纳米钡铁氧体的制备与磁性研究

采用溶胶凝胶法在不同pH值和煅烧温度条件下制备了M型纳米钡铁氧体样品,利用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜以及振动样品磁强计研究了溶液pH值和煅烧温度对纳米钡铁氧体的微结构和磁性能的影响.实验结果表明:溶液pH值及煅烧温度对钡铁氧体的相结构和磁性能都有很大影响.当溶液pH值在3以上时,有利于BaFe12O19相的形成,纳米钡铁氧体的晶粒尺寸约50 nm,饱和磁化强度Ms和矫顽力Hc在pH=7时达到最高.对于pH=7的样品,在700℃左右开始有BaFe12O19相形成,同时伴有较多量的α-Fe2O3和少量的BaFe2O4与BaCO3杂相.随着温度的升高,BaFe12O19主相不断形成积累,杂相逐渐减少,当煅烧温度为800℃时,样品基本上为纯BaFe12O19相,经900℃热处理后样品磁性能最佳:饱和磁化强度达到Ms=61.6(A·m2)/kg,矫顽力为Hc=4.56×105A/m.     

Cu及Mn掺杂NiZn铁氧体的合成及磁性能研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备尖晶石结构的Ni0.7-yZn0.3CuyFe2O4(y=0,0.1,0.2及0.3)。经微结构以及磁性能的研究发现,铜掺杂使样品在700℃时就形成了完全的尖晶石相,并且当铜掺入量为y=0.1时,样品的晶粒最大,最大值Ms达到66.7(A·m2)/kg。在此基础上,研究Mn掺杂对制备的样品(Ni0.6Zn0.3Cu0.1)1-xMnxFe2O4(x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03)的磁性能以及微观结构的影响。结果发现,铁氧体粉体的Ms随着Mn的增加基本保持不变;而环状样品的Bs,Br和Hc与锰含量以及烧结温度有着明显的变化关系,Bs和Br随着锰含量的增大先减小后增大,最小值分别达到Bs=305mT,Br=242mT。而矫顽力随锰含量的增大而增大。另外,Br与Bs都随着烧结温度的增大而增加,Hc减小。当烧结温度达到1050℃时,Hc,Bs和Br都趋于一个恒定的值。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米钡铁氧体磁性能

以柠檬酸为络合剂络合硝酸盐中的Fe3+和Ba2+离子,在铁钡摩尔比分别为10～13条件下利用溶胶-凝胶自蔓延燃烧法制备了M型纳米钡铁氧体粉末样品,利用X射线衍射及场发射扫描电子显微镜对所制钡铁氧体样品的结构与形貌进行表征。结果显示:钡铁氧体的物相组成与铁钡摩尔比关系密切。当Fe/Ba=12时,在800℃煅烧180min条件下制备的钡铁氧体样品的磁性能得到优化,磁学参数如下:饱和磁化强度Ms(2T)=61.555(A·m2)·kg-1、剩余磁化强度Mr=32.216(A·m2)·kg-1和高的矫顽力Hc=5822.2×79.6A/m。同时利用Kelly-Hankel(δM)曲线揭示出钡铁氧体纳米颗粒之间的相互作用。     

SrFe12-xAlxO19纳米颗粒溶胶-凝胶法制备及其磁性能研究

利用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备M型锶铁氧体SrFe12-xAlxO19(0＜x＜2.5)纳米粉体,同时利用X射线衍射(XRD)以及振动样品磁强计(VSM)对制各的各种样品的结构以及磁性能进行研究.大量的实验结果表明,Al2 离子可以进入到锶铁氧体次晶格来替代Fe3 ,纳米锶铁氧体仍保持磁铅石相结构.VSM研究结果显示M型锶铁氧体SrFe12-xAlxO19(0＜x＜2.5)样品的饱和磁化强度Ms和剩余磁化强度Mr随掺杂量x的增加基本呈线性降低关系,Ms从x=0的63.5(A·m2)/kg下降至x=2.5的23.8(A·m2)/kg.样品的矫顽力Hc随Al掺杂量x的增加总体呈增加趋势,当x=1.5时Hc达到最大约7.8×104A/m.     

Cu-Ti掺杂对钡铁氧体显微结构和电磁性能的影响

以Fe_2O_3、Ba CO_3、Cu O和Ti O_2为原料,采用固相烧结法,在经过优化的烧结温度1200℃下进行固相烧结,制备了Cu-Ti共掺杂的钡铁氧体Ba Fe_(12-2)x Cux Tix O_(19)(x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.15和0.20),并研究了Cu-Ti添加量对钡铁氧体组成,结构和电磁性能的影响。结果表明,掺杂的Cu~(2+)和Ti~(4+)可以进入钡铁氧体晶格中,且在样品中没有观察到第二相;随着Cu-Ti掺杂量的增加所得钡铁氧体的矫顽力逐渐下降,从204.46 k A/m逐渐降低到86.82 k A/m;饱和磁化强度变化很小,在54.61~58.42 A·m~2/kg之间微弱波动;介电常数先增大后减小,但介电损耗正切值几乎不变。     

