V–I characteristics of solid polymer electrolytic (SPE) dehumidifier

Measurements of the V–I characteristics of a solid polymer electrolytic (SPE) dehumidifier were done using a modified SPE dehumidifier with four electrodes which included two electrodes to carry the main current and the other two electrodes to measure the voltages applied to the electrical double layer, which are the boundary voltages between the electrodes and the SPE membrane. The measured results were analyzed using the Butler-Volmer equation to examine the validity of the measurements. The current flowing in the dehumidifier is produced by the decomposition of water near the anode. Therefore, under a steady-state condition, the current should be proportional to the supply rate of water to the anode. On the other hand, a two-layer model for the SPE dehumidifier presented in our previous article showed that the current flowing in the dehumidifier was roughly proportional to the water content in the vicinity of the anode. These results were introduced for interpretation of the V–I measurements of the SPE dehumidifier. It was concluded that the dehumidifier current was expressed in the form of a Butler-Volmer equation as a function of the electrode boundary voltages which were the voltages across the boundary between the electrodes and the SPE membrane. An experimental formula for the current under a steady-state condition was developed as a function of the water content near the anode and the boundary voltages.     

内冷除湿器中热质交换过程的数值模拟与分析

介绍了一种板翅式内冷型除湿器,针对其运行特点建立了其除湿过程的数学模型。分析了除湿过程中除湿器内部溶液与空气的温度场分布以及空气含湿量的分布情况,对内冷除湿与绝热除湿进行了比较,分析了内冷对于溶液温度以及传质驱动势的影响。结果显示与绝热除湿相比内冷除湿可有效抑制溶液温升,但对于传质驱动势的影响并不大,在典型工况下,其溶液出口平均温度比绝热除湿的平均温度低4.83℃,而积分平均湿差仅比绝热除湿时高出0.38 g•kg^-1,约为3.2%。     

溶液除湿冷却系统的火用分析

基于热力学第二定律建立了针对溶液除湿系统的火用分析模型,重点分析了空气和溶液进口参数对溶液除湿器性能（除湿器火用效率）的影响,并且对采用LiCl的溶液除湿冷却系统进行了部件分析。结果表明：（1）除湿器的火用效率影响因素中,空气速度和空气湿度影响最大,其次是溶液的温度和浓度,而空气进口温度和溶液流速的影响基本可以忽略;（2）在整个系统中,溶液-热水换热器的火用损失最大,占24.5%,其次是溶液-溶液热回收器和冷水-溶液换热器,分别占24.4%和22.8%,可见减小换热器的火用损是提高系统火用效率的关键。此研究对于明确改进溶液除湿空调的方向有重要意义。     

溶液除湿器间歇运行的可行性研究

为解决溶液除湿器运行过程中的空气带液问题,提出一种送风过程和喷淋过程分开进行的除湿器间歇式运行的方法。建立了除湿器数值模型,通过实验数据和模拟数据对比,验证了模型的可行性,基于该模型,研究了溶液除湿器的填料静持液量、填料高度和空气入口参数对间歇运行系统除湿效果的影响;为保证间歇式运行满足除湿需求,且送风连续,设计了四种不同的送风制度,对不同送风制度的运行效果进行了模拟。结果表明,采用该间歇式溶液除湿方法时,应将填料静持液量控制在4.575~6.100 kg/kg范围内,填料高度控制在0.45~0.75 m范围内;该间歇运行方法能解决传统溶液除湿器运行时的空气带液问题;入口空气处于低温高湿状态(如温度为20℃,相对含湿量为95%),除湿效果最佳;并联交错送风制度运行除湿效果最佳,运行期间基本保持除湿率大于5 g/kg,能够持续送风且满足除湿需求。     

夹层玻璃合片工艺低湿空调设计方案

针对夹层玻璃合片工艺对低湿度环境参数的要求,通过对适用的除湿方法的分析探讨,确定了冷冻-吸附联合除湿的设计方案.同时通过实例介绍了系统新风量的确定及转轮除湿机的计算选型.     

