Preparation of AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billet by new strain induced melt activated method

1 Introduction AZ91D magnesium alloy has received more attention due to its high specific strength, specific rigidity and good dimensional stability and so on[1]. Thixoforming is one of the best methods with regard to forming AZ91D magnesium alloy compone…     

新复合工艺制备A356.2合金半固态坯料

采用近液相线浇注和新SIMA法相结合的新复合工艺制备A356.2合金半固态坯料,观察和分析各工艺参数下试样的显微组织特征,探讨组织演变机制。实验结果表明,在铸模水冷、浇注温度615℃下进行近液相线浇注,获得的试样显微组织较好;等径角挤压使晶粒发生明显的变形和破碎,可累积大量的变形能;保温处理过程中,随着保温温度升高和保温时间延长,液相增多,晶粒粗化,圆整度提高。     

Microstructure evolution of processed Mg-Al-Zn alloy by equal channel angular extrusion in semi-solid isothermal treatment

1Introduction Thixoforming is one of the best methods regarding manufacture of Mg-Al-Zn alloy components because of its low resistance of deformation compared with solid metal forging and high mechanical properties of formed components compared with liqui…     

Research on semi-solid thixoforming process of AZ91D magnesium alloy brackets for generators in JH70-type motorbikes

The investment on semi-solid die casting processes of AZ91D magnesium alloy brackets for generators in JH70-type motorbikes is introduced. The processes of low super-heat and cooling slope for the preparation of billets with non-dendritic microstructure, the remelting of billets for thixoforming and the parameters in the process of semi-sohd thixoforming have been researched. The results show that primary billets with non-dendritical structures can be prepared by forming great amount of nuclei in melt via the process of low super heat. By optimizing the remelting process through adjusting the current of the induced equipment, semi-solid billets with a structure of spherical grains were obtained from the primary billets with non-dendritical structure. The range of 580℃ to 583℃ is the proper remelting temperatures by which the billets have an expected thixotropy and can be transferred to a die-casting machine. The optimized parameters of semi-solid forming in a die-casting machine are as follows： the area of the ingate in the die is 383.5 mm^2, the speed of the pierce of the machine 5 m/s, the shot pressure of the pierce 75 MPa, and the maintenance pressure of the pierce 350 MPa. The castings of brackets for supporting generators in JH70 type motorbikes were formed by adopting the optimized processes and parameters mentioned above.     

AZ91D镁合金半固态触变成形的数值模拟

采用商业有限元软件DEFORM3DTM对半固态镁合金AZ91D的触变成形过程进行了数值模拟,并利用自制的模具,在加热到570℃保温不同时间的情况下,对AZ91D镁合金半固态坯料进行触变成形试验。通过模拟分析的结果与试验的实际结果进行对比,得出了最佳触变成形工艺参数,同时,在一定程度上验证了数值模拟分析结果的可靠性。     

Reheating and thixoforging of ZK60+RE alloy deformed by ECAE

The two-pass equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process was introduced into strain-induced melt activation (SIMA) to predeform a ZK60 alloy with rare earth (RE) addition. Microstructure evolution of ECAE-formed ZK60+RE alloy during reheating was investigated. Furthermore, tensile properties of thixoforged components were determined. The results show that the SIMA process can produce ideal microstructures, and spheroidized solid particles with little entrapped liquid can be obtained. With prolonging hold...     

Preparation and thixoforging of semisolid billet of AZ80 magnesium alloy

Semisolid billet of AZ80 magnesium alloy was prepared by new strain induced melt activated (new SIMA) process and thixoforging experiment was performed. The results show that after as-cast AZ80 magnesium alloy is processed by equal channel angular extrusion, microstructure is refined well due to heavy dynamic recrystallization occurring in severe plastic deformation. Compared with semisolid isothermal treatment and conventional SIMA, semisolid billet with fine and spheroidal grains are achieved in new SIMA. Thixoforging process of semisolid billet prepared by new SIMA has many advantages such as good surface quality of final component, high ability to fill cavity and net-shape. The fine and spheroidal grains and high mechanical properties such as tensile strength of 298 MPa and elongation of 28% can be developed in final part thixoforged.     

Large-scale manufacturing of aluminum alloy plate extruded from subsize billet by new porthole-equal channel angular processing technique

To manufacture plate by the combination of equal channel angular processing (ECAP) and porthole die extrusion techniques, a novel technique, namely portholes-equal channel angular processing (P-ECAP), was studied. Extrusion of AL6005A plate used for the bullet train plate was investigated by finite element method. The relevant porthole dies involving ECAP technique in channels were designed. Dimensional changes in the scrap part of the extrudate obtained after extrusion from the P-ECAP die, with different channel angles, were predicted. Effects of the channel angle and extrusion speed on the maximum temperature of the workpiece and other field variables were evaluated. At the channel angle of 160° of P-ECAP dies, the extrudate exhibited the optimal performance and the least amount of extrudate scrap was obtained. The optimal extrusion speed was 3–5 mm/s. Moreover, with the increase in ram speed from 1 to 9 mm/s, the peak extrusion load increased by about 49% and the maximum temperature was increased by about 70 °C. The effective strain exhibited ascending trend in the corner of the ECAP deformation zone. In the solder seam and the side of die bearing of extrudate, the maximum principal stresses were tensile stress.     

