Generalization of the current-voltage characteristics of one-sided linear electric-arc heaters stabilized with various gases

The author presents criterial equations that can be used to generalize the current-voltage characteristics of a plasma generator in which the arc burns in a flow of air, nitrogen, argon, oxygen, helium, or hydrogen.     

Allowance for gas-dynamic factors in the design of electric-arc heaters with vortex gas stabilization

The gas-dynamic stability limits of electric-arc heaters have been experimentally investigated and the effect of the principal electrical, gas-dynamic and geometrical factors on arc stabilization is established. A design equation for calculating anode diameter is obtained such that steady vortex stabilization is ensured within the operating range of the heater.     

Some problems of the generalization in dimensionless numbers of the characteristics of gas-stabilized electric arcs

It is shown that the current-voltage characteristics of electric arcs, stabilized in a cylindrical channel by a flow of helium, argon, nitrogen or oxygen, can be generalized by means of a dimensionless criterial equation.     

Computation of electric-arc parameters taking account of convective and radiant losses

An approximate solution of the problem of an electrical arc in a turbulent argon stream is obtained, taking into account convective and radiant energy losses in the discharge channel at atmospheric pressure.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 673–680, October, 1971.     

预裂爆破参数的一种计算方法

在现场测试研究预裂爆破机理的基础上，提出了干孔，水孔预裂爆破参数的一种计算方法，并已在若干爆破工程中采用。     

一种非完整小圆弧曲率半径参数的评价方法

针对现今计量学上非完整小圆弧在曲率半径参数评价技术上的难点,利用仿真分析小圆弧面参数对评价过程影响的趋势,根据现有几种评价算法评价结果的比较分析,提出一种将最小二乘法与Hough变换法相结合的算法应用到非完整小圆弧的曲率半径参数评价上.首先利用最小二乘法的快速计算缩小圆弧参数的量化范围,再使用Hough变换法在此参数空...     

Calculating monitoring reliability parameters on the basis of the percent rejection

Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 8, pp. 16–18, August, 1989.     

Performance characteristics of an electric-arc gas heater with segmental electrodes

Relations are established for the arc length as a function of the electric field intensity in an arc column and for the heat loss in the base spot as a function of the electric current and of the gas flow rate.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 73–76, July, 1973.     

Calculating tuning parameters of automatic controllers for nonsteady-state systems

We consider a procedure for determining the tuning parameters of automatic controllers for nonsteady-state systems whose characteristics vary according to a definite program. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 71–72, April, 1997.     

Corrosion resistance of MA5 magnesium alloy with electric-arc coatings

We study the possibilities of increasing the corrosion resistance of MA5 magnesium alloy by applying aluminum electric-arc coatings from D16 and AMg6 solid wires, a mixture of wires of different kinds (D16 + AMg6), and a powder wire in an aluminum sheath with B₄ C + Ni Cr B Si mixture. The electrochemical characteristics of these coatings are studied in a 3% NaCl aqueous solution. It is shown that aluminum electric-arc coatings strongly increase the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The best characteristics are exhibited by the AMg6 coatings.     

Problems of physical modeling of electric-arc discharges

Special features of physical modeling of high-current arc discharges are considered. It is shown that the employment of dimensionless criterial expressions makes it possible to establish only approximate similarity of characteristics for some specific apparatuses which govern arc-discharge conditions. Procedures to select the dominant energy-exchange processes and to find the scale values of plasma properties are presented, whose knowledge permits modeling of the discharges initiated in various media.     

Calculating reliability in diagnosis and monitoring of an engineering system with several monitored parameters

Expressions are derived for the numerical characteristics of monitoring and diagnostic reliability for an entire system in terms of the reliability characteristics of each of the monitored parameters. The formulas and algorithm can be used to improve the quality and reliability of diagnosis for complicated engineering systems. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 6, pp. 9–11, June, 2006.     

Characterization of steel mill electric-arc furnace dust

In order to make a complete characterization of electric-arc furnace (EAF) dust, as hazardous industrial waste, and to solve its permanent disposal and/or recovery, bearing in mind both the volumes formed in the Croatian steel industry and experiences of developed industrial countries, a study of its properties was undertaken. For this purpose, samples of EAF dust, taken from the regular production process in the Zeljezara Sisak Steel Mill between December 2000 and December 2001, were subjected to a series of tests. The chemical composition of EAF dust samples was investigated by means of a several different analytical methods. The results from the chemical analysis show that the approximate order of abundance of major elements in EAF dusts is as follows: Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca, Mg, Si, Pb, S, Cr, Cu, Al, C, Ni, Cd, As and Hg. Granular-metric composition of single samples was determined by applying sieve separation. Scanning electron micro-structural examination of EAF dust microstructure was performed and results indicated that all twelve EAF dusts were composed of solid spherical agglomerates with Fe, Zn, Pb, O, Si and Ca as the principal element. The investigation of grain morphology and the mineralogical composition of EAF dust were taken by combination of high resolution Auger electron spectroscopy (HR AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The analysis of XPS-spectra determined the presence of zinc in the form of ZnO phase and the presence of lead in the form of PbO phase, i.e. PbSO3/PbSO4 forms. The results of the X-ray diffraction phase analysis show that the basis of the examined EAF dust samples is made of a mixture of metal oxides, silicates and sulphates. The metal concentration, anions, pH value and conductivity in water eluates was determined in order to define the influence of EAF dust on the environment.     

Strength characteristics of coatings in electric-arc metallization

The adhesive and cohesive strengths of powder-wire metal coatings as functions of the technological parameters in electric-arc metallization are investigated experimentally.     

Problems in the study of electrical arcs with turbulent flows

The unique features of a dc electrical arc burning in a long cylindrical channel with an accompanying flow of plasma-forming gas are considered.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 48–53, July, 1989.     

A method to calculate an electric-arc generator with vortex gas stabilization of the arc

Methods are presented for generalization of the volt-ampere characteristics and calculation of working parameters for a hydrogen electric-arc heater with vortex arc stabilization.     

Current-voltage characteristics and emf of an electric-arc heater operating with various gases

The stationary and dynamic current-voltage characteristics of an electric-arc heater with an argon, nitrogen, air, and oxygen stabilized arc are determined. An empirical expression for calculating the currentvoltage characteristics for various working gases is proposed.