Water transfer simulation of an electrolytic dehumidifier

A model for a dehumidifying device using a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (Nafion 117, Dupont) is proposed. The dehumidifier in the model is represented by a physical model composed of a two-layer membrane and electrodes on the membrane surfaces. Measurement of the membrane weight shows that the ratio of the water content of the membrane to humidity in the surrounding air is a function of temperature under equilibrium conditions. The results for the water ratio are used for determining the parameters required for the modeling. The electrical resistance of the dehumidifier was measured and is given as a function of temperature and the membrane water content. Simulation of the characteristics of the dehumidifying device is presented and the results are found to agree with the measured characteristics of the device. We also report an attempt to determine the parameters describing the dehumidifying processes.     

矿用救生舱除湿方式研究

根据我国煤矿现有条件及要求,对煤矿救生舱内除湿技术进行了研究。针对煤矿井下发生事故后的客观条件,从动力缺失、空间大小、简单易用等方面分析其对除湿系统的特殊要求。阐述并比较了冷凝除湿、液体吸收除湿、固体吸附除湿、热泵除湿这些常见除湿方式的优缺点,选用固体动态吸附除湿技术控制矿用救生舱内的湿度。     

热湿条件下溶液除湿空调的性能分析

基于温-湿度独立控制理论,结合热湿地区的气候特点,设计了复合型太阳能溶液除湿空调系统(CSLDAS),通过建立热质传递控制方程,模拟分析了CSLDAS的除湿/再生性能和运行能耗。结果表明,CSLDAS能够综合利用多种可再生能源,有效降低空调能耗,并可有效增强除湿器/再生器的除湿/再生能力,减小对太阳辐射强度的依赖。本研究可为溶液除湿空调在热湿地区的节能设计提供理论指导。     

Experimental investigation on compressed air drying performance using pressurized liquid desiccant

As a new compressed air-drying method, the compressed air dehumidification using a pressurized liquid desiccant was proposed in our previous study. The pressurized dehumidifier is a complex and core component of the drying system. The mass transfer performance between the compressed air and LiCl aqueous solution is experimentally studied in a counter-flow pressurized dehumidifier filled with structured packing. The humidity ratio of outlet compressed air, vapor removal of processed compressed air, moisture removal rate, and dehumidification efficiency were selected as the performance indices. The results show that the minimum humidity ratio of processed compressed air could reach 0.23 g/kg under 0.71 MPa. Compressed air-drying performance could be remarkably enhanced through increasing the air pressure and liquid desiccant inlet concentration while the influence of liquid desiccant temperature is negative. Furthermore, in order to ensure high compressed air-drying performance, reduce the power consumption of the air compressor and liquid desiccant pump, and the possibility of carryover, the optimum ratio of liquid to compressed air flow rate is recommended to be around 1.5 under pressure around 0.50 MPa. Meanwhile, the energy consumption for per-gram moisture removal of a liquid-desiccant-based compressed air-drying system can reach 1.42 kJ/g lower than cooling dehumidification under 0.3 MPa, which is 16.0% lower than a compressed air-cooling dehumidification system.     

溶液除湿能力强化

利用溶液除湿的制冷空调系统有着非常积极的节能意义,但与固体吸附除湿相比,溶液吸收除湿暴露了它除湿能力较差的缺点,这使它的应用普及受到了一定程度上的抑制。为了提高溶液除湿能力,本文介绍了从除湿器和除湿溶液两个方面进行改进的研究结果：利用固体吸附剂对溶液除湿器表面进行了处理;利用混合溶液作为溶液除湿剂。本文利用电解质溶液理论对LiCl和CaCl₂为代表的混合溶液进行了相关热物性的研究,并提出了选择理想溶液除湿剂及其合适配比的解决方案;进行了相应的除湿实验：实验结果揭示了改进的除湿器不仅从增大除湿面积方面对溶液除湿能力强化有所贡献,还可能存在着吸附势叠加的功效;混合溶液的使用使得溶液除湿能力相对于使用单种溶液大大提高。     

USE OF DYNAMIC MODELLING FOR THE DESIGN OF BATCH-MODE DEHUMIDIFIER DRYERS

The performance of batch-mode dehumidifier dryers undergoes significant changes during the drying process due to the range of temperature and humidity conditions experienced. Consequently steady-state methods are inapplicable for determining the performance of such kilns. In this paper a dynamic dehumidifier kiln model is used to estimate the drying speed, energy use and annual income for a batch-mode dehumidifier kiln. The model has been validated at both the dryer and dehumidifier levels, and the product is Pinus radiata, an easy-to-dry plantation soft-wood. The results show that control limits for the evaporating and condensing temperatures must be well matched to maximise the drying speed in the constant rate period. In the falling rate period, it is important not to place a lower limit the relative humidity unnecessarily. The use of supplementary heat to accelerate the kiln start-up is shown to have only a small influence on the kiln performance.     

