高温烟气脱除HCl时CO2的影响

一般烟气或热解产生的燃气中CO2的体积分数远高于HC l气体,因此在石灰吸收剂高温干式净化HC l气体过程中必须考虑CO2的影响。由于烟气中CO2的作用,很大一部分石灰吸收剂将转变为CaCO3。CO2与HC l气体之间存在着对石灰吸收剂的争夺,从而削弱了HC l气体的净化效果,降低了石灰的有效利用率。采用钠碱溶液处理制成的改性石灰在中高温段的碳酸钙化率较低,能在一定程度上降低CO2对净化反应的不利影响。     

微藻固定高浓度CO2技术的研究进展

自工业革命以来,不断增长的燃料消耗导致大气中CO2浓度日益升高,由此所产生的温室效应已经受到全世界的普遍关注.近年来,国际上已经开展了生物固碳技术的相关研究.详细介绍了目前国内外利用微藻固定高浓度CO2技术的研究现状.     

微生物固定高浓度CO2技术的研究进展

大气中的CO2浓度升高主要是化石燃料燃烧造成的，CO2浓度升高引发的温室效应已经成为一个重大的环境问题．从微生物固定CO2机理及高浓度CO2对微生物的影响、固定高浓度CO2的微生物和生物反应器的优化等方面分析目前国内外微生物固定高浓度CO2的研究状况．     

建筑材料CO2排放计算方法及其减排策略研究

本文在全球气候变暖而我国建筑材料产业能耗巨大且快速增加的背景下,探讨了我国建筑材料CO2排放计算方法及其减排策略.首先,采用国际研究惯用的<国家温室气体IPCC指南>估算方法,得到了我国主要化石燃料单位CO2排放量;并根据我国能源统计的特点,得出了标煤的碳排放系数.在此基础上,得到了单位发电量CO2排放量与变化趋势.而后,利用以上基础研究与统计资料,提出了适合我国国情的建筑材料在生产阶段CO2排放量的计算方法.最后,针对我国建筑材料综合能耗比发达国家高很多的现状,提出了降低单位建筑材料CO2排放量和降低建筑材料CO2排放总量的策略.     

水泥生产过程CO2减排潜力分析

近年来,随着全球工业化的发展,温室气体排放量增加,全球气候变暖,人类及其生存环境都受到严重的影响。为了抑制温室气体的排放,世界各国都开始采取各种措施。我国也在“十一五”中规定：到2010年末,污染物排放量下降10%。在我国,电力、钢铁、石油、化工和建材是能源和污染物排放最多的工业部门．而在建材产业中,由于水泥生产所造成的CO2排放就占全国CO2排放总量的18％～22％,所以分析水泥生产过程的减排潜力．从而采取有效的措施．实现水泥生产的节能减排．是当今水泥企业发展的重中之重。     

英国研制出可吸收CO2镁基水泥

英国Novacem公司发明了一种新的能吸收温室气体的水泥。这种水泥以镁为基础,在制造过程中比标准水泥需要的热量少,故CO2的排放量减少,而且该水泥在硬化后会吸收CO2。     

再论中国水泥工业CO2的减排

随着人类社会的发展进步及工业化进程的加速,CO2等温室气体的排放量也在激剧增加中。据世界气象组织报告2006年大气层中CO2的浓度已达到381．2ppm,CO2排放量比1990年高出35％,其中由于化石燃料燃烧产生的CO2就达到84亿吨。CO2等温室气体的大量排放会引起气候变化,导致气温增高,海平面上升,极端天气与气候事件频发,     

通风条件下CO2浓度的测量与预测模型的建立

以CO2为示踪气体,采用干冰和人体呼吸产生CO2两种方法,在不同换气次数条件下测定了CO2浓度变化规律,建立了室内CO2浓度预测模型。由此得到存在门窗缝隙渗风时,室内人员处在正常工作状态下的室内外CO2浓度差与换气次数的函数关系,从而可算出最小换气次数。由实验可知,自然渗风时无人房间CO2浓度呈指数衰减;满足室内空气质量要求与节能要求的最小新风量为35m3/(人.h)。     

全球气候变化与CO2减排方案的探讨

指出以CO2为主的温室气体是全球气候变化的最主要的驱动因素,就影响CO2排放量的入口、人均GDP、单位耗能量和能源含碳量以及碳汇量等进行CO2减排方案的探讨,并认为油田、煤气层和深部含水层等地质处置方法能够有效增加CO2的碳汇量,降低CO2的人为排放量,是当前最有潜力的CO2减排途径。     