镁合金汽车轮毂半固态触变成形的刚-粘塑性有限元分析

镁及镁合金由于具有比重低、较高的比强度和比刚度、优良的电磁屏蔽性和阻尼性能等优点,日益受到人们的关注,作为结构和功能元件已越来越多的应用于汽车、电子等行业。采用半固态方法生产的镁及镁合金零部件,可以大大降低或消除通常压铸方法产生的气孔或疏松。采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机,对半固态AZ91D镁合金进行大量、系统的单向压缩试验,以此研究AZ91D镁合金在半固态温度区间的变形力学行为,建立AZ91D合金不同温度、应变和应变速率下的粘塑性本构关系,在此基础上采用DEFORM-3D商用软件模拟镁合金轮毂触变成形过程,得到触变成形过程流动和应力-应变场以及他们之间的关系。上述工作为镁合金半固态触变成形过程的实际应用和零件质量的提高打下基础。     

Application of cyclic upsetting-extrusion to semi-solid processing of AZ91D magnesium alloy

The microstructural evolution of AZ91D magnesium alloy prepared by means of the cyclic upsetting-extrusion and partial remelting was investigated. The effects of remelting temperature and holding time on microstructure of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy were studied. Furthermore, tensile properties of thixoextruded AZ91D magnesium alloy components were determined. The results show that the cyclic upsetting-extrusion followed by partial remelting is effective in producing semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy for thixoforming. During the partial remelting, with the increase of remelting temperature and holding time, the solid grain size increases and the degree of spheroidization tends to be improved. The tensile mechanical properties of thixoextruded AZ91D magnesium alloy components produced by cyclic upsetting-extrusion and partial remelting are better than those of the same alloy produced by casting.     

等通道转角挤压模具挤压力计算

介绍了利用上限法求解等通道转角挤压模具挤压力的方法,为等通道转角挤压模具强度设计提供了依据.     

半固态触变成形制备高硅铝基电子封装盒体的组织与性能

利用半固态触变成形工艺制备高硅铝电子封装盒体,分析盒体中Si相的分布特征.采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察盒体不同部位的显微组织,并测定其热物理性能及力学性能.结果表明,Al-25％Si(质量分数)合金在半固态触变成形中Si相和液相产生分离流动,液相从盒体中流出,Si相在盒体中聚集,其体积分数从盒体底面向四壁逐渐降低.盒体底面中心和四壁的热导率分别为107.6和131.5W/(m.K),热膨胀系数分别为7.9×10-6和10.6×10-6 K,抗弯强度由167MPa缓慢增加至180MPa.组织和性能呈现梯度变化.     

等径角轧制AZ31镁合金板材的组织与性能

采用等径角轧制工艺制备了AZ31镁合金板材.结果表明:经等径角轧制后的板材,晶粒取向由等径角轧制前的(0002)基面取向演化为基面与非基面共存的取向.与等径角轧制前的板材相比,板材晶粒尺寸略有长大并有孪晶出现,但强度却明显提高,而断裂延伸率变化不大,尤其是1个道次轧制的板材其抗拉强度由等径角轧制前的240增大到275 MPa,屈服强度由193.8增大到239.2 MPa;随着等径角轧制道次的增加,板材的强度逐渐降低,至第4个道次其抗拉强度仅为250 MPa,屈服强度为207.3 MPa.     

等径角挤压制备AZ91D镁合金的组织与性能

研究了铸态AZ91D镁合金在等径角挤压（Equal Channel Angular Extrusion,ECAE）后的室温力学性能和微观组织特征。在力学性能方面,铸态AZ91D镁合金经过1道次ECAE变形后,室温力学性能（屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率、弹性模量）由86.3 MPa,146.3 MPa,1.84%,42.5 GPa分别提高到144.1MPa,222.8 MPa,3.49%,47.7 GPa;2道次后变为109.1 MPa,268.3 MPa,4.48%,48.9 GPa。在微观组织方面,挤压1道次后,由于枝状晶粒在等径道弯角处滑动和转动时发生破碎,AZ91D镁合金的晶粒和黑色共晶相Mg17Al12沿挤压方向拉长为条带状;挤压2道次后,黑色共晶相开始部分回溶,共晶相有所减少且呈非连续分布。     

等径道角挤压预变形AZ61镁合金在半固态等温处理中的微观组织演变(英文)