不同固体除湿方式的热质交换过程分析及性能比较

介绍了固体除湿转轮、热泵型内冷固体除湿床以及与热泵结合的多级固体除湿装置3种固体除湿装置的工作原理,建立了相应的传热传质模型,并通过实验验证了模型的准确性。通过模拟方法,对比了3种除湿装置的除湿效果。结果表明,热泵型内冷固体除湿床的传热传质过程最优,转轮的近似等焓的空气除湿过程最差,与热泵结合的多级固体除湿装置通过分级和内冷改进了转轮的近似等焓的空气处理过程。除湿转轮的再生温度一般在80℃以上,其他两种除湿装置的再生温度均在50℃以下;在达到相同送风含湿量时,除湿转轮的除湿与再生过程近似沿等焓线变化,送风温度很高;而其他两种除湿装置的送风温度比较低,COP能达到4以上。     

燃煤电厂湿烟气的除湿特性

燃煤电厂湿法脱硫后排放的烟气中含有大量水蒸气,造成大量水资源的浪费,溶液除湿工艺是水分回收技术之一。通过绝热型管式降膜除湿试验台,采用价格低廉的CaCl₂溶液为除湿剂,探究了湿烟气状态下溶液浓度、溶液温度、传质面积及进口温度对除湿性能的影响,试验得到了CaCl₂溶液除湿过程的传质系数,溶液除湿效率远高于清水冷凝除湿,为烟气除湿工艺的选择和性能预测提供了参考。     

两种盐溶液除湿器的建模与对比

描述了绝热型与内冷型两类平板溶液除湿器的结构特点,在盐溶液竖直降膜与湿空气顺流、充分发展的工况下,基于Navier-Stokes动量方程建立盐溶液与湿空气热、质传递过程耦合数学模型,以LiCl水溶液作为除湿剂,考虑气液界面处的剪切力边界条件,在恒壁温与绝热边界条件下,对两种具有相同尺寸规格的除湿器的除湿过程进行了数值模拟,得到沿高度方向上盐溶液温度、浓度和湿空气温度、含湿量的变化情况,并对两者在相同工况下进行对比,定量描述了两类除湿器在除湿性能上的差异.结果发现内冷型除湿器的出口溶液的温度更低,接近于冷却介质温度,而且处理后的湿空气的含湿量比绝热型除湿器低5.1 g·kg^-1,空气的出口温度也要低近10.5℃,但除湿溶液的浓度变化很小,进、出口浓度差不到1％.     

基于膜全热回收的制冷除湿机的实验研究

基于膜全热回收制冷除湿系统是新风独立系统中的一种高效的除湿系统。该系统由高效透湿膜换热器和制冷除湿系统组成。新风和排风在膜全热换热器中进行热质交换。膜换热器回收排风中的全热,同时降低了新风的温度和含湿量。换热之后新风通过蒸发器进行进一步除湿冷却,然后输送到室内。在本研究中,在焓差实验室对基于膜全热回收的制冷除湿样机进行了变工况下的性能实验。研究了在室内温度27℃,湿球温度19℃的条件下,室外空气温度、相对湿度以及空气流量对该系统的除湿能力和COP的影响。实验结果表明膜全热回收制冷除湿系统在高温高湿条件下具有较高的除湿能力和COP。     

Prediction of Air-Drying of Milk Droplet Under Relatively High Humidity Using the Reaction Engineering Approach

Spray-drying is the prime process for manufacturing powders. Optimization of spray-drying processes requires both modeling the drying characteristics of a single milk droplet and the dryer-wide simulations incorporating computational fluid dynamics. In computational fluid dynamics simulations, it is desirable to have an accurate yet simple model for drying of single droplet, which does not require resolving partial differential equation. Here the experimental results on constant drying conditions with high humidity air flows are reported for the first time. Previously, a mathematical model using the reaction engineering approach (the REA model) was established using the very dry air conditions. The same REA model has been used to predict the current high humidity results. It has been shown that the predictions agree well with the experimental results, showing the good promise of this approach.     