CO2气体保护焊和双丝埋弧焊的工程应用

在宝钢二期工程热轧厂厂房钢结构制造任务中,有三种规格共106根吊车梁,材料为低合金结构钢16MnR,翼板最大厚度32毫米,腹板16-18毫米,单件最大重量23.77吨。吊车梁焊接接头按等强设计,除所有的对接焊缝须无损探伤外,三大板构成工字梁的主角焊缝要求全熔透,上翼缘焊缝100%超声波检验。     

Life Cycle and Environmental Factors in Selecting Residential and Job Locations

Home and workplace location choices are closely related. The determinants of these choices operate differently based on an individual's life cycle, particularly with regard to the presence or absence of children. Individuals with children often place value on greenspace and recreational opportunities, while those without children often prefer smaller residential lots and locations with access to services. Existing studies have found that if residential location desires are satisfied, people are less likely to emphasize the importance of job location irrespective of their life stage. Taking a different approach, this study examines home-workplace decisions from a commuting standpoint. Commute durations and personal characteristics are used to analyse individual behavior. The contributions of this work include the finding that environmental characteristics and amenities may explain the connection between commuting behavior and residential location choices. Existing studies have not connected environmental characteristics and commuting behavior. This study also uses various GIS modeling techniques to explore the effects of previously unanalysed variables on residential location decisions.     

实时动态灰色模型及其变形监测应用

介绍了实时动态灰色模型进行变形监测应用的效果。结果表明,与原始的灰色模型相比,该方法建立了一种新数据之间的实时关系,能够更加准确的求出满足精度要求的预测值,为变形监测的数据处理与预报提供了一种有效方法。     

高职工程造价专业“2+1”人才培养模式课题调研分析

建立以能力为本位的人才培养模式是高职教育发展的必然要求。本课题调研工作是在高职“2＋1”人才培养模式的理论研究基础上,主要针对工程造价人员的知识结构、能力结构与素质结构开展。通过调研分析,工程造价专业的实践教学环节十分重要,其人才的能力与素质培养是重点。该调研成果对工程造价专业人才培养方案的制订与完善起着重要的作用。     

2+1住宅--第三届DBEW国际住宅设计竞赛获奖方案介绍

2+1住宅方案基于对人类社会的家磨离散化趋势的思考,从单元、建筑与城市三个层次提出可分可合的设计构思,以满足三口之家两代家庭成员间的"独立性"与"亲近性"需求,并由此产生具有意趣的空间形式逻辑.     

项目管理“1+2”模式的创新与实践——以上海浦东国际机场二期航站区工程为例

以上海浦东国际机场二期航站区工程为案例,阐述了工程项目管理"1+2"模式(即以指挥部为管理核心,聘请管理总承包和工程监理共同组成项目管理的有机系统)及在项目管理方面的创新实践与优势,该实践为我国大型工程项目管理提供了一种新的且可以借鉴的思路。     

(1-->3)-Beta-D-glucans and respiratory health: a review of the scientific evidence

(1-->3)-Beta-D-glucan are non-allergenic structural cell wall components of most fungi that have been suggested to play a causal role in the development of respiratory symptoms associated with indoor fungal exposure. This review describes the currently available epidemiological literature on health effects of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan, focusing on atopy, airway inflammation and symptoms, asthma, and lung function. In addition to population studies, studies in human volunteers experimentally exposed to (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan are described as well as relevant animal studies. Furthermore, the review discusses exposure assessment methods, the potential for exposure control and it concludes with identifying research needs. The observational and experimental studies reviewed suggested some association between (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan exposure, airway inflammation and symptoms, however, results were mixed and specific symptoms and potential underlying inflammatory mechanisms associated with exposure could not be identified. Large observational studies using well validated exposure assessment methods are needed to further our knowledge regarding the potential health effects of indoor (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan exposure. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The currently available epidemiological data do not permit conclusions to be drawn regarding the presence (or absence) of an association between environmental (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan exposure and specific adverse health effects, nor is it clear from the currently available evidence which specific immunological mechanisms underlie the presumed health effects. More and larger observational studies are needed to asses whether (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan exposure plays a significant role in respiratory morbidity. In addition, existing methods to assess environmental (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan exposure require validation and further development before they can be used routinely in large scale epidemiological studies.     

室内采暖条件下借助作用因子(算符)对围护结构(墙、窗)保温控制指标与节能控制指标的确定 --建筑热环境与建筑节能研究(之六)

根据建筑热环境与建筑节能相关控制法,当墙的保温控制指标[D0]min,[R0]min和[q0]max被计算确定后,则借助窗墙间的相关性作用因子（算符）ψ,可将上述墙的保温控制指标转变为窗的保温控制指标[Ds]min,[R.]min,和[qs]max,同时,借助墙（窗）保温控制指标与节能控制指标间的节能作用园子（算符）Ф,也可将上述墙的保温控制指标转为墙的保温节能控制的指标[DD-E]min,[RD-E]min,[q0-E]max,同样,借助算符书,也可得窗的保温节能控制的指标[Ds-E]min,[Rs-E]min,[qs-E]max,以使墙、窗保温控制指标和节能控制指标计算大为简化。     

