共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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试验研究了太阳电池结构的热循环效应.结果表明:经100次热循环作用后太阳电池伏安特性曲线下移,输出功率降低6‰~7‰;各层胶接材料的热物理性能相差较大,热循环过程中热错配应力累积,使太阳电池胶接结构可能出现裂纹或层间剥离现象. 相似文献
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构建了热循环条件下球栅阵列(ball grid array,BGA)封装体传热和应力耦合的非稳态理论模型,通过器件自身发热功率随时间变化来实现循环热载荷,研究工作过程中流场、温度场、应力场的动态变化,并采用有限元方法进行数值求解,分析了热循环载荷对器件所处物理场的影响。研究结果表明:热循环过程中,器件整体温度与方腔内自然对流强度在高温保温时间开始时刻出现峰值,在低温保温时间结束时刻出现谷值;BGA封装体最高温点均位于作为热源的芯片上,承受应力最大点位于阵列最外拐点与上下侧材料的连接部位;随着循环次数的增加,每个热循环周期中关键焊点上端点处的最大等效应力不断增加。 相似文献
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A typical operating temperature of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is above 600 °C, which leads to severe thermal stresses caused by the difference in material mechanical properties during thermal cycling. Interfacial shear stress and peeling stress are the two types of thermal stresses that can cause the mechanical failure of the SOFC. Two commonly used SOFC configurations (electrolyte-supported and anode-supported) were considered for this study. The paper developed a mathematical model to estimate the thermal stresses and to predict the lifetime of the cell (Ni/8YSZ-YSZ-LSM). Due to the mismatch of the material mechanical properties of the cell layers, a crack nucleation induced by thermal stresses can be predicted by the crack damage growth rate and the initial damage distribution in the interfacial layer for each thermal cycle. It was found that the interfacial shear stress and peeling stress were more concentrated near the electrode free edge areas. The number of cycles needed for failure decreased with the increase in the porosity of electrode. The number of cycle for failure decreased with increase in electrolyte thickness for both anode- and electrolyte-supported SOFC. The model provides insight into the distribution of interfacial shear stress and peeling stress and can also predict damage evolution in a localized damage area in different SOFC configurations. 相似文献
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Min Chen Zeng-Yuan Guo Xin-Gang Liang 《Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering》2013,17(1):1-16
Molecular dynamics study has been performed on ultra-thin liquid film sheared between two solid surfaces, which has a direct relation to lubrication. Energy and momentum transfer in the liquid film and at the solid-liquid interface accompanied by viscous heating are analyzed. The system consists of liquid film where molecules are modeled by the Lennard-Jones (12-6) potential and two parallel solid walls having a spacing of several nanometers. The solid walls have a constant temperature and move at a velocity in the opposite directions to each other, which causes a shear in the liquid film. A layered structure has been formed in the liquid by the effect of interaction with solid molecules, in which highly nonequilibrium distribution of thermal energy among the degrees of freedom for molecular motion is observed. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2020,45(46):25344-25356
To investigate the thermal and structural characteristics of a flight-scale LH2 tank during ground fillings, a CFD model and a structural analysis model are established to simulated the chill-down process and the induced thermal stress behavior of the tank, respectively. Results show that, at the early stage of filling, a severe temperature gradient appears at the liquid level, leading to a remarkable local concentration of thermal stress, while the maximal thermal deformation is at the outlet region. After the local wall is chilled down sufficiently, the temperature jump at the interface vanishes as well as the local thermal stress, while the maximal thermal deformation is located at the middle height of tank. The thermal stress is most serious at the beginning stage of filling and the maximum appears at the tank bottom. Moreover, the non-uniformity of the temperature distribution and the average thermal stress level within the tank wall both increase with the filling rate. At a filling rate of 7.5 kg·s−1, the maximal thermal stress and thermal deformation of the target tank are more than 70 MPa and 30 mm. 相似文献
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Adrian Bejan 《International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer》2002,45(23):4607-4620
This paper describes the constructal route to the conceptual design of a two-stream heat exchanger with maximal heat transfer rate per unit volume. The flow structure has multiple scales. The smallest (elemental) scale consists of parallel-plates channels the length of which matches the thermal entrance length of the small stream that flows through the channel. This feature has two advantages: it eliminates the longitudinal temperature increase (flow thermal resistance) that would occur in fully developed laminar flow, and it doubles the heat transfer coefficient associated with fully developed laminar flow. The elemental channels of hot fluid are placed in crossflow with elemental channels of cold fluid. The elemental channel pairs are assembled into sequentially larger flow structures (first construct, second construct, etc.), which have the purpose of installing (spreading) the elemental heat transfer as uniformly as possible throughout the heat exchanger volume. At length scales greater than the elemental, the streams of hot and cold fluid are arranged in counterflow. Each stream bathes the heat exchanger volume as two trees joined canopy to canopy. One tree spreads the stream throughout the volume (like a river delta), while the other tree collects the same stream (like a river basin). It is shown that the spacings of the elemental and first-construct channels can be optimized such that the overall pumping power required by the construct is minimal. The paper concludes with a discussion of the advantages of the proposed tree-like (vascularized) heat exchanger structure over the use of parallel small-scale channels with fully developed laminar flow. 相似文献