Heat and Mass Transfer between Air and Liquid Desiccant in Cross‐flow Contact Systems

In this paper, an analytical solution of the coupled heat and mass transfer process in a cross‐flow liquid‐desiccant dehumidifier/regenerator is developed. By the use of reliable assumptions, the government equations for the system are solved by an analytical method. The results of the present analytical solution are compared with experimental data from the literature, and they show good agreement. The maximum error produced by the presented analytical solution is less than 12 %. The effect of the operating parameters is considered using the presented analytical solution. The results show that air inlet humidity, air flow rate, desiccant inlet temperature, and desiccant inlet concentration have more influence on the moisture removal rate in the cross‐flow dehumidifier. Also, air inlet humidity, desiccant inlet temperature, desiccant inlet concentration and desiccant flow rate have more effect on the moisture removal rate in the cross‐flow regenerator. The effect of the Lewis number on the performance of the dehumidifier/regenerator is investigated. As the results show, by the use of Le = 1.08 in the dehumidification process and Le = 0.96 in the regeneration process, instead of the value of unity, better results are obtained. The benefit of the present study is a simplified application for the evaluation of the outlet parameters of the cross‐flow air dehumidifier/regenerator.     

除湿空调用膜反转规整填料性能

提出了溶液降膜吸收和膜反转技术结合的一种新型除湿器填料——膜反转规整填料。设计并搭建了膜反转规整填料液体除湿实验台,研究了溶液不同入口浓度、温度、流量和空气不同入口流量、温度、含湿量对液膜反转除湿性能的影响。本研究为膜反转规整填料在液体空气除湿方面的工程设计和实际应用提供了一定依据,也为进一步开发高效紧凑热质传递元件及设备提供了一些方法和思路。     

蒸发冷却条件下管内LiCl和CaCl2溶液降膜除湿性能对比

介绍了一种基于蒸发冷却的外冷型溶液除湿装置设计原理及实验样机结构。分别以LiCl和CaCl₂溶液为除湿剂,以除湿率和除湿空气出口温度为评价指标,通过实验对比分析了LiCl和CaCl₂在蒸发冷却条件下的除湿性能差异。结果表明：在所有实验条件下,浓度为0.35的LiCl溶液与浓度为0.45的CaCl₂溶液除湿性能相似,其除湿率与对应空气出口温度均高于浓度为0.35的CaCl₂溶液;浓度为0.35的LiCl溶液比浓度为0.35的CaCl₂溶液的除湿率要约提高73%,并且空气流量越大其绝对提高值越大。另外,蒸发冷却空气流量增加除使除湿率增加外还会降低空气出口温度,约1.4℃;改变喷淋水温度对CaCl₂溶液除湿性能的影响比对LiCl溶液更为明显。研究结果为该种外冷型溶液除湿器的实际应用提供参考。     

经济型多元溶液的替代方案及除湿再生性能验证

本研究旨在寻求更经济的替代单一溶液的多元溶液并验证其除湿再生性能。基于简单混合法则,预测多元溶液的配制方案。以空气出口含湿量作为除湿、再生性能的评价指标,搭建实验台进行实验验证。综合考虑除湿性能、再生性能和经济性,实验结果表明,43%、45%、48% LiCl/CaCl₂多元溶液替代39% LiCl溶液作除湿剂,48% LiCl/CaCl₂除湿性能略差,再生能力比39% LiCl提高了29.5%,再生能力最优,成本是39% LiCl的1/3,是最佳的替代除湿剂;51% LiBr/CaCl₂多元溶液替代52% LiBr溶液作除湿剂,两者除湿能力相近,51% LiBr/CaCl₂再生能力提高了50.8%,成本是52% LiBr的1/2,是很好的替代除湿剂。