Endotoxin and β(1→3)-Glucan in House Dust and the Relation with Home Characteristics: A Pilot Study in 25 German Houses

Abstract Residential microbial exposure has been suggested to be involved in the development of asthma. This paper describes bacterial endotoxin and mold β(1→3)-glucan levels in house dust and the relationship to selected home characteristics. Dust was sampled from mattresses and living room and bedroom floors of 25 houses in Germany. Endotoxin and β(1→3)-glucan levels ranged from 200-48,600 EU/g dust (100-32,900 EU/m² sampled surface) and 182-3,507 μg/g (157-3,652 μg/m²), respectively. Bio-contaminant levels were highest on living room floors and lowest in mattresses. Dust, endotoxin and β(1→3)-glucan levels were 2–3 times higher on living room floors of centrally heated houses built after 1970 compared to older individually heated houses. This was not found for mattresses and bedroom floors. No associations between biocontaminant levels and other selected home characteristics (temperature, relative humidity, damp spots and insulation of windows) were found. β(1→3)-glucan levels were associated with total culturable fungi (per m²) in house dust, as well as with the fungal genus Alternaria (per g dust and per m²). In conclusion endotoxin and β(1→3)-glucan were readily detectable in house dust and significantly associated with heating system and/or age of the home.     

Determination of heavy metal uptake in transgenic plants harbouring the rabbit CYP450 2E1 using X-ray fluorescence analysis

Transgenic Sesbania grandiflora (L.) pers (Fabaceae) and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) (Brassicaceae) plants harbouring the rabbit cytochrome p450 2E1 enzyme were evaluated for their ability to accumulate heavy metals, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and bromine (Br), using X-ray Fluorescence analysis. When grown for 15?days on heavy metal-contaminated soils, transgenic cuttings of S. grandiflora and T3 A. thaliana plants recorded higher dry and fresh weight compared with their respective controls (A. thaliana and S. grandiflora plants transformed with an empty vector). Dry weight of transgenic S. grandiflora plants (0.321?g) was seven times higher than that of the wildtype (0.049?g), and the fresh weight (4.421?g) was about 4.6 times higher. Likewise, the dry weight of CYP450 2E1 A. thaliana (0.198?g) was more than eight times higher than that seen in the control (0.024?g). Moreover, Fe, Mn, K, and Ca concentrations in transgenic plants were significantly higher than those in their corresponding controls. For instance, concentrations of accumulated K (~3000 and 2000?mg/kg dry weight in S. grandiflora and A. thaliana, respectively) were significantly higher than those recorded in their corresponding controls (2500 and 1500?mg/kg, respectively). In the same vein, translocation of all studied metals from soils cultured with transgenic plants was higher than in those cultured with the control plants. In conclusion, the obtained results show the potential in using transgenic Sesbania and Arabidopsis plants harbouring the rabbit CYP450 2E1 for phytoremediation of mixed environmental contaminants.     

Exceptional arsenic (III,V) removal performance of highly porous,nanostructured ZrO2 spheres for fixed bed reactors and the full-scale system modeling

Highly porous, nanostructured zirconium oxide spheres were fabricated from ZrO₂ nanoparticles with the assistance of agar powder to form spheres with size at millimeter level followed with a heat treatment at 450 °C to remove agar network, which provided a simple, low-cost, and safe process for the synthesis of ZrO₂ spheres. These ZrO₂ spheres had a dual-pore structure, in which interconnected macropores were beneficial for liquid transport and the mesopores could largely increase their surface area (about 98 m²/g) for effective contact with arsenic species in water. These ZrO₂ spheres demonstrated an even better arsenic removal performance on both As(III) and As(V) than ZrO₂ nanoparticles, and could be readily applied to commonly used fixed-bed adsorption reactors in the industry. A short bed adsorbent test was conducted to validate the calculated external mass transport coefficient and the pore diffusion coefficient. The performance of full-scale fixed bed systems with these ZrO₂ spheres as the adsorber was estimated by the validated pore surface diffusion modeling. With the empty bed contact time (EBCT) at 10 min and the initial arsenic concentration at 30 ppb, the number of bed volumes that could be treated by these dry ZrO₂ spheres reached ∼255,000 BVs and ∼271,000 BVs for As(III) and As(V), respectively, until the maximum contaminant level of 10 ppb was reached. These ZrO₂ spheres are non-toxic, highly stable, and resistant to acid and alkali, have a high arsenic adsorption capacity, and could be easily adapted for various arsenic removal apparatus. Thus, these ZrO₂ spheres may have a promising potential for their application in water treatment practice.