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The high-performance carbon fiber materials can be obtained by decomposing carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites using thermally activated oxide semiconductors. This paper established the representative volume element (RVE) of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites, and investigated the structure destruction of composites in the recycling process based on analysis of the stress and strain distribution by the thermomechanical coupling module of Digimat. The results indicated that the maximum thermal stress of the epoxy resin appeared in the poor resin region, while the minimum appeared in the resin-rich region; the stress of the carbon fibers in poor resin region was greater than that in the resin-rich region; the maximum stress of composites appeared in the interface layers when the temperature ranged from 350 to 500?°C, and the maximum thermal stress was 196.9–281.3?MPa, as well as the maximum shear stress was 98.2–140.3?MPa; the maximum peeling stress perpendicular to the fiber directions was 53.7–157.3?MPa; the strain of the interface layers and carbon fibers were the smaller than that of the resin matrix, whose maximum strain ranged from 0.0622 to 0.0889. The structure destruction of the composites was caused by both the peeling stress and the interfacial shear stress in recycling. 相似文献
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Near-field thermal–mechanical responses in polycrystalline gold films considering grain size effects and temperature-dependent thermophysical properties are examined using the generalized thermo-elastodynamic model formulated in Part I. Ultrashort laser-induced transverse and radial thermal stress waves are attenuative, broad in bandwidth, and dispersive with extremely high frequencies. Grain size effects on thermal response are found to be so prominent that the stress fields induced in the polycrystalline film considered for the study are consistently more intense with decreasing averaged grain diameter. The normal and shear stress fields induced by a below melting threshold fluence are low in amplitude but extremely high in frequency response and power density. With the former not exceeding 20?MPa and the latter of the order of 1018-to-1019 [W/m3] in magnitude, non-melting ultrafast heating that generates no plastic deformation is profound with the potential for initiating fatigue micro-cracking in near-field and for inflicting physical damage. 相似文献
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We consider the transient thermal singular stress problem of multiple surface cracking in glass-fiber-reinforced plastics due to a thermal shock at a low temperature. The layered composite is made of a layer bonded between two layers of different physical properties, and it is suddenly cooled on the surfaces. The surface layers contain parallel arrays of the embedded or edge cracks perpendicular to the boundaries. The thermal and elastic properties of the material are dependent on the temperature. For the case of the crack that ends at the interface between orthotropic elastic materials, the order of stress singularity around the tip of the crack is obtained. Finite element calculations are carried out, and the transient thermal stress intensity factors are shown graphically. 相似文献
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Teik-Cheng Lim 《热应力杂志》2013,36(11):1131-1140
This article investigates the effect of auxeticity on the thermal stresses of isotropic plates. The thermal stress is non-dimensionalized against the coefficient of thermal expansion, the change in temperature and at least one of the moduli so as to express the dimensionless thermal stresses solely in terms of Poisson's ratio of the plate material. Results show that increasing auxeticity leads to mild and significant drop in the thermal stresses under the conditions of constant Young's modulus and constant shear modulus, respectively. However, increasing auxeticity causes increase in the thermal stress under the condition of constant bulk modulus. It is also shown that increasing auxeticity under the condition of constant product of all the three moduli reduces the thermal stress if Poisson's ratio falls within a wide range of ?1 and 0.303. These results suggest that, under most circumstances, the replacement of conventional plate materials with auxetic solids is useful for reducing thermal stresses therein. The use of auxetic materials, therefore, provides an additional choice for the reduction of thermal stresses in plates other than selecting materials of lower modulus and low coefficient of thermal expansion. 相似文献
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Abstract An analysis is presented for the temperatures and thermal stresses in a partially absorbing flat plate subjected to normally incident cyclic thermal radiation on the front face, and cooled by convection on the rear face. The resulting temperature and stress responses are cyclic in nature, with the temperatures and stresses in the center and the back face lagging behind those in the front face. The amplitude of the temperature fluctuation is found to be a maximum in the front face. During the initial thermal cycles the maximum stress in the plate is compressive. In contrast, when the plate approaches thermal equilibrium after many cycles, the maximum stress is tensile. The values of the maximum tensile and compressive stresses were found to depend on the frequency of the incident cyclic radiation. 相似文献