利用金相显微镜和图像分析设备对等径道角挤压预变形AZ61镁合金在半固态等温处理中的微观组织演变进行研究。先利用等径道角挤压对AZ61镁合金铸坯在310℃进行应变诱导,然后将其在半固态进行不同时间的等温处理。研究结果表明:挤压道次、等温处理温度和变形路径影响预变形AZ61镁合金在半固态等温处理中的微观组织演变过程。在将等温处理温度从530℃升高至560℃的过程中,合金的平均晶粒尺寸从22μm增大到35μm。当等温处理温度为575℃时,平均晶粒尺寸减小。当等径道角挤压的变形路径为BC时,预变形AZ61镁合金在半固态等温处理中获得的微观组织晶粒尺寸最小。     

Effects of processing parameters on microstructure of semi-solid magnesium alloy

In this paper, the effects of pouring temperature of magnesium melt, preheating temperature of the barrel of the screw mixer, and shear rate on the solidified microstructures of semi-solid slurry were investigated by a mechanical stirring semi-solid process. The appropriate processing parameters of slurry preparation were obtained, and the mold filling ability of semi-solid slurry for thin-walled casting was examined. Results indicate that the solid volume fraction of non-dendritic microstructure increases with a decrease in pouring temperature of magnesium melt and the barrel preheating temperature of the screw mixer. Also the grain size of primary α-phase is reduced. Furthermore, the solid volume fraction of semi-solid nondendritic structure decreases with an increase of shear rate. The fine and round granular microstructure with 30～50 μm in size of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy was presented. Finally, a 1.0 mm thin-walled casting with a clear contour and good soundness was successfully made by semi-solid rheo-diecasting.     

Mg-5Al-1.5Ca-0.4Zn基镁合金的等温法半固态压铸组织和性能

研究了Mg-5Al-1.5Ca-0.4Zn-0.2Mn-Sr-Ti合金的等温法半固态压铸组织和性能.结果表明:合金相组成为α(Mg)、(α(Mg) Al2Ca)共晶和少量球状Mg17Al12.Sr变质合金在585℃等温法处理时,α(Mg)首先分离成核.随着等温时间加长,α(Mg)由块状向球状转变.25 min时,转变为粒径40μm的均匀球状组织.此后,球晶发生长大,进而聚拢合并.合金等温法压铸实验发现,组织为均匀细小等轴晶,粒径25 μm.合金室温和高温强度较砂铸大幅提高,塑性略有下降.这是由于细晶强化作用,以及晶粒细化使得晶界上半连续分布的Al2Ca相更弥散,这样Al2Ca高温下钉扎晶界的作用更加突出.等温法半固态压铸合金200℃的高温强度优于AZ91压铸合金,可达140 MPa.     

二次挤压对挤压和ECAP变形后ZK60镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

测试四种状态下ZK60合金的显微组织和力学性能,四种状态分别为：挤压;挤压＋4道次ECAP;挤压＋4道次ECAP＋二次挤压;挤压＋4道次ECAP＋退火＋二次挤压。在室温下成功地进行ZK60的二次挤压,得到超细晶组织。结果表明：ECAP和二次挤压可以显著细化晶粒。挤压＋4道次ECAP＋二次挤压后的ZK60合金的屈服强度为342MPa,但是其伸长率只有0.8%。在二次挤压之前进行退火,ZK60合金的伸长率可以提高到4.5%,而屈服强度基本不变,抗拉强度达到 388 MPa。     

ECHE挤压对AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响

提出了等通道螺旋转角挤压(equal channel helix angular extrusion,ECHE)变形方法,采用Deform-3D平台的有限元模拟、OM、SEM、TEM、拉伸试验等方法,研究了ECHE制造AZ31镁合金轻质螺栓坯料的挤压工艺、温度场、合金流动情况、组织和性能。结果表明:在变形温度为380℃,挤压速度为3mm·s-1时,合金变形均匀,不易出现挤压缺陷;等通道螺旋转角挤压变形可以显著细化AZ31镁合金晶粒;其挤压过程中晶粒细化机制为晶粒破碎和动态再结晶;挤压后的平均晶粒尺寸为3～5μm,且合金晶粒大小均匀;力学性能较铸态大幅度提高,室温抗拉强度和屈服强度分别由209和104MPa提高到286和165MPa,延伸率由11%提高到26.4%,拉伸断口呈现为韧窝断裂和准解理断裂的混合特征。     

Thixotropic behavior of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy

The thixotropie behavior of semi-solid AZ91D slurry was studied through a Couette type viseometer.The results show that the apparent viscosity of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy slurry increases after being isothermally held, but the apparent viscosity quickly falls down to a steady state value after being stirred again and it takes on a sharp shear-thinning behavior. With the same shearing rate and the rest time increasing, the steady apparent viscosity increases because of the agglomeration of the solid particles, and the time required for the slurry to reach the steady state also becomes longer. If the solid fraction increases, it takes longer time for the slurry to reach the steady apparent viscosity with the same shearing rate and the same rest time. If the solid fraction and the rest time are the same, but the shearing rate rises, it takes shorter time for the slurry to reach the steady apparent viscosity and the final steady apparent viscosity also decreases.