Sr0.8Re0.2Fe11.8Co0.2O19(Re=La,Nd)的制备、表征及吸波性能

采用溶胶凝胶法,制备Sr0.8Re0.2Fe11.8Co0.2O19(Re=La,Nd)复合铁氧体。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、振动样品磁强计和矢量网络分析仪表征粉体的结构及电磁性能。结果表明:得到的粉体为纯净的磁铅石型铁氧体,La3+掺杂样品的各项性能明显改善。在室温条件下,稀土离子掺杂后样品的Ms受到稀土离子掺杂的影响较小,Hc则明显提高;La^3+掺杂样品和Nd3+掺杂样品的Ms值接近,前者的Hc值则明显强于后者的,Sr0.8La0.2Fe11.8Co0.2O19的Ms和Hc分别为58.08A m^2/kg和362.0kA/m。稀土离子掺杂使铁氧体样品的复介电常数(ε′和ε″)增大,与Nd3+掺杂样品相比,La3+掺杂样品的介电损耗和磁损耗改善更为明显。利用传输线理论优化设计时发现,在1.2~2.4 mm之间,随着厚度的增加,Sr0.8La0.2Fe11.8Co0.2O19的反射率峰值先减少后增加,逐渐向低频移动;在厚度为2.0 mm时,其反射率峰值达到最小值为27.8 dB(11.8 GHz),小于10 dB的吸波带宽为5.2 GHz(9.5~14.7 GHz)。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米钡铁氧体薄膜

采用溶胶-凝胶浸渍提拉技术,分别在不同的Fe/Ba原子比率下制备纳米钡铁氧体磁性薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪、振动样品磁强计、场发射扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜以及四态四端口反射计对纳米钡铁氧体磁性薄膜的物相组成、形貌、磁性能、电磁性能进行了表征.结果表明,Fe/Ba原子比率为9是制备钡铁氧体薄膜的恰当配比,在此Fe/Ba原子比率下,薄膜由呈长棒状晶体颗粒堆垛而成, 长棒状晶体颗粒其直径约为60 nm,长径比在3～7之间,分布均匀.制得的钡铁氧体薄膜的饱和磁化强度(Ms)、剩余磁化强度(Mr)和矫顽力(Hc)分别达到47.74 Am2/kg、28.74 Am2/kg和318.76 kA/m.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备锶铁氧体纳米粉体的研究

掺杂锶铁氧体(SrFe12O19)作为磁性材料和微波材料具有广泛应用.采用以柠檬酸作金属离子络合剂的溶胶-凝胶法合成组份分别为SrTixCoxFe(12-2x)O19,SrNixCoxFe(12-2x)O19,和SrZnxCoxFe(12-2x)O19(x=0～1.5 mol%)的溶胶-凝胶,加热浓缩至自燃,制得铁氧体纳米粉体的先驱粉体,再经900～1100℃烧结制备出铁氧体粉体产物.用XRD研究产物的晶相及其晶粒的平均大小;用TEM和SEM观察粉体形貌.研究结果表明:当Ti/Co共掺时,锶铁氧体的晶相没有变化,相粒平均大小30～50 nm;当Ni/Co或Zn/Co共掺时,锶铁氧体晶相的含量随掺杂量x的增大而减小,并出现Fe3O4晶相和α-Fe2O3晶相杂质;当共掺量为1.5 mol%时,所得粉体均为Fe3O4晶相、晶粒平均尺寸约40 nm的纳米粉体.     

Ba2Zn2Fe12O22铁氧体和弛豫铁电体

采用陶瓷制备工艺成功制备了Ba2Zn2Fe12O22铁氧体和铁电性PMZNT的复合材料,并借助于TMA,XRD,SEM和VSM技术,对所制备复合材料的共烧特性、相组成、显微结构和磁性能进行了研究.结果表明,Ba2Zn2Fe12O22铁氧体和PMZNT的烧成收缩和烧成收缩率存在明显的差异复合材料由Ba2Zn2Fe12O22和PMZNT两相组成;复合材料具有良好的显微结构.复合材料呈现软磁铁氧体典型的磁滞回线.     

微量Al3+掺杂对钴铁氧体磁和电性能的影响

采用固相反应法,制备了Al3+掺杂的钴铁氧体CoFe2xAlxO4(x=0.000,0.012,0.023,0.035,0.069,0.092)系列样品。从XRD的结果分析,钴铁氧体磁性离子间跃迁距离随x的增加而降低,表明Al3+掺杂进入了尖晶石晶格,拉曼光谱的结果验证了这一结论。当x≤0.069,随着x的增大,钴铁氧体直流电阻率增加约2个数量级;当x>0.069,直流电阻率开始下降。微量Al3+掺杂后钴铁氧体的矫顽力略有降低,但饱和磁化强度增加。最大磁致伸缩量比未掺杂Al3+的低,但磁致伸缩系数增加。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.