surface of the PU/EP IPN matrix and the modified composites were analyzed using scanning electron microscope and 3D noncontact surface-mapping profiler. The as-prepared and worn surfaces of the HTPDMS-modified PU/EP IPN were also investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanisms for the improvement of tribological properties were discussed.     

不同维度碳纳米颗粒对汽轮机油摩擦学性能的影响

为探究不同维度碳纳米颗粒对汽轮机油摩擦学性能的影响,用静置沉淀法评定汽轮机油中碳纳米颗粒分散稳定性,利用四球机和梯姆肯试验机以及扫描电子显微镜等试验装置评价3种常见维度的碳纳米颗粒(即零维的富勒烯(以C₆₀为代表)、一维的碳纳米管(CNTs)、二维的还原氧化石墨烯(RGO))在汽轮机油中减摩抗磨效果。结果表明:RGO在汽轮机油中表现出更好分散性,C60和CNTs分散稳定性较差,分子间易发生团聚沉淀;RGO在汽轮机油中减摩抗磨效果最为显著,质量分数0.015%的RGO可使汽轮机油最大无卡咬负荷提升52.38%,摩擦因数降低24.75%。     

Tribological Behavior of Carbon-Nanotube-Filled PTFE Composites

Carbon nanotube/polytetrafluoroethylene (CNT/PTFE) composites with different volume fractions were prepared and their friction and wear properties were investigated using a ring-on-block under dry conditions. It was found that CNTs signifi-cantly increased the wear resistance of PTFE composites and decreased their coefficient of friction. PTFE composites with 15–20 vol.% CNTs exhibited very high wear resistance. The significant improvements in the tribological properties of CNT/PTFE composites are attributed to the super-strong mechanical properties and the very high aspect ratio of CNTs. The CNTs greatly reinforce the structure of the PTFE-based composites and thereby greatly reduce the adhesive and plough wear of CNT/PTFE composites. The CNTs are released from the composite during sliding and transferred to the interface of the friction couples. They thus serve as spacers, preventing direct contact between the mating surfaces and thereby reducing both wear rate and friction